by Jim Surkamp on February 1, 2016 in Jefferson County

1865

Weather: rainy all day

33. APRIL 23, 1865 – WINCHESTER, VA. – NEWTON D. BAKER GIVES THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE AND IS PAROLED TO GO HOME. ON FEBRUARY 21, 1865, HIS COUSIN, JAMES MARTIN BILLMYER, AS THE REGIMENT’S ACTING ADJUTANT SINCE FEB. 12th, APPROVED PAYMENT TO BAKER OF $3,300 FOR THE DEATH ON AUG. 19th, 1864 OF HIS HORSE, THE VALUE OF WHICH, BILLMYER RECORDED “WAS APPRAISED BY THE REGULARLY APPOINTED BOARD AT THE TIME OF MUSTERING INTO SERVICE.”

Elias died in May, 1867, still Shepherdstown’s postmaster. Mrs. Baker assumed the post until April, 1869. Newton finished his studies, begun before the war at Wittenberg College, first being

mentored by his esteemed neighbor Dr. John Quigley, then graduating from the University of Maryland’s Medical School in 1868. Dr. Quigley conveyed his patient load to the young Dr. Baker who soon left to start a family in Martinsburg.

Elias Baker was devoted to the Union, received an appointment from President Lincoln as postmaster at Shepherdstown, and retained the Federal office throughout the War. Son Newton Baker, as a member of the Cavalry commanded by Jeb Stuart, fought at Gettysburg, was captured, and exchanged to fight again at Richmond. . . but had a tolerant attitude that was one of his strongest qualities. He felt that the War ended with Lee’s surrender and he was willing to accept the Northern victory. . . . When the Civil War ended Newton D. began to read the entire Encyclopaedia Britannica in an attempt to compensate for the college education that had been interrupted by four years with Stuart’s cavalry. The country doctor found his practice too preoccupying and lost himself in darkest Africa while working on the A’s. – Cramer pp. 13-15; pp. 19-20.

His son Newton D. Baker Jr. was born in Martinsburg December 3rd, 1871, eschewed on becoming a doctor like his dad. Wrote one biographer, Newton Jr.:
As a boy Baker was Puck with a book; he was the “angel child” who did not play baseball and seldom visited the swimming hole. . . Newton Jr. was told that an award of Hulme’s History of England would be given if he read the whole of the Britannica; he accepted the challenge and earned the prize. As he grew older Baker was certain that his father, through stimulating conversation and suggestions for reading, had much the greatest influence on his early education. . . . In later life he was to be included in the list of former newsboys who made good. Lawyer Baker denied that he ever carried papers and observed that he had never sold anything “except advice, such as it is.” He was small, dark-haired, and brown-eyed, with, in Brand Whitlock’s phrase, a sensitive face and the ideals of a poet. In manhood he finally achieved a height of five feet six inches, wore a size 14 shirt and collar, and weighed 125 pounds.

He graduated from Johns Hopkins in 1892, received his law degree from Washington and lee University. He went north as he joked “as a carpet bagger in reverse,” advocated progressive policies and became Cleveland’s mayor, continuing his climb into the world of public policy.

Newton Junior became known as a thinker, a powerful orator, and a progressive who fought manifestations of anti-Semitism, and as a result fiercely disputed with car-maker Henry Ford. Baker wrote:

Man seems to me incapable of greatness except when conditioned by beliefs which he has attained so passionately that he subordinates all other considerations to the service of his faith. Of course, the faith does not have to be formally religious, and whether or not if religious it be anthropomorphic, seems to me to make little difference. . . . But I find it very hard to imagine a stable social order or a helpful metaphysical order which does not have some stakes at which men are willing to be burned, and I think there are some stakes of that sort. . . .

When he was appointed and served as the country’s Secretary of War from 1916 to 1921, it was said that Baker was: “A civilian’s civilian, (he) saw the military as a necessity, but he had no awe of people in uniform, no romantic feelings toward them, and no dreams of glory….

On the day President Woodrow Wilson announced Baker’s appointment as secretary of war, he admitted his ignorance of military matters. “I am an innocent,” he told reporters, “I do not know anything about this job.” But he had a sharp, analytical mind and considerable skill at administration.

Administration Building Newton D. Baker General Hospital Martinsburg, WV

The regional Veterans Affairs Hospital in Martinsburg bears his name and he is remembered.

ONE FAMILY’S SLOG THROUGH WAR:

The recruits from the Baker-Billmyer-Lemen family were the children of the children of Johann Martin Billmyer 1767–1839, and Susanna Elizabeth NICODEMUS 1770–1835. Besides Newton’s mother, her siblings were brothers Conrad Billmyer (1797–1847) and John Joseph Billmyer (1802–1845); sisters, Elizabeth Billmyer Noll (1792-1873), Judith Billmyer Koontz (1795-1856), Susan Billmyer McQuilkin (1798-1873), and Esther Mary Billmyer Lemen (1800-1887). John Joseph Billmyer would marry Eliza Williamson Lemen Billmyer (1806-1886) and her siblings – sister Mary Jones (1811-1909), brother Jacob (1811-?), and brother Robert Lemen (1813-1898) – provided seven more recruits: two Confederate, two Confederate, and three Federal respectively – Snyder pp. 47-51; Service records.

The family patriarch:
Johann Martin BILLMYER
BIRTH 22 DEC 1767 • Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
DEATH 19 FEB 1839 • Shepherdstown, Jefferson, West Virginia, USA. ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 4 September 2012.

POW 5/31/63; Wounded 9/22/64
BAKER, NEWTON DIEHL: b. Washington County, Md. 10/3/41. 5’6″ fair complexion, brown hair, blue eyes. attended Wittenberg College one year. clerk Shepherdstown post office, Jefferson County. enlisted in the 1st Virginia Cavalry Charles Town 6/15/61 as Pvt. in Co. F. Present until detached to Gainesville 12/10/61. Captured Smithfield 5/31/63. Sent to Ft. McHenry. Exch. 6/63. Promoted 2nd Corp. Present until detailed as ordinance sgt of regt 11/15/63. Horse killed 8/19/64. Wounded in thigh Fishers Hill 9/22/64. Paroled Winchester 4/23/65. medical school 1868. surgeon for the B&O railroad. d. Martinsburg 1909. – Service Record; 1860 Census.

