Chewy Morsel #7 – “Transgender” Folk Have Always Been With Us . . . Really by Jim Surkamp

by Jim Surkamp on May 17, 2016 in Jefferson County

An.Unusual.Fiddler1

In 1859, a man with a naturalist bent took work on a canal boat on the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal. The author is still unidentified, but their diary, detailed and numbering in thousands of words, was recovered and published by Thomas F.Hahn, a long-time president of the C&O Canal Commission, because of its extraordinary factual content.

Remarkably there is an episode described of an encounter with an atypical person. You may have thought that people who are “transgender” or “”non-binary” or “gender-fluid” are an anomaly. Read on.

I was on the shore grooming the mules when a (strange) person came walking down the canal carrying a fiddle under its arm and went on board the boat. (The visitor) had a dabbled calico dfress with skirts hanging straight down which was more noticeable, as hoops were then in the height of fashion. Tommy was aboard and entertained the visitor but I kept an eye on the object. After talking with Tommy a while (the visitor) played him a tune or two and went on their way. I afterward learned their history. It seems that when (the visitor) was born it was a serious question whether (the visitor) should be called Abby or John, but it was finally decided to call them Abby and by that name (the visitor) was christened and the mistake was not found out until it was too late, but from the time the child could speak it protested by word and action and now grown to full stature (the visitor) was a veritable vagabond traveling around the village with fiddle, a palm-leaf hat, whiskers, heavy bass voice and dressed in petticoats.

Chewy Morsel #6 – “What Am I?!” – Harpers Ferry, Va. April 19, 1861 – David Hunter Strother

by Jim Surkamp on April 26, 2016 in Jefferson County

Chewy_Morsel_6_Title_MontageFINAL

Watching his country – a rising power – fall apart in a glance made David Hunter Strother on the morning of April 19th, 1861 at Harpers Ferry, Virginia give out a Shakespearean howl at the dawn.

Mingling with friends from childhood the night before – rapidly un-friending – Strother watched, appalled, the movement of the Virginia militia to capture the prize of the U.S. Armory and arsenal at Harpers Ferry. Their martial purpose became moot and dramatically ceased when the armory was exploded and fired by another hand, that of its Federal commander.

The United States no more.

article-2356524-1AAAF17F000005DC-309_1024x615_large


Aging Veterans of the American Revolution
Before the war, households North and South had one aging relative and wise one – a revered, often rough and strong voice, who bore always witness to the First Revolution for Independence and its promise. Some households – and those at the White House – saw the Civil War as a test of the mettle of the world’s first empire-size republic. Others in the South widely embraced the notion of the Civil War as being the Second War of Independence against a tyrant. The immediate invasion by Federal forces into Virginia suggested this, but the decisive underlying issue was always the endorsement of the enslavement a human being.

Witness to the Extinction:

D_H_Strother_Named


David Hunter Strother, then newly married and a successful illustrator and writer for Harpers New Monthly Magazine, recorded the epochal moment in April, 1861 in Jefferson County, Virginia. A vote had concluded at the Virginia Secession Convention in favor of Secession. One of the county’s two delegates voted against and one, who superintended the Federal Armory, was absent at the vote, being en route back to the Harpers Ferry. The vote was conditioned on a statewide referendum, scheduled for May 23rd, but a group of secessionists had met earlier at a hotel in Richmond and put in motion a plan to capture the Armory at Harpers Ferry and also at the port in Norfolk, amounting basically to a premature action, or a coup.

Strother wrote later:

I took the train and proceeded to Charlestown. Here there was as much excitement as at Harpers Ferry, but among a different class of people, and consequently less noisy and vulgar in its demonstrations. . .

Lawson_Botts_Matte


I had scarcely got through greeting the friends I had come to visit when I was waited on by Captain Lawson Botts, an officer of the regiment, a citizen highly esteemed for his general intelligence and probity, . . . Calling me aside, in a manner which evidenced great and painful excitement, he asked: “what I thought of the present state of affairs?”

. . . If any thing I could say would prevent Captain Botts, or any of my young friends and kinsmen whom I had seen under arms, from taking the final step which I was assured would be fatal to them, I certainly would not permit any trifling punctilio to interfere with a full expression of my views. I told him that I considered the whole movement an atrocious swindle, contrived by a set of desperate and unprincipled conspirators at Richmond, who, fearing that their treasonable schemes would be denounced by the people at the polls, had determined to plunge the State irrevocably into a war with the General Government. . . .Without hoping to gain his acquiescence in my views, – p. 9.

I was nevertheless gratified to perceive that what I said made its impression upon Captain Botts. Educated at a Southern college, the narrow political ideas so sedulously inculcated at those schools still combated the more liberal and national teachings of his maturer life.