Besides Newton, cousins in the war fared variously, fighting for both north and south:

1. BILLMYER, JAMES M.: b. Va. 12/4/1836. 5’11’, fair complexion, brown hair, hazel eyes. Merchant, Shepherdstown PO, Jefferson Co. 1860 census. enl. Shepherdstown 4/18/61 Co. F as 1st Sgt. 1st Virginia Cav. Horse killed Bull Run 7/21/61. Present through 1/6/62. To 2nd Lt. Present through 5/1/62. Not re-elected. Re-enl. Pvt. Fredericksburg 8/1/63. Present through 8/64. Acting Adjutant of Regt. 2/12/65. Paroled Winchester 4/27/65. d. 2/20/1913. bur. Berkeley County. – Service Record; Snyder. 1860 Census; fold3.com 6 September 2011 Web. 1 December 2015.

WIA Five Forks 4/1/65.
2. BILLMYER, JOHN T.: b. Va. 1/11/32. 5’8′, fair complexion, dark hair, grey eyes. 1st Lt., Co. F. Deputy Sheriff, Vanclevesville PO, Berkeley Co. 1860 census. enl. Shepherdstown 4/18/61 as Sgt. 1st Virginia Cav. Present until detached with baggage trains 3/4/62. Present through 10/20/62. Elected 2nd Lt. To 1st Lt. Present until WIA Five Forks 4/1/65. Paroled Mt. Jackson 4/18/65. d. 3/26/74. bur. Elmwood Cem. Shepherdstown. – Service Record; Snyder, p. 48.

WIA (left thigh) Haw’s Shop 5/28/64.
3. BILLMYER, MILTON J.: b. Va. 10/10/34. Farmer, Jefferson Co. 6′, fair complexion, light hair, blue eyes. Captain, Co. F. 1st Virginia Cav., Vanclevesville PO, Berkeley Co. 1860 census. enl. Shepherdstown 4/18/61 as Pvt. Present through 7/1/61, appointed 1st Lt. Present through 10/12/62. elected Captain. Present until WIA (left thigh) Haw’s Shop 5/28/64. Absent wounded in Richmond hospital until furloughed for 30 days 7/14/64. Present Appomattox. Paroled Winchester 4/27/65. d. near Shepherdstown, W.Va. 8/31/07. bur. Elmwood Cem. – Service Record; Snyder, p. 48.

Captured Smithfield 5/31/63.
4. LEMEN, JOHN JAMES ALEXANDER: b. Va. 11/19/39. 5’7″. fair complexion, dark hair, grey eyes. Farmhand, Charles Town PO, Jefferson Co. 1860 census. enl. Shepherdstown Co. F. 4/18/61 as Pvt. 1st Virginia Cav. Present until captured 7/61. Exch. Present 9/62. Captured Smithfield 5/31/63. Sent to Ft. Monroe. Exch. 6/5/63. Present until absent sick in Richmond hospital 8/24/64. Released 6/30/64. d. 1/10/71. bur. Elmwood Cem. Shepherdstown, W.Va. – Service Record; Snyder, p. 48. 1860 Census.

WIA Aldie 6/17/63. POW Middleburg d. 6/20/63.
5. LEMEN, THOMAS THORNTON.: b. Va. 8/15/42. Student, Charles Town PO, Jefferson Co. 1860 census. enl. Co. F Shepherdstown 4/18/61 1st Virginia Cav. Pvt. Present until WIA Aldie 6/17/63. POW Middleburg d. 6/20/63. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown. – Service Record; Snyder, p. 48. 1860 Census. fold3.com 6 September 2011 Web. 1 December 2015.

6. LEMEN, WILLIAM THORNBURG: b. Va. 6/15/35. 5’10”. fair complexion, brown hair, grey eyes. Farmer, Charles Town PO, Jefferson Co. 1860 census. enl. Co. F 1st Virginia Cav. Shepherdstown 4/18/61. Present through 8/61, promoted 3rd Sgt. Present through 8/62, promoted 2nd Sgt. Promoted 1st Sgt 10/20/62. Present 10/63. Present through 8/64. Paroled Winchester 4/18/65. d. near Hedgesville, W.Va. 4/17/99. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va. – Service Record; Snyder, p. 48. 1860 Census.

Captured 4/65.
7. LEMEN, WILLOUGHBY: b. Va. 11/20/44. 5’10”. enlisted 4/18/61 Co. F, 1st Virginia Cav. under William A. Morgan. Present thru to 10/20/1862. Promoted to 1st Sgt. 1st Virginia Cav. Present thru 11/1863. Service records show name change from “William T. Lemen” to Willoughby N. Lemen 11-12-63. Captured 4/65. 12/28/64 promoted to Junior 2nd Lieut. Paroled 4/18/65. d. 7/19/1913. buried Elmwood Cem. – Tombstone Inscriptions, p. 170; Kenamond, p. 74; Service Record (pp. 15-28, start @ p. 15); Snyder, p. 48. 1860 Census.

8.MCQUILKIN, WILLIAM H.: b. Va. 1841. Laborer Charles Town enl. Co. F. Shepherdstown 4/18/61 as Pvt. 1st Virginia Cav. Fell ill with pneumonia and was granted sick furlough August 31st, 1861; sent to hospital December 26th, and died January 6th, 1862 at Manassas. – Service Record; Snyder, p. 48.; 1860 Census.

POW, paroled 4/18/65.
9. KOONTZ, THORNTON: b. Va. 12/16/21. enl. 4/18/61 Co. F, 1st Va. Cav. Sgt. Present through 4/62. Reassigned under Milton J. Billmyer. Pvt. substitute for Robert K. Wilson. POW paroled 4/18/65. d. 5/12/86. bur. Elmwood Cem. – Tombstone Inscriptions, p. 168. Service Record; Snyder, p. 47. 1860 Census.

10.NOLL, WILLIAM T.: Va. b. 10/2/32. enlisted Co. B, 1st Virginia Cav. Martinsburg 4/19/61, promoted to 2nd lieutenant. Present until 5-6/62 sick. Bay mare killed 8/21/64 Berryville, Va. Present 7/62-4/65. Paroled 4/18/65 Winchester. d. 2/27/03. – Service Record; Snyder, p. 47. 1860 Census.

11. LEMEN, WILLIAM MARTIN: b. Va. 12/6/31. enlisted Co. B, 1st Virginia Cav. Martinsburg 4/19/61. On daily duty attending to the sick. Present until 2/11/62 on furlough. On detached service with regimental medical dept. Paroled 4/26/65 Winchester. d. 5/2/03. Service Record; Snyder, p. 48. 1860 Census.