(Later the same evening as the militia continued its movement towards the Harper Ferry armory): I could perceive that Captain Botts was as much disappointed as myself, and before parting he urged me to accompany them to the rendez-vous, with the expression of a vague hope that I might use some influence, even there, to avert the commission of a deed which he abhorred from his inmost soul. I promised to follow them. The regiment moved off, and after dinner I walked down the turnpike to Halltown, four miles distant from Charlestown. Here I found the troops halted, awaiting reinforcements, which were reported on the march from various quarters to join them.

Chewy_Morsel_6_Halltown

(Turner) Ashby who had greeted me so frankly in the morning, now passed with averted face. As we supped together at a neighboring farmhouse, he studiously avoided exchanging words or looks with me. I was glad that we had understood each other without the scandal of an open quarrel. (A courier arrived with official written orders from Richmond authorizing the militia to seek to capture the armory. This was despite the fact that the vote to secede the day prior had first to be ratified by a referendum. Strother had been arguing successfully for restraint up to that juncture when the written order arrived.- JS). He continued:

Chewy_Morsel_6.3


The men, flattered with the idea of being foremost in the enterprise, sprung to arms and formed their column with alacrity.

It was quite dark, and as I passed out of the house Captain Botts took my arm, and in an agitated manner inquired what I thought now of the posture of affairs. – p. 10.

I asked if he was sure the order which had arrived was not a forgery. He was fully assured of its authenticity. Botts said:

“Yet I hold my commission from the State and am bound to obey the orders of the Governor,” said the Captain (Botts). “What would you have me do?”

Strother: Can any miserable local functionary have the right to order a free citizen to commit a crime against his country?

My friend listened without essaying to reply, but sat with his elbows resting on his knees and covering his face with his clenched hands.

When I concluded he rose and in a voice of anguish exclaimed: “Great God! I would willingly give my life to know at this moment what course I ought to pursue, and where my duty lies!” With this he hurried to join the column, which was already in motion.

Airstream camping in Oregon’s Outback near Silver Lake and Christmas Valley.
The stars twinkled clear and chill overhead, while the measured tread of the men and an occasional half-whispered word of command were the only sounds that broke the stillness.

. . . (Around 9 PM) The troops were now marching up the southern slope of the hill, since called Bolivar Heights, the crest of which was covered with pine woods and dense thickets of undergrowth. . . .To my surprise the march was unmolested, and they moved on to the cemetery at the forks of the road above the village of Bolivar. . . .It appeared that instead of three thousand expected by Ashby, only three hundred and forty had been assembled, including the cavalry and some artillerists with an old six-pounder from Charlestown. – p. 11.

Chewy_Morsel_6.8


While the officers were discoursing and looking toward the town there was a sudden flash that illuminated for miles around the romantic gorge where the rivers meet. Then followed a dull report, reverberating from mountain-to-mountain until it died away in a sullen roar. The flashes and detonations were several times repeated; then a steadier flame was seen rising from two distinct points, silently and rapidly increasing in volume until each rock and tree on Loudoun and Maryland Heights were distinctly visible, and the now overclouded sky was ruddy with the sinister glare. This occurred, I think, between 9 and 10 o’clock PM. For the moment all was excitement and conjecture. . . . The more skillful presently guessed the truth, and concluded that the officer in command had set fire to the arsenals and abandoned the town. . . . (See References)

Quietly withdrawing from the circle of acquaintances with whom I was conversing, I walked down to the town alone, by the Bolivar Road. The Old Arsenal buildings of Shenandoah Street and several of the shops in the Armory enclosure on Potomac Street were in full blaze. The road was alive with men, women, and children hurrying to-and-fro, laden with spoils from the work-shops and soldiers’ barracks. There were women with their arms full of muskets, little girls loaded with sheaves of bayonets, boys dragging cartridge boxes and cross-belts enough to equip a platoon, men with barrels of pork or flour, kegs of molasses and boxes of hard bread on their shoulders or trundling in wheel-barrows.

The ground around the burning buildings was glittering with splinters of glass which had been blown by the explosion of gun powder used to ignite the fires. . . I took my seat upon a barrel and commenced sketching the scene by fire-light, . . . The people were for the most part tongue-tied with terror.

Occasionally a woman would use the privilege of her sex and open her mind pretty freely, abusing Yankees and Southerners alternately and consigning both parties to the bottom of the river. – p. 12.

harpers-ferry_armory_burned

As the night advanced, the streets became more crowded with people from the town and neighborhood, but up to the hour of midnight no troops except Ashby’s squad of horse had made their appearance. By one o’clock the fires had sunk in ashes, when gloomy, chilled and fatigued, I sought a bed at the house of an acquaintance. . . . I did not sleep soundly, and was frequently disturbed during the night by the sound of drums and the tramp of passing squadrons.


April 19, 1861 – Harpers Ferry, Va.
:

On going down into the town this morning I found that there had been considerable accessions to the State forces seven or eight hundred having arrived during the night and morning, while as many more were reported on the way.

Confusion reigned supreme, ably seconded by whisky. The newly-arrived troops having nothing to eat, consoled themselves as usual by getting something to drink. Parties were detailed to search the houses for the arms and public property which had ben carried off the evening before. This search was stoutly resisted by the women, who skirmished after their fashion with the guard, with tongue and broomstick, holding them at bay while their husbands endeavored to conceal the spoils they had acquired.

A rough estimate of the night’s work showed that about sixteen thousand muskets had perished by the burning of the arsenals, and that one building (the carpenter shop) of the Potomac Armory had also been destroyed.


Realization
:

Chewy_Morsel_6.12


I must confess that I felt this morning like a man wandering in a maze. The future exhibited but a dim and changing vista. Was the experiment of popular government indeed a failure, as our conservatives had been predicting from the commencement? Was Macaulay right when he said that our system would crumble into anarchy upon the first serious trial? If the present Government of the United States, as many maintain, and as its own attitude of late seems to admit, has neither the right to punish privy conspiracy, nor the power to defend itself against factious aggression, then why should we regret its overthrow? Let the impotent imposture perish, and the American people will speedily establish a more respectable and manly system on its ruins.

While indulging in these speculations my attention was directed to the flag-staff which stood in the yard of the Old Arsenal. The national standard had been lowered, and in its place floated the State flag of Virginia. It would be difficult to describe the mingled emotions excited in my mind by this simple incident.

ambrym_volcano_vanuatu_photo_wiki


Once in my early youth I visited the crater of Vesuvius, and, venturing down the interior slope for some distance, I found myself upon a projecting cliff of lava. Here I stood for a time looking curiously down upon the sea of smoke that concealed every thing around and beneath, when a sudden breeze rolled the clouds away and for a moment my eyes beheld the hideous gulf that yawned below. A pit whose sulfurous horrors and immeasurable depth were revealed only by the glare of lurid flames and boiling lava whose appalling aspect paralyzed the senses like the grasp of a nightmare.

Chewy_Morsel_6.10


A sight which memory never recalls without the shudder that accompanied its first revelation. So it seemed that the sudden gust of emotion, excited by the lowering of our starry flag, had swept away the mists of speculation and revealed in its depth and breadth the abyss of degradation opened by secession.

Chewy_Morsel_6.11


Yesterday I was a citizen of the great American republic. My country spanned a continent. Her northern border neared the frigid zone while her southern limit touched the tropics. Her eastern and her western shores were washed by the two great oceans of the globe. Her commerce covering the most remote seas, her flag honored in every land. The strongest nations acknowledged her power, and the most enlightened honored her attainments in art, science, and literature. Her political system, the cherished ideal toward whose realization the noblest aspirations and efforts of mankind have been directed for ages. The great experiment which the pure and wise of all nations are watching with trembling solicitude and imperishable hope. It was something to belong to such a nationality. Something to be able, in following one’s business or pleasure, to travel to-and-fro without question or hindrance, to take red-fish in the Mexican Gulf or trout in the Great Lakes, to chase deer in the Alleghenies or adventure among grizzly bears in the Rocky Mountains, and every where to remember, as you inflated your lungs with the free air. This is my country. It was something, when questioned of ones
p. 14.
nationality in foreign lands, perhaps by the subject of a petty monarchy or obscure principality, the impoverished and degraded fraction of a once powerful empire, ruined by the madness of faction, local ignorance, and secession. It was something, in replying to such inquiry, to feel ones heart swelling with imperial pride such as moved the ancient Roman in the days when he could quell the insolence of barbaric kings with the simple announcement, “Civis Romanus sum.” This was yesterday.

To-day, what am I? A citizen of Virginia. Virginia, a petty commonwealth with scarcely a million of white inhabitants. What could she ever hope to be but a worthless fragment of the broken vase? A fallen and splintered column of the once glorious temple. But I will not dwell longer on the humiliating contrast. Come harness up the buggy and let us get out of this or I shall suffocate.
– p. 16.

Carriage_Feb_1855_Harpers_Strother_P_289

Made possible with the generous, community-minded support of American Public University System. Views in these posts and related videos do not reflect in any way the modern-day policies of the University. More:

References:

Strother, David H. “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 33, Issue: 193, June, 1866. pp. 1-26. Print.

Strother, David H. (June, 1866). “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harpers Magazine. 7 May 2008. Web. 20 Oct. 2010.

Strother, David H. (1961). “A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War. The Diaries of David Hunter Strother.” edited by Cecil D. Eby, Jr. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.
Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010.