WIA (head) Winebrenner’s Cross Roads near Shepherdstown 9/64.
12.BILLMYER, ROBERT LEMEN: b. Va. 9/25/43, Student, 5’6″. fair complexion, brown hair, hazel eyes. Vanclevesville PO, Berkeley Co. 1860 census. enl. Shepherdstown 6/28/63. Pvt., Co. F. 1st Virginia Cav. Present through 12/63. Absent on detached service 1/25-2/28/64. Present through 8/64. WIA (head) Winebrenner’s Cross Roads near Shepherdstown 9/64. Present Appomattox 4/9/65 and carried flag of truce to the enemy. Paroled Winchester 4/18/65. He lived in the county after the war. d. near Shepherdstown, W.Va. 3/19/10. bur. Elmwood Cem. Service Record; Snyder, p. 47. 1860 Census.

POW. Paroled 4/21/65
13. JONES, JOHN REYNOLDS: b. 1844. enl. 8/20/64 Shepherdstown Co. F. 1st Va Cav. under M. J. Billmyer. POW. Paroled 4/21/65 Winchester. d. 1887. – Service Record; 1860 Census.

14. JONES, THOMAS J. or F.: b. 1839 record only confirms being in Co. F. of 1st Va Cavalry. d. 1923. fold3.com 6 September 2011 Web. 1 December 2015. – Service Record; 1860 Census.

15. WILLIAMSON, MATTHEW WHITE: b. 1845. enl. 8/13/1861 at New Market, Va. with Captain Morgan, Co. F 1st Va. Cavalry. Present sent on detached service 1/20/1864. Present 7-8/64. Paroled 5/9/1865. Winchester. d. 1930. Service Record; 1860 Census.

POW
16. WILLIAMSON, THOMAS LEMEN: b. 1847. Only record is being a prisoner of war, being in Co. F of the 1st Va. Cavalry and having been paroled 4/9/1865 at New Market, Va. Description: height 5’9”, hair: light, eyes: blue. d. 1875. Service Record; 1860 Census.

Federal sons:

Eliza Billmyer’s second brother, Robert Lemen (1813-1898) and his wife, Sarah Elizabeth Light (1816-1883), had three sons who went with the Federal Army’s First Maryland Cavalry: In Co. I, Peter (1840-1921); In Co. H, Jacob F. (1842-1922), and Thomas J. (1843-1908). – Snyder, pp. 50-51. The young men enlisted as:

17. LEMEN, PETER L.: b. 1840. 5’9.5” dark complexion, blue eyes, light hair. enl. 9/3/61 Camp Lamon, Williamsport, Md. for three years. Pvt. Capt. Russell’s Co. 1st Va. Cav.(later Co. I. First Md Cav.). 12/30/61 on detached service Williamsport, Md. 5-6/62 detailed at the Ferry at Williamsport on Potomac. 3/9/64 on detached service, clerk in the Provost Marshall’s office Baltimore City, Md. by order of Brig. Gen. Lockwood S.O. No. 61, Par 9. 9/3/64 mustered out, term of service expired. d. 1921. Service Record; 1860 Census.

POW 5-8/63
18. LEMEN, JACOB F.: b. 1842 enl. 9/6/61, mustered in 12/31/61 Williamsport, Md. Pvt. Capt. Zeller’s Co. 1st Reg’t Va. Volunteers (later Co. H. First Md Cav.). Present 1/61-4/63. POW 5-8/63. Present 9/63-12/64. Discharged 12/3/64 term of service expired. d. 1922. Service Record; 1860 Census.

19. LEMEN, THOMAS J.: b. 1843. enl. 9/3/61 Camp Lamon Pvt. Capt. Russell’s Co. 1st Va. Cav.(later Co. I. First Md Cav.) for three years. Present 3-4/62-8/63. Promoted to corporal. 3/26/64 Reduced to Pvt. Present 4/64. 9/3/64 mustered out, term of service expired. d. 1908. – Service Record; 1860 Census.

Special thanks to:
Snyder, Vivian P. (1999). Twenty First Cousins in the Civil War. Magazine of the Jefferson County Historical Society. Vol. LXV. pp. 47-51.

1. NEWTON BAKER’S “MOST” DIVIDED CLAN (Pt. 1 of 4) by Jim Surkamp
2. NEWTON BAKER “SEES THE ELEPHANT” MANASSAS, VA (Pt. 2 of 4) by Jim Surkamp
3. NEWTON BAKER’S LIFE IN THE FAMED FIRST VIRGINIA CAVALRY 1861-1865 (Pt. 3 of 4) (above) by Jim Surkamp
4. NEWTON BAKER’S REMARKABLE SON (Pt. 4 of 4) by Jim Surkamp

References (Generally listed as they pertain in the narrative – JS):

CONFEDERATE VIRGINIA TROOPS
1st Regiment, Virginia Cavalry
The 1st Cavalry Regiment completed its organization at Winchester, Virginia, in July, 1861. Unlike most regiments, the 1st contained twelve companies. The men were from the counties of Frederick, Berkeley, Rockbridge, Clarke, Washington, Augusta, Jefferson, Amelia, Loudoun, Rockingham, and Gloucester. After taking part in the Battle of First Manassas, the unit was brigaded under Generals J.E.B. Stuart, F. Lee, Wickham, and Munford. It participated in more than 200 engagements of various types including the Seven Days’ Battles and Stuart’s ride around McClellan. The regiment was active in the conflicts at Gainesville, Second Manassas, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Kelly’s Ford, Chancellorsville, Brandy Station, Gettysburg, Bristoe Station, The Wilderness, Todd’s Tavern, Spotsylvania, Bethesda Church, and Cold Harbor. Later it was involved in Early’s operations in the Shenandoah Valley, the defense of Petersburg, and the Appomattox Campaign. In April, 1862, it totaled 437 men, lost eight percent of the 310 engaged at Gettysburg, and had 318 fit for duty in September, 1864. The cavalry cut through the Federal lines at Appomattox and later disbanded. Only 1 man from this unit were present at the surrender. The field officers were Colonels R. Welby Carter, James H. Drake, William E. Jones, Fitzhugh Lee, William A. Morgan, and James E.B. Stuart; Lieutenant Colonels L. Tiernan Brien and Charles R. Irving; and Major Robert Swan. – Civil War Soldier Database nps.gov April 1997 Web. 10 May 2013.

Almanacs 1861-1865:

Richardson, David and Wynne, Chas. H. (1863).“Richardson’s Virginia & North Carolina almanac, for the year of Our Lord 1863: being the third after bissextile or leap year, the eighty-seventh of American independence, and the second of the Southern Confederacy.” Boles, J. Durelle, collector. GEU; West & Johnston, publisher; J. Durelle Boles Collection of Southern Imprints. GEU

Richardson, David and Wynne, Chas. H. (1863).“Richardson’s Virginia & North Carolina almanac, for the year of Our Lord 1863: being the third after bissextile or leap year, the eighty-seventh of American independence, and the second of the Southern Confederacy.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2011.

Richardson, David and Wynne, Chas. H. (1864).“Richardson’s Virginia & North Carolina almanac, for the year of Our Lord 1864: being the third after bissextile or leap year, the eighty-seventh of American independence, and the second of the Southern Confederacy.” Boles, J. Durelle, collector. GEU; West & Johnston, publisher; J. Durelle Boles Collection of Southern Imprints. GEU

Richardson, David and Wynne, Chas. H. (1864).“Richardson’s Virginia & North Carolina almanac, for the year of Our Lord 1864: being the third after bissextile or leap year, the eighty-seventh of American independence, and the second of the Southern Confederacy.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2011.

“The Old Franklin Almanac No. 2 for 1861.” Philadelphia, PA: Haslett & Winch.

“The Old Franklin Almanac No. 2 for 1861.” hathitrust.org 13 October 2008 Web. 10 December 2015.

Full moons date/times for Baltimore, 1861 –
1861:
1/26 12:01 PM
2/24 11:36 PM
3/26 9:08 AM
4/24/5:16 PM
5/24 12:59 AM
6/22 9:16 AM
7/21 6:59 PM
8/20 6:44 AM
9/18 8:54 PM
10/18 1:31 PM
11/17 8:00 AM
12:31 8:47 AM

Phelps, William W. (1861). “Almanac for the year 1861 being the thirty-second year of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.” (From April 6, 1830). Third edition revised and corrected. Salt Lake City, UT: Desert News office.

Phelps, William W. (1861). “Almanac for the year 1861 being the thirty-second year of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.” (From April 6, 1830). Third edition revised and corrected. Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2011.
https://archive.org/stream/almanacforyear1861aphel#page/n0/mode/2up

1/26 9:39 AM;
2/24 9:17 PM;
3/26 6:49 AM;
4/24 2:57 PM;
5/31 4:59 AM;
6/29 7:14 PM;
7/29 12:25 PM;
8/28 5:57 AM;
9/26 10:58 AM;
10/26 2:28 AM;
11/25 3:41 AM;
12/24 2:25 PM.

Wakefield, C. (1862). “Wakefield’s western farmers’ almanac and account book.” Bloomington, Ill.: C. Wakefield, proprietor of Wakefield’s Family Medicines. Print.

Wakefield, C. (1862). “Wakefield’s western farmers’ almanac and account book.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 May 2011.

Blackford, William W. (1945). “War Years with Jeb Stuart.” New York, NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons. Print.

Blackford, William W. (1945). “War Years with Jeb Stuart.” Google Books. 15 August 2006. Web. 24 Dec. 2015.

Driver, Robert J. (1991). “1st Virginia Cavalry.” Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, Inc. Print.

Mosby, John S.; Russell, Charles W. (1917). “The memoirs of Colonel John S. Mosby.” Boston, Little, Brown, and Company. Print

Mosby, John S.; Russell, Charles W. (1917). “The memoirs of Colonel John S. Mosby.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 10 Sept. 2010. pp. 108-109.

“The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies.” (1902). NOTE on authors: Robert N. Scott compiled and edited v. 1-18, 1880-87, and also collected the greater part of the material for v. 19-36, 1887-91. After his death in 1887 the work was continued by Henry M. Lazelle, 1887-89, and by a board of publication, 1889-99, consisting of George B. Davis, 1889-97, Leslie J. Perry, 1889-99, Joseph W. Kirkley, 1889-99, and Fred C. Ainsworth, 1898-99; from 1899-1901 edited by Fred C. Ainsworth and Joesph W. Kirkley. Gettysburg, Pa: Gettysburg National Historical Society. Print.

Volume XI – in Three Parts. 1884. (Vol. 11, Chap. 23)
Chapter XXIII – The Peninsular Campaign, Virginia. Mar 17-Sep. 2, 1862.
Part III — Correspondence, etc.

Headquarters Camp McIntosh
March 26, 1862 4 PM General J.E.B. STUART to General JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON, Commanding: GENERAL: at a point about 7 miles below this a large column of infantry was seen on the march this way at 2 p. in. Captain Gaither says he counted six regiments without seeing either end of the column; six regimental colors were counted. They were marching across the fields parallel to the railroad and in view of it. I immediately sent the First Virginia Cavalry (Jones) down to observe the enemy and report. . . It is probable they will camp near Weaversville tonight Most respectfully, your obedient servant, J. E. B. STUART, p. 402. Digital Library. Cornell University. 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

HEADQUARTERS CAVALRY BRIGADE, March 27, 1862 4 PM. General J.E.B. STUART to General JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON: GENERAL: The enemy’s column has been in motion since 12, but at five minutes past 2 had not crossed the run near Warrenton Junction. They have baggage, say 450 wagons; scarcely any cavalry visible then. They are spreading about on Cedar Run to find fords. . . . so far as movements now indicate they are marching along the general direction of the railroad. Radford has been ordered to retire by way of Warrenton Springs, burning bridges, and to halt on the south bank Rappahannock. . . . Their progress must be very slow. In haste, J.E.B. STUART. – p. 406. Digital Library. Cornell University. 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

HEADQUARTERS, Bealeton, March 27, [1862] 8.30 PM General J.E.B. STUART to General JOHNSTON: GENERAL: The enemy has camped at Warrenton Junction. He made a great to-do crossing and recrossing Cedar Run, firing artillery at a few vedettes, and the like, and has actually made 3 miles with his advance guard. . . . – J.E.B. STUART. pp. 406-407. Digital Library. Cornell University. 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

Image of Slatersville Skirmish
Leslie, Frank; Moat, Louis Shepheard (c1895). “Frank Leslie’s illustrated history of the Civil War. The most important events of the conflict between the States graphically pictured. Stirring battle scenes and grand naval engagements … portraits of principal participants.” New York, NY: Mrs. F. Leslie. Print.

Leslie, Frank; Moat, Louis Shepheard (c1895). “Frank Leslie’s illustrated history of the Civil War. The most important events of the conflict between the States graphically pictured. Stirring battle scenes and grand naval engagements … portraits of principal participants.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 25 Sept. 2011.
p. 155. – Gallant charge of the sixth regiment, United States Regular Cavalry upon the Confederate Stuart’s Cavalry – The Confederates Scattered in Confusion and sought safety in the Woods May 9th, 1962. Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 25 Sept. 2011.

Waud, Alfred. “The First Virginia Cavalry.” Harpers Weekly – September 27, 1862, p. 612, p. 618.

Waud, Alfred. “The First Virginia Cavalry.” Harpers Weekly – September 27, 1862. sonofthesouth Web start date unavailable. Retrieved 24 January 2016.