Imboden, John D. “Jackson at Harper’s Ferry in 1861.”
“Battles and Leaders Vol. 1.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010.

“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 2”. (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co. Print.
pp. 111-118.

At about one or two o’clock in the afternoon of the 18th, being satisfied that an attack would be made, I destroyed the bridge over the canal which supplies the water-power, so as to make it as difficult as possible for an assaulting party, and Captain Kingsbury removed the powder from the magazine building, which was a quarter or half a mile away, into the armory, and later in the evening, about sundown, I think, made preparations to destroy the workshops of the armory proper. The rifle works were situated half a mile up the Shenandoah from the main works, where the troops were, and were left undestroyed; no attempt to destroy them being made for the reason that it would probably have led to the defeat of the plan which had been formed, as I was surrounded by spies and persons in the interest of the rebel cause, who watched every movement and everything that was done. I feared that by attempting too much I should fail in everything, and therefore confined myself to what I was certain could be accomplished. . . . I was directed to report to Lieutenant General Scott for verbal instructions. I was informed by him that my assignment to duty at the armory was only temporary; that a permanent superintendent would be appointed in a few days, and that it was his intention to order a regiment thither as soon as one could be spared for the purpose. I arrived at Harper’s Ferry in the evening of the day on which I received the order, and soon after had an interview with Lieutenant (now Major) Roger Jones, in command of the detachment stationed there. In that interview I suggested that, in case of an attack by a considerable force, it might become necessary to destroy the arms. He concurred with me in this opinion, and added that Major Hunt and himself had come to the same conclusion. The next morning I assumed control of the establishment. The operations were continued as usual in the shops until the arrival of the morning train from the east. On that train came the late superintendent, a delegate to the Richmond convention, with a few friends, and their advent seemed to be the signal for a disloyal demonstration on the part of a crowd in attendance at the depot. The cry “Virginia will take care of Harper’s Ferry” was loudly and defiantly uttered. The excitement soon extended to the shops and throughout the village. As the demonstration increased in volume it was deemed advisable to test the loyalty of the workmen, who had previously been organized into companies for the defence of the place. Work was suspended, the men were assembled, and all who were faithful to their allegiance and ready to protect the property of the United States were directed to assemble with their companies at one o’clock p. m., at the armory. This order was received with general applause, and the men dispersed, as was supposed, to make preparations for the meeting; but the hour arrived and brought with it no such force as had been expected. Many of the men were there and a few officers; but it was found impossible to collect a force that would have inspired any confidence against the approaching enemy. I was satisfied, from the experiment, that however loyal the men might be at heart, either from disaffected officers, or from an uncertainty as to the preponderating sentiment in the neighborhood, as a body they were not prepared to take a decided stand against the State of Virginia. Though the companies could not be formed, many individuals volunteered for such duty as they might be able to perform, and at a subsequent period in the day others offered their services, all of whom were posted about the buildings, or so as to watch the approaches on that side of the town from which the enemy was expected. About 3 o’clock p. m., a report was brought that three Virginia companies were marching from Charlestown to the Ferry. A mounted man was sent off to ascertain the facts, who reported, on his return that the companies had halted at Halltown, a few miles from the village, apparently waiting to be reinforced. Information had previously been received by telegraph from General Scott that a large force was on its way from Richmond, by the Manassas Gap railroad, with the supposed object of capturing the armory, and it had also been ascertained that the agents of the railroad to Winchester had been specially instructed to keep the track clear that night, which was an unusual order, as no night trains were habitually run upon that road.

Having learned in the morning that the powder belonging to the armory was in the magazine on the heights, I had directed that it be brought down to the armory, where it was deposited in a room adjoining that occupied by Major Jones’s detachment. The government powder was in packages of one hundred pounds each, and could not be conveyed to the storehouses containing the arms without revealing the fact and perhaps the object. Fortunately there were several smaller kegs which had been brought thither by John Brown, and which could be easily rolled up in the men’s bed sacks without exposure, and transferred to the buildings in which the arms were stored. This was accordingly done; the boxes containing the arms were so arranged as to be most favorable to ignition, the faggots were piled, and the powder distributed ready for the application of the fire. It should be remarked that, in the arrangement of the powder, care was taken to prevent, as far as practicable, any injury to private dwellings or their occupants by the explosion.

As the object of the force ordered from Richmond was plainly the seizure of the arms, their destruction was considered of the first importance, and a failure not to be hazarded by a diversion of the means to other parts of the establishment. As before stated, the government powder could not be distributed throughout the buildings without revealing its character and object, and as it was not deemed prudent to communicate the programme for the night to the operatives, it became necessary to rely upon the natural combustibility of the material for the destruction of the workshops and machinery.