Virga, Vincent. (1997). “Eyes of the Nation: A Visual History of the United States.”

Virga, Vincent. (1997). “Eyes of the Nation: A Visual History of the United States.” Google Books. 15 August 2006. Web. 24 Dec. 2015. p. 167.

Title
[The 1st Virginia Cavalry at a halt]
Waud, Alfred R. (Alfred Rudolph), 1828-1891, artist [1862 September] loc.gov 20 February 1999 Web. 25 May 2013.

Wauds grey mare, 1862
Digital ID: (digital file from original item) ppmsca 20381 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.20381
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-20381 (digital file from original item) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. loc.gov 20 February 1999 Web. 25 May 2013.

[Alfred Waud, full-length portrait, seated, holding a pencil and pad, facing left] Digital ID: (digital file from original, front) ppmsca 19623 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.19623 Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-19623 (digital file from original, front) LC-DIG-ppmsca-19624 (digital file from original, back). Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. loc.gov 20 February 1999 Web. 25 May 2013. print.

[Brandy Station], [Virginia]. Alfred R. Waud, artist for “Harper’s Weekly” (seated on a horse) at headquarters Army of the Potomac Digital ID: (digital file from original neg.) cwpb 03706 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cwpb.03706.Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-cwpb-03706 (digital file from original neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. loc.gov 20 February 1999 Web. 25 May 2013.

Kenamond, A. D. (1963). “Prominent Men of Shepherdstown During Its First 200 Years.” Charles Town, WV: A Jefferson County Historical Society. pp. 21-22.

Report of Brig. Gen. Jubal A. Early, C. S. Army, commanding Ewell’s division, of operations September 3-27. Volume XIX – in Part I. Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania. September 3-November 14, 1862 (Vol. 19, Chap. 31), pp. 965-973. Cornell Digital Library. cornell.edu. 7 May 2008. Web. 29 May 2011.

Early’s division, recrossing the Potomac into Virginia, p. 972. Cornell Digital Library. cornell.edu. 7 May 2008. Web. 29 May 2011.

H.L. Snyder, Shepherdstown Register, September 22, 1921, September 22, 1927, July 31, 1924;

Clemens, footnote, p. 386.
Carman, Ezra A.; edited/annotated by Clemens, Thomas, G. (2010). “The Maryland Campaign of September 1862 Vol. 1: South Mountain.” New York and California: Savas Beatie. print.

REFERENCES OCT 1st, 1862:

The Impossible Autumn (Pt. 4) – 1862, Jefferson County, Va. by Jim Surkamp
civilwarscholars.com 20 June 2011 Web. 24 January 2016. More. . .
Report by Gen. Robert E. Lee on the October 1st Skirmish in Martinsburg, that was challenged in other reports by two participants (Hampton and Pleasonton): R. E. LEE, Chapter XIX, Official Record, Series I, Part 2, Vol. 19. – p. 12. Cornell Digital Library. cornell.edu. 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

Confederate General Robert E. Lee wrote: The enemy’s cavalry, under General Pleasonton, with six pieces of artillery, drove back our pickets yesterday in front of Shepherdstown. The Ninth Virginia Cavalry, which was on picket, repulsed the enemy several times, by vigorous charges, disputing the ground, step-by-step, back to the main body. By the time his artillery reached him, Col. William H. F. Lee, who was in command of the brigade, was obliged to place it on the west bank of the Opequon, on the flank of the enemy as he approached Martinsburg. General Hampton’s brigade had retired through Martinsburg on the Tuscarora road, when General Stuart arrived and made disposition to attack. Lee’s brigade was advanced immediately and Hampton’s ordered forward. The enemy retired at the approach of Lee, along the Shepherdstown road, and was driven across the Potomac by the cavalry.

Federal Gen. Pleasonton’s report disagreeing with the description of his force being driven back in disarray to Shepherdstown on October 1st, 1862
Chapter XIX, Official Record, Series I, Part 2, Vol. 19. – pp. 10-12. Cornell Digital Library. cornell.edu. 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

Report of Brig. Gen. Wade Hampton, C.S. Army, commanding Cavalry Brigade, pp. 12-14. Cornell Digital Library. cornell.edu. 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

An account of R. L. T. Beale, a cavalryman of the nearby 9th Virginia Cavalry, on picket near Leetown when Pleasonton’s cavalry invaded Oct. 1, 1862:
Green food cut from the fields of growing corn was the only provision that could be obtained here for our horses, and in a short time it rendered very many of them unfit for service. It became necessary to establish a camp remote from the army for the treatment of the diseased horses. (The First Virginia Cavalry pickets): Our pickets on the Potomac while here grew quite friendly with those of the enemy. The two parties would leave their clothing on either shore and, meeting in the middle of the river, enjoy a bath together. Orders were issued forbidding the practice. About the middle of October, whilst we were on picket the Union cavalry under command of General Pleasonton, crossed the river in large force at early dawn, and vigorously attacked our outpost under Captain Waller, occupying a position just outside of Shepherdstown. in trying to reach a point for observation, were captured. Their advance, despite the efforts of Waller to check it, was so rapid that we barely had mounted when the columns of the enemy appeared on the hills half a mile in our front. One squadron, dismounted, was placed in ambush behind some large rocks on the left of the road, and the other was held back a hundred yards or so in the rear to await the onset. The enemy advanced rapidly and boldly, but before getting abreast of the ambuscade the dismounted men fired with but little effect. This fire, however, threw the Federal horsemen .into confusion, and, on seeing our mounted men charging, they broke and fled precipitately. We pursued at full speed for some distance, when a large body of dismounted men and two pieces of artillery were discovered, so posted as to command the road. The rally was then sounded, and our men reformed on their former ground.

(1st Virginia Cavalry gets involved-JS):
The relief regiment under Colonel J. M. Drake now reached us, and, though he was the senior officer (Incorrect: Drake was No. 2 behind Tiernan Brien commanding the 1st Virginia), he declined to interfere with the arrangements that had been made, and gladly aided in carrying them out, taking the position assigned his regiment on our right. The enemy, however, did not renew the attack, contenting himself with opening a brisk fire upon us with his artillery.

As we retired to Newcomer’s Mill, General Pleasonton moved down the road to Martinsburg. General Stuart, as soon as he was informed of what was occurring, dispatched General Wade Hampton by a circuitous route to occupy the road above Shepherdstown, while he, with a portion of our brigade, moved upon Martinsburg. General Pleasanton made a rapid retreat to avoid the snare.

Beale, R. L. T. (1899). “History of the Ninth Virginia cavalry, in the war between the states.” Richmond, Va: B. F. Johnson publishing company Print.

Beale, R. L. T. (1899). “History of the Ninth Virginia cavalry, in the war between the states.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 January 2016.
pp. 43-45.

REFERENCES MAY 28-JUNE 6, 1863:

Longacre, Edward G. (1986).”The Cavalry at Gettysburg – A Tactical Study of Mounted Operations during the Civil War’s Pivotal Campaign 9 June – 14 July 1863.” Rutherford, Madison, Teaneck, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. Print.

Debated reports by the Federals of incursions into the eastern Panhandle in late May, early June, 1863:
HDQRS. CAVALRY CORPS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, May 28, 1863. General S. WILLIAMS, A. A. G., Army of the Potomac: The following dispatch from General Gregg, at Bealeton: A scouting party, just in from Sulphur Springs, reports Stuart camped 4 miles from Culpeper, on the road to the Springs; Fitzhugh Lee, W. H. F. Lee, Hampton, and Field at Jefferson. **Rebel scouts numerous about Warrenton and the Springs. The force is represented as being very large. I think it advisable to send Bufords command that is available, some 900 men, and battery, to re-enforce Gregg, should Major-General Hooker consent, particularly as Buford reports rather poor grazing at Dumfries, while on the upper route it is good, and supplies easily obtained. The cavalry at Washington should be moved farther down, on the Orange road. The rebels always mean something when their scouts become numerous. A. PLEASONTON, Brigadier-General, Commanding Cavalry Corps. – p. 536. Cornell Digital Library. cornell.edu. 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. UNION. 593 HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 1, 1863. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief: The following is received from General Buford, at Warrenton Junction, to-day: A. reconnaissance returned late yesterday, satisfying me that there are no rebel troops on this side of the river, save those who have been here all winter. Sulphur Springs, Waterloo, and Orleans were visited yesterday. Another command penetrated as far as Gainesville, returning by New Baltimore and Warrenton. Nothing was heard except that some small parties belonging to Mosby were seen by negroes a few days since. Mosby has three companies, and his headquarters are supposed to be somewhere in Loudoun County. – p. 593. Cornell Digital Library. cornell.edu.28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

REFERENCES AUGUST 18-20, 1864:

August 7-November 28, 1864 – The Shenandoah Valley Campaign – Summary of the Principal Events – August 18, 1864 – Skirmish at Opequon Creek, Va. August 19, 1864 – Skirmish near Opequon Creek, on Berryville and Winchester Pike – Official Record, Series 1 – Volume 43 (Part I) Chapter LV, p. 8.

Spout Spring, Va. 1864 Map
baylor.edu 9 May 1997 Web. 28 October 2012.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 18-SATURDAY, AUGUST 20, 1864 – Encamped at Berryville, frequently skirmishing with the enemy’s cavalry. – Itinerary First Federal Cavalry Division Commanded by Bvt. Maj. Gen. Alfred T. A. Torbert, U.S. Army. – Official Record, Series 1 – Volume 43 (Part I) Chapter LV, – p. 90. Digital Library. Cornell University. 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

Gallaher, Dewitt C. (1961). “ A Diary Depicting the Experience of Dewitt Clinton Gallaher in the War Between The States While Serving In the Confederate Army.” Charleston, WV: Privately Published. Print. pp. 10-11.

Patchen, Scott C. (2013). ”The Last Battle of Winchester: Phil Sheridan, Jubal Early and the Shenandoah Valley Campaign.” El Dorado Hills, CA.: Savas Beatie LLC. Print.

Patchen, Scott C. (2013). ”The Last Battle of Winchester: Phil Sheridan, Jubal Early and the Shenandoah Valley Campaign.” amazon.com 5 July 1994 Web. 15 January 2016.

Farrar, Samuel C. (1911). “The Twenty-second Pennsylvania cavalry and the Ringgold battalion, 1861-1865.” Pittsburgh, PA: The 22nd Pennsylvania Ringgold Cavalry Association. Print.

Farrar, Samuel C. (1911). “The Twenty-second Pennsylvania cavalry and the Ringgold battalion, 1861-1865.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 May 2011.

REFERENCES SEPTEMBER 22, 1864:

Map of the Line of entrenchments at Fisher’s Hill, Va., Aug. 13th to 17th, 1864. Battle of Fisher’s Hill, Sept. 22d., 1864. Creator: Hotchkiss, Jed., Capt. Publication Info: Washington: Government Printing Office. Print.

Map of the Line of Intrenchments at Fisher’s Hill, Va., Aug. 13th to 17th, 1864. Battle of Fisher’s Hill, Sept. 22d., 1864 baylor.edu 9 May 1997 Web. 28 October 2012.

Map – Battle-fields of Fisher’s Hill and Cedar Creek, Virginia. 22 Sept. 1864. 19 Oct. 1864. Prepared by Bvt. Lt. Col. G.L. Gillespie, Major of Engineers, U.S.A., From Surveys made under his direction By Order of Lt. Gen. P.H. Sheridan, and under the Authority of the Hon. Secretary of War and of the Chief of Engineers, U.S.A. 1873. baylor.edu 9 May 1997 Web. 28 October 2012.
(September 22 1864 events in which Newton Baker is wounded in the leg).

Maps of Fisher’s Hill, Virginia (1864)
The Battle of Fisher’s Hill. civilwar.org 19 December 2006 Web. 12 July 2013.

National Park Service Account:
About 1600 hours, Crook ordered his columns to face left and to charge. The soldiers charged down the side of the mountain, shouting at the tops of their lungs. The CS cavalry took to their horses and scattered. In their rush down the hill, Crook’s divisions lost all order; a mass of men funneled through the ravine of the Middle Fork of Tumbling Run past the Barbe House and closed on the Confederate infantry on “Ramseur’s Hill.” A second mass funneled to the right along an old road that penetrated to the rear of the Confederate positions. Grimes’s brigade of North Carolinians held out against Crook’s onslaught until Ricketts ordered his division forward. Hearing, more than seeing, that they were flanked, CS defenders along the remainder of the line began abandoning their entrenchments. Battle’s CS brigade was sent to the left to confront Crook but was misdirected into a ravine and missed the fighting altogether. Sheridan advanced his other divisions, the men attacking generally up the ravines. Early’s army was soon in full flight, abandoning equipment and 14 artillery pieces that could not be extricated from the works. Rear Guard Action at Prospect Hill (22 September): The CS army was a shambles but attempted to collect itself at the base of Round Hill on the Valley Pike. Generals Gordon, Ramseur, and Pegram and staff officers established a rear guard of artillery and infantry at Prospect Hill and held off the disorganized Union pursuit. During this action, Col. Alexander “Sandie” Pendleton, Stonewall Jackson’s favorite staff officer, was wounded; he died the following day in Woodstock. The CS army retreated to Narrow Passage, and the wagon train went on to Mt. Jackson. Darkness and confusion among the Union victors prevented effective pursuit. nps.gov April 1997 Web. 10 May 2013.