Between 9 and 10 o’clock p. m. a gentleman arrived from the country and informed Major Jones that about two thousand men were within a few miles of the ferry for the purpose of capturing the armory. This confirmed the intelligence previously received; and, to baffle their efforts to secure possession of the arms, no time was to be lost. The match was accordingly applied to the train already laid in the arsenals, and to the combustible materials in the carpenters’ shop, and to the room containing the gun-stocks. The former were soon in a blaze; the last named was of difficult ignition, the flames at no time having obtained such a mastery as not to yield readily to the efforts of those who sought to extinguish them.

As I had been at the place but about twenty-four hours, I was not familiar with the arrangement or extent of the fire apparatus, which proved to be more effective and complete than had been supposed. For several minutes after the conflagration commenced, and after the departure of Jones’s detachment, the streets of the village appeared deserted. At length one man, more daring than his neighbors, made his appearance, rushed into one of the burning arsenals, and hauled therefrom into the street a box of arms, which he at once opened. On finding that it did not contain the rifle muskets, he rushed again towards the building for the probable purpose of trying his luck upon another, when the first discharge of John Brown’s powder caused him to recoil, and it is believed that no further attempts were made to enter the arsenal buildings before the contents were destroyed. In the meantime large crowds had gathered near the workshops, and were industriously engaged in subduing the flames, in which they succeeded before any very serious injury had been done to the machinery. . . . It is probable that not less than fifteen thousand stand of arms of various kinds were destroyed. The statement which, I understand, has been furnished from the Ordnance office must greatly underrate the number by assuming, perhaps, that issues had been made on orders which had not been executed. Of those packed and stored in the arsenals very few were recovered; possibly a thousand were scattered about in the shops, and fell into the hands of the rebels. The arms consisted of rifles, muskets, and rifle muskets, but in what relative proportions I am unable to state. . . . The detachment of regulars, under Major Jones, consisted of about fifty men, and constituted the only force on which much reliance could have been placed to resist an attack. Satisfactory evidence had been received that nearly two thousand men were advancing to assail the place; the odds would thus have been forty to one, and the statement of this fact would seem to convey a fitting reply to the question.
Col. Charles Kingsbury, U.S.A., testimony (Kingsbury was the captain of ordinance at Harpers Ferry in April, 1861).
Destruction of the Harpers Ferry Armory. Extracts from Senate Rep. Com. No. 37, 37th Cong., 2d Sess. April 18, 1862.
wvculture.org 2 March 2000 Web. 1 January 2016.

Image Credits:

Waving American Flag
wjcu.org 11 April 2003 Web. 1 January 2016.

Virginia State Flag in the 1860s
wikipedia.org 27 July 2001 Web. 1 January 2016.

Lawson Botts
S. Edward Grove, Souvenir… and Guide Book of Harper’s Ferry. Antietam and South Mountain… Battlefields (Martinsburg, WV: Thompson Brothers, 1898), 38.
Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010.
p. 38.

housedivided.dickinson.edu 6 October 2008 Web. 1 January 2016.

David Hunter Strother
northforkwatershed.org 3 August 2003, Web. 1 January 2016.

[Harper’s Ferry, W. Va. Ruins of arsenal]
loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 1 January 2016.

The Virginian 1775 The Virginian 1861 – Harper’s Weekly May 18, 1861, p. 316

Faces of the men who won America’s independence: Amazing early photos of heroes of the Revolutionary War in their old age
dailymail.co.uk 4 May 1998 Web. 1 January 2016.

“The Rendezvous of the Virginians at Halltown, Virginia, 5 P.M., on April 18, 1861, to March on Harper’s Ferry. Sketched by D. H. Strother

Drawings of David Hunter Strother, A&M 2894
lib.wvu.edu 17 October 2014 Web. 1 January 2016.

Boiling lava in the Marum crater, in September, 2009.
geographic.org 25 January 1999 Web. 1 January 2016.

Map of Harper’s Ferry
“Battles and Leaders Vol. 1.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010.

“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 2”. (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co. Print.
p. 115.

33-Star-Fort_Sumter_Flag
wikipedia.org 27 July 2001 Web. 1 January 2016.

The Many Lives of Moses Baylor (1825 – 1910s) Pt. 1 by Jim Surkamp

by Jim Surkamp on June 11, 2016 in Jefferson County

(Thanks to Jane Ailes and Michael Musick for providing key information. – JS)

Made possible with the generous, community-minded support of American Public University System. The views within posts of civilwarscholars.com do not in any reflect the modern policies of the University. To learn more, click here.

The_Many_Lives_of_Moses_Baylor_Montage

Moses Baylor was born an enslaved African-American in June, 1825 in Jefferson County, likely on the farm off Darke Lane, occupied by John O’Bannon and the aging Joshua Burton and his wife, Elizabeth. – (See Note 1)

Before Moses was born in 1825, Joshua Burton was getting along with his 66-year old “relic” (wife) Elizabeth and six persons held in servitude, three of whom were under fourteen years. John and Ruth O’Bannon, who were both in their mid-thirties did the farming. – p. 101, 1820 Census; Tombstone Inscriptions, p. 24. (See Note 2).

Among those who would eventually work the 306 acres of John O’Bannon or served in the house were those enslaved by Burton: Moses, William, (also born in the mid-1820s), the older Tom and Nancy. Betsey, who would be born about 1831. – P. 385. Appraisement 9/16/1839 Will Book Volume:9.

John_H_Smith_Map_Sidney_Mount-_MONTAGE


John H. Smith, who lived nearby at Meadow Green farm just east of Middleway and south of the Pike, kept a diary with musings on the mystical connection between the soil, the land, and the farmer, fortunate enough to call a piece of land his own, especially when passed down through the generations of farmers within one family. Such a divine bond to one’s “own soil” is just what those enslaved longed for.

Smith wrote:

John_H_Smith_The_Farmer_FINAL

The man who stands upon his own soil who feels that by the laws of the land in which he lives . . . he is the rightful and exclusive owner of the land which he tills . . . He feels – other things being equal – more strongly than another the character of man as the Lord of the Inanimate world. Of the great and wonderful sphere which, formed by the hand of God and upheld by his power – is rolling through the heavens. A portion is his, his from the center to the sky. It is the place on which the generation before him moved in its rounds of duties, and he feels himself connected by a visible link with those who proceeded him, as he is also to those who will follow him and to whom he is to transmit a home. Perhaps his farm has come down to him from his father. They have gone to their last home, but he can trace their footsteps over the scene of his daily labors. The roof which shelters him was scored by those to whom he owes his own being.

Some interesting domestic tradition is connected with every (illegible). His favorite first tree was planted by his father’s hand. He sported in his boyhood beside the brook which still winds through the meadow. Through the fields lies the path to the village school of earlier days. He still hears from his window – the voice of the sabbath bell, which called his father and his forefathers to the house of God and here at hand is the spot where his parents laid down to rest, and where, when his time is come, he shall be laid by his children. These are the feelings of the man of the soil. Words cannot paint them. Gold cannot buy them. . . – – pp. 112-113 from “The diary (1847-1856) of John Henry Smith of Smithfield (now Middleway).” Perry, Thornton Tayloe (1892-1981), collector, Jefferson Co., W. Va. miscellaneous volumes, 1793-1929. 39 items. Mss1, P4299b36-39. Near to the end of Reel 27.

A friend of Joshua Burton and increasingly prosperous farmer was James Grantham (1793-1861), who in 1822 was using bricks burned on the property to build what would be Tudor Hall, (still in the family in 2016, but partially rebuilt). The brook and family graveyard written about by John Smith are immediately to the west of Tudor Hall: Turkey Run and a graveyard for the first three generations of the Granthams. With his wife, Phebe Fidelia LaRue Grantham (1799-1867), James Grantham would work amassing farm real estate worth over $60,000 in period dollars by 1860, some five homesteads across the southern sweep of Jefferson County. – p. 28-29, Jefferson County Historical Society Magazine, 1956.

By 1838, the aging, increasingly feeble Joshua Burton recognized he needed a man like his friend and neighbor Grantham to settle his estate. His wife died that August. Both John O’Bannon and his wife Ruth died young in their 47th and 46th years respectively back in late 1830. John O’Bannon left his 306 acres to his sons. – Burton Will, WB 9, page 344.

Burton was at the farm with Nancy, Tom, William, Moses and Betsey, who he now wanted to be as free as the farmer who owned his own land. – WB 9, p. 385, Joshua Burton Appraisement.

An_October_Day_Lamson_Henry_Moses_John_H_Smith

John Smith wrote a reflection about Autumn in his diary:
The departing summer ushers in “the golden pomp of Autumn.” The promises of spring have been fulfilled and man gathers in the rich products of his toil. On all sides there is joy while the just tributes of promise ascend from many a grateful heart. It is the season of maturity and decay. The leaves of the forest are robed in their most gorgeous dyes preparatory to their fall. “The harvest is past” and the color and serenity of the Indian Summer soon gave way to the gloom of winter. – Smith diary, p. 99.

On October 29, 1839 Joshua Burton wrote:

In the name of God amen, I, Joshua Burton of the County of Jefferson Va., being of feeble but of sound mind and memory . . . do make this my last will and testament in the manner and form following (to wit):

In the first place I will and direct that all my just debts and funeral expenses be paid;

I will and direct that all my slaves be set free at my decease. If I should die possessed with personal property enough to pay my just debts without my slaves and, if I have not enough, my said slaves are all to be hired out until the hires produce enough to pay my debts.