Biscoe, Thomas and Walter; Fisher’s Hill Battlefield (028447) West Virginia Historical Photographs Collection Home. wvu.edu 20 November 1999 Web. 25 May 2013.

Owner/Location: Metropolitan Museum of Art – New York, NY (United States – New York)
Dates: 1866
Artist age: Approximately 30 years old.
Dimensions: Unknown
Medium: Painting – oil on canvas
Entered by: Member Irene on 17 February 2013.
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 July 2015.

James M. Billmyer horse killed in Battle Bulls Run July 21, 1861. Valued 80.00. fold3.com 6 September 2011 Web. 1 December 2015.

County map of Virginia, and North Carolina.
“Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1860 by S. Augustus Mitchell, Jr. … for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.” Map no. 23 from: Mitchell’s new general atlas. Philadelphia : S. Augustus Mitchell, Jr., 1860. Prime meridian: Greenwich and Washington. Relief shown by hachures. This item is in the Map Collection of the Library of Virginia. Contributor: Mitchell, S. Augustus (Samuel Augustus); Original Format: Maps; Date: 1860; The Library of Congress: American Memory. “Maps Collection.” 27 Oct. 2009 Web. 10 Sept. 2010.

Volume XI – in Three Parts. 1884. (Vol. 11, Chap. 23)
Chapter XXIII – The Peninsular Campaign, Virginia. Mar 17-Sep. 2, 1862.
Part II — Reports, Jun 25-Sept 2.
Report Captain James M. Robertson, Batteries B and L, Second U.S. Artillery on Slatersville, May 9, 1862 (relevant excerpt):
. . . May 7, 1862, left camp near Williamsburg and followed the retreating enemy toward Richmond. The roads were very heavy, and in many places impassable for artillery. Several times during the day I was compelled to dismount my cannoneers, build causeways, and cut new roads through the woods. The roads on the 8th were much improved, and we met with no serious obstructions till about 1 p.m. on the 9th, when the enemy opened fire upon us from a concealed battery in our front. Lieutenant Wilson’s (the leading) section was at once put in position on the road, and Lieutenant Vincents (the center) section placed in position on the right. These two sections at once opened fire, judging the direction and distance by the enemy’s shot. Lieutenant Woodruff’s (the rear) section was now thrown about 200 yards to the left of the road, where the smoke could be seen rising from the enemy’s guns, and opened fire. Firing from the enemy soon ceased, and the battery advanced to Slatersville, near where the enemy’s guns stood. Several of our shell struck near the rebel guns, one passing entirely through a house and another killing a cavalry horse. Thirty-four shells were fired by my battery during the skirmish, fully one-third of them failing to explode. – p. 247. Official Record, Cornell Digital Library. cornell.edu 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

Von Borcke, Heros. (1867). “Memoirs of the Confederate war for independence.” Philadelphia. PA: J. B. Lippincott & Co. Print.

Von Borcke, Heros. (1867). “Memoirs of the Confederate war for independence.” Internet Archives archive.org 9 August 2002 Web. 20 April 2014.
pp. 18-21.

Von Borcke wrote:
The Government stables were full of good horses, and I had no difficulty in finding an excellent chestnut mare, which afterwards carried me nobly on many a hard ride. At the earliest dawn of morning, on the 30th, an orderly reported to me with the mare in front of my hotel, and I jumped into the saddle, well equipped from head to foot, full of strength and buoyant in spirits, to ride forward to the field.

We trotted out of the city, and across the wooded plain through which runs the Brook turnpike, passing the extensive fortifications and the long lines of the Confederate army. . . . The scrutiny called forth my admiration. The men were all Virginians, whose easy and graceful seat betrayed the constant habit of horseback exercise, and they were mounted mostly on blooded animals, some of which the most ambitious Guardsman or the most particular ” swell ” in London would have been glad to show off in Hyde Park. Looking back across three eventful years to that morning’s march, I realize how little it was in my thought that my lot should be knit so closely with that of these brave fellows in fatigue and in fight, and that I should have to mourn the loss of, alas! so many who afterwards fell around me, in battle.

Report of Brig. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, Commanding Cavalry Brigade In Bivouac, May 10, 1862. pp. 570-574. Jas T. Shepherd 2nd Lt. Stuart Horse Artillery. Cornell Digital Library 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

Jeb Stuart’s Wild Ride
By Ben Cleary June 13, 2012 12:30 pm nytimes 22 September 1996 Web. 20 January 2016.

[Private Archibald Magill Smith of Co. F, 1st Virginia Cavalry Regiment, and Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, in uniform] (LOC) – Library of Congress. [between 1861 and 1865]. 1 photograph : quarter-plate ambrotype, hand-colored ; 9.5 x 11.5 cm (case). Purchased from: The Virginia Confederate, Waldorf, Maryland, 2013. Forms part of: Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs (Library of Congress). The Library of Congress: American Memory. “Maps Collection.” 27 Oct. 2009 Web. 10 Sept. 2010.
Hackworth.

1st VA cavalry jacket, an early war jacket.

1st Regiment, Virginia Cavalry
Overview:
1st Cavalry Regiment completed its organization at Winchester, Virginia, in July, 1861. Unlike most regiments, the 1st contained twelve companies. The men were from the counties of Frederick, Berkeley, Rockbridge, Clarke, Washington, Augusta, Jefferson, Amelia, Loudoun, Rockingham, and Gloucester.

After taking part in the Battle of First Manassas, the unit was brigaded under Generals J.E.B. Stuart, F. Lee, Wickham, and Munford. It participated in more than 200 engagements of various types including the Seven Days’ Battles and Stuart’s ride around McClellan. The regiment was active in the conflicts at Gainesville, Second Manassas, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Kelly’s Ford, Chancellorsville, Brandy Station, Gettysburg, Bristoe Station, The Wilderness, Todd’s Tavern, Spotsylvania, Bethesda Church, and Cold Harbor. Later it was involved in Early’s operations in the Shenandoah Valley, the defense of Petersburg, and the Appomattox Campaign.