Item 1st – I leave to Courtney Kercheval that sum of fifty dollars to be paid to her at my decease.
Item 2nd – I will and direct that all the remainder of my personal property be equally divided amongst my slaves – and in the last place, I leave my trusted friend James Grantham, my executor to carry this my last will and testament into effect. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal – the 29th day of October in the year of our Lord, 1838.

Small wonder that those who Burton freed took off for Kentucky, disregarding the fine print of the will requiring that they be hired out to pay off any remaining debts of Burton’s.

A judge allowed Grantham seven per cent of the account as commission for “the immense trouble he has given the estate.” Grantham made a $250 trip to Kentucky “after Negroes of the estate, by stages, steam boats and bringing them to the County.”

Betsey_Pages

He also bought nine-year-old Betsey a dress;

Bill_Burton_Pages

new pants & a shirt for eleven-year old Bill “to travel in,” along with two blankets (Bill would be referred to later in James Grantham’s accounts also as “Bill Burton”).

Moses_Baylor_Pages

Grantham also bought a bed for fifteen year old Moses, considered the most valued worker. p. 201; p. 202. Current Account: Burton, Joshua; James Grantham, executor 9/17/1849.

1840-1842 – Smithfield/Middleway, Va.:

So the work began.: As still the executor to Joshua Burton’s estate James Grantham (1793-1861) hires out Betsey, Bill, Moses, Nancy and possibly Tom through 1849 to farms mostly near his own home at Tudor Hall, where he lived with his wife, Phebe (1799-1867) and, for a time, their children, William Samuel (who would die young), John James (1826-1912), Catherine (1838-1909), Caroline (1831-1873), Eliza Cornelia (1835-1905), and Anna Louisa (1828-1910). – Bates, Vol. 2, pp. 44-45.

Montage_Hires_Moses_Baylor

In the following text “JG” is “James Grantham.”

January, 1840: Betsey was hired out to the sons of John O’Bannon at their Darke Lane farm.

Winter_John_H_Smith_1847

John H. Smith wrote of the Winter season in his diary:
In some respects, Winter is a cheerful season. The school-boy shouts wildly with glee, as he speeds over the frozen waters, while the merry music of sleigh bells may be heard on many sides. Its influences, however, are most potent at the social hearth, where the song and jest go round, and where blazing fires bid defiance to the frost King, that the reigns without – But this is only the bright side of the picture. We find nature stripped of all her Summer drapery. The snow is spread as a mantle upon the Meadows, and piled up in the highways. The surly windy howls through the leafless forest and enters the hut of the poor man, through many a crevice, having little pity for the shivering groups who are so poorly guarded against its bitterness. – diary , p. 98.

May, 1842: JG buys new shoes for 17-year-old Moses Baylor for $1.25.

1843 – Smithfield/Middleway, Va.:

January 1, 1843, December 25, 1843, May 25, 1844 – JG duns 29-year-old Smithfield farmer Nathan Barns/Barnes for the $55 owed for a year of hired work by 18-year-old Moses Baylor. – 1850 Census Jefferson County Smithfield, page 356. household 1059.

24 1059 1074 Barns Nathan 36 M WFarmer VA
25 1059 1074 Barns Mary 31 F W VA
26 1059 1074 Barns Lucy 12 F W VA
27 1059 1074 Barns William 11 M W VA
28 1059 1074 Barns Joseph 9 M W VA
29 1059 1074 Barns Eldridge 7 M W VA
30 1059 1074 Barns Sarah 6 F W VA
31 1059 1074 Barns Elizabeth 11 F W VA
32 1059 1074 Barns Mary 3 F W VA
33 1059 1074 Barns Stephen 1 M W VA
– 1850 Federal Census.

All of 1843 – 18-year-old Moses Baylor works at the farm of William Haslett and JG is paid $45 on December 25th.

August, 1843 JG pays $2.25 for pair of shoes for 18-year-old Moses Baylor.

1844-1845 – Betsey at James Coyle’s.

1844 – Smithfield/Middleway, Va.:

Nancy_Pages

January 2, 1844; JG pays $1.50 for shoes for 65-year-old Nancy working for James J. Miller, a 31-year-old merchant in Charlestown. – 1850 Census Jefferson County, Charlestown household No. 17.

August, 1844: JG pays $1.00 for a coat and $1.25 for shoes for 19-year-old Moses Baylor.

1845 – Smithfield/Middleway, Va.:

Bill_Hires_Smaller


January 1, 1845: $22.50 owed to JG for work done by 15-year-old “Bill” for Samuel Ruckles.