In April, 1862, The First Virginia Cavalry totaled 437 men, lost eight percent of the 310 engaged at Gettysburg, and had 318 fit for duty in September, 1864. The cavalry cut through the Federal lines at Appomattox and later disbanded. Only 1 man from this unit were present at the surrender. The field officers were Colonels R. Welby Carter, James H. Drake, William E. Jones, Fitzhugh Lee, William A. Morgan, and James E.B. Stuart; Lieutenant Colonels L. Tiernan Brien and Charles R. Irving; and Major Robert Swan. – – Civil War Soldier Database nps.gov April 1997 Web. 10 May 2013.

Modern-day map of route of Stuart’s ride around McClellan’s army.

Part of the map of the Military Department of Southeastern Virginia and Fort Monroe showing the approaches to Richmond and Petersburg
Creator Bureau of Topographical Engineers ; Abbot, H.L., Capt.
Publication Info Washington : Government Printing Office
Publication Date: 1891. baylor.edu 9 May 1997 Web. 25 May 2013.

June 13-15, 1862 Stuart – Ride around McClellan
Title Map to accompany the report of Brig. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, C.S. Army Commanding Pamunkey expedition to the enemy’s rear June 13, 14 and 15, 1862. Washington: Government Printing Office
Date: 1862/06/15
Publication Date: 1891. baylor.edu 9 May 1997 Web. 25 May 2013.

Map One hundred and fifty miles around Richmond
Contributor Names: Magnus, Charles.
Created / Published: New York : C. Magnus, [ca. 1863?]
The Library of Congress: American Memory. “Maps Collection.” 27 Oct. 2009 Web. 10 Sept. 2010.

Map of the seat of war around Richmond
Contributor Names: Butlers, B. F.; Gensoul, A. (Adrien); Pacific Map Depot.
The Library of Congress: American Memory. “Maps Collection.” 27 Oct. 2009 Web. 10 Sept. 2010.

The Official Record of the War of the Rebellion; Series I, Volume XI (11) in three parts; Part I. Reports. Chapter XXIII (23). Report No. 21 “Report of Brig. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, C. S. Army, commanding in Cavalry Brigade.” Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Print. pp. 1036-1040.

The Official Record of the War of the Rebellion; Series I, Volume XI (11) in three parts; Part I. Reports. Chapter XXIII (23). Report No. 21 “Report of Brig. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, C. S. Army, commanding in Cavalry Brigade.” Cornell Digital Library cornell.edu 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

Von Borcke, Heros from Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, October, 1865. “Part II Memoirs of the Confederate War for Independence, by Heros Von Borcke, Chief of Staff to General J.E.B Stuart.” Vol. XCVIII. Edinburg, London, UK: William Blackwood & Sons. Print pp. 389-436.

Von Borcke, Heros from Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, October, 1865. “Part II Memoirs of the Confederate War for Independence, by Heros Von Borcke, Chief of Staff to General J.E.B Stuart.” Google Books. 15 August 2006 Web. 18 April 2014. – p. 402.

Report of General Robert E. Lee, C.S. Army, commanding Army of Northern Virginia; Report of Brig. Gen. Wade Hampton, C.S. Army, commanding Cavalry Brigade. p. 12. Cornell Digital Library cornell.edu. 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

wikipedia.org July 2001 Web. 10 May 2013:
Newton D. Baker Jr.
Battle of Meadow Bridge
Siege of Yorktown
Historic_Fairfax_County_Courthouse

REFERENCES: Family ties

George R. Lucas
Birth 4 AUG 1840 • Jefferson County, Virginia, USA
Death 13 JAN 1865 • Shepherdstown, Jefferson, West Virginia, USA.

1850 Census
Name George Lucas
Age 10
Birth Year abt 1840
Birthplace Virginia
Home in 1850 Shepherdstown, Jefferson, Virginia
Gender Male
Family Number 367
Household Members
Name Age
Louis Lucas 40
Ellen Lucas 32
George Lucas 10
Edward Lucas 8
Lewis Lucas 6
Franklin Lucas 2
Frances London 15
Catharine Reynders 18
ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 4 September 2012.

George R. Lucas’ Service Record
fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 1 December 2015.

George R. Lucas’s father, Lewis Lucas was a boatmen with $2000 in real estate in 1850 and is shown on the Census tables as next to Prudence Conly hotel on Princess Street. – fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 1 December 2015.

Census – US Federal 1860
… Virginia › Jefferson › Shepherdstown › Page 81
Lucas, Lewis (b. ~1808) lived in Daniel Entler’s hotel as a constable of town alone. fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 1 December 2015.

Lewis Lucas
Birth 31 MAR 1806 • Virginia
Death 15 JUL 1878 • Jefferson, West Virginia, USA. ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 4 September 2012.

Harpers Ferry Constitutionalist – June 5th, 1839.
Marriage. Capt. Lewis Lucas to Ellen Reynolds

Alexander Mason Evans M.D.
Birth 30 NOV 1842 • Hedgesville, West Virginia, USA
Death 16 OCT 1899 • Jefferson County, West Virginia, USA.

Name Mason Evans
Age 7
Birth Year abt 1843
Birthplace Virginia
Home in 1850 District 9, Berkeley, Virginia
Gender Male
Family Number 1464
Household Members
Name Age
Eveline Evans 38
Mason Evans 7
ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 4 September 2012.

Harriot Lowndes SCOLLAY
1843–1911
Birth 11 MAY 1843 • Jefferson County, West Virginia, USA
Death 28 FEB 1911 • Middleway, Jefferson County, West Virginia, USA

Death of Father Samuel SCOLLAY(1781–1857)
11 Jan 1857 • Smithfield, Jefferson, Virginia. ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 4 September 2012.

1860 Census Middleway – p. 56.
Scollay, Sarah P (b. ~1802)
Scollay, Harriet L (b. ~1843)
Scollay, Mary N (b. ~1845)
fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 1 December 2015.

Harriot Scollay Evans
Added by: Keith McDonald
Cemetery Photo – findagrave.com 5 December 1998 Web. 1 December 2015.

Image Credits – Newton Baker’s Remarkable Son:

Street Scene – Young men, Shepherdstown, 1866 – courtesy the Historic Shepherdstown Museum.

President_Woodrow_Wilson_portrait_December_2_1912
wikipedia.org 17 July 2001 Web. 12 July 2015.

Newton_Baker,_Bain_bw_photo_portrait
wikipedia.org 17 July 2001 Web. 12 July 2015.

young Newton D. Baker Jr.
Cramer, C. H. (1961). “Newton D. Baker, a biography.” Cleveland, OH: World Pub. Co. Print.

Cramer, C. H. (1961). “Newton D. Baker, a biography.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2011.

Veterans Medical Center, Martinsburg, WV. 2015.

Confederate Service Records – Newton D. Baker, p. 22.