January, 1845: JG paid $50 by William Haslett for a year’s work by 20-year-old Moses Baylor.

January, 1845: JG is paid $12 by Joseph Morrow for work by 16-year-old Bill Burton before he ran away and returned to Tudor Hall and put under a doctor’s care. – 1852 Map of Jefferson County, Va. Howell Brown
19 1400 1415 Morrow Joseph 41 M WFarmer 4,280 VA
20 1400 1415 Morrow Rebecca 17 F W VA
21 1400 1415 Morrow John J. 15 M W VA
22 1400 1415 Morrow Joseph R. 13 M W VA
23 1400 1415 Morrow William H. 11 M W VA
– 1850 Federal Census.

February, 1845: JG pays $2 for nailed shoes for 20-year-old Moses Baylor.

March, 1845: JG pays 75 cents for a strong shirt for 20-year-old Moses Baylor.

March, 1845: JG pays $1.75 for cloth for pants for 16-year-old Bill Burton.

July, 1845: JG spent $1.63 to see 65-year-old Nancy at Harper’s Ferry.

1846 – Smithfield/Middleway, Va.:

January, 1846: 66-year-old (approx.) Nancy and JG spend $4.75 to get to Harpers Ferry, and the “bringing of Thomas Johnson.”

March, 1846: JG gives 17-year-old Bill Burton fifty cents to mend some boots.

June, 1846: JG pays 75 cents to 21-year-old Moses Baylor to see 66-year-old Nancy at Harper’s Ferry.

April, 1846: JG pays 75 cents to see 66-year-old Nancy at Harper’s Ferry.

August, 1846: JG pays $2.13 to see 66-year-old Nancy at Harper’s Ferry.

September, 1846: JG paid $1.50 to 21-year-old Moses Baylor to make a new pair of pants from an existing pair of pants.

1847 – Smithfield/Middleway, Va.:

Scythe_William_Sidney_Mount_Moses-1_Matte

April, 1847 – Thirty-year-old farmer John Henry Smith, who hired from James Grantham the help of Bill Burton, still it seems working off debts from Joshua Burton’s estate. Bill worked for Smith at his nearby Meadow Green farm for part of 1847 and for all of 1848 and James Grantham, as the executor of Joshua Burton’s estate, would present Smith with a bill on January 1849 in the amount of $51.90 for Bill’s work for him. – p. 208 – Account, Current: Burton, Joshua; James Grantham, executor 9/17/1849: Jefferson County, WV, Will Book

Spring_Montage_Moses_Baylor

In early 1847, Smith was writing in his farm diary:

SPRING – 1847:

That season in which the sun returns to us from his cold recess, bringeth warmth and renewal in his train, is most expressly denominated by the pure English word “SPRING.” Within the tropics Summer holds a constant sceptre. Vegetable growth has no intermission; it has no spring because it takes no rest. But with us, in the temperate zones, everything to which life or motion belongs and is now roused into activity. This is the jubilee of the year. The fountains are unlocked; the reptiles wake from their long sleep; the earth opens to the plough share; while the buds swell and put forth in all their beauty. A fresh impulse is infused throughout the whole of Nature and Man looks with exuberance to Him, who causeth “the seed time . . .”

APRIL, 1847:

April, 1847 Thomas is buried.

Thursday, April 1st – Rather cool day, at Jacob Gilbert’s for peach trees, in the evening looks like snow.

Friday, April 2nd – Very pretty warm day, planting peach trees.

Saturday, April 3rd – Very warm day, in town, at Mill and Baney’s.

17 851 863 Baney Thaddeus 36 M WMiller 3,500 MD
18 851 863 Banrey Susan 35 F W MD
19 851 863 Baney Thaddeus 8 M W VA
20 851 863 Baney Julia A. 5 F W VA
21 851 863 Baney John J. 9/12 M W VA
22 851 863 Baney Jane 6 F W VA
– 1850 Census

Sunday, April 4th – Cloudy morning at Baney’s and Boyd Roberts. Very pretty day. In the evening at Hardesty’s.

Monday, April 5th – Warm day, making garden. Jim at Charlestown.

Tuesday, April 6th – Cloudy and gusty, raining some little, in cornfield, burning brush. Peach and cherry trees in blossom.

Wednesday, April 7th – Very pretty day. At town until eleven, at home until five. Jake here today.

Thursday, April 8th – Very pretty day. George Strain set in for month at home, in the evening planting potatoes.

Friday, April 9th – At home and helping McIntyre at the Barn. Pretty day, in town in the evening.

Saturday, April 10th – Warm day and in town and at Rosenberger’s Mill for plaisters.

Sunday, April 11th – Cold north wind blowing, at Kearneysville.

Monday, April 12th – Very warm, at home until two, then in town, rode home on Showman’s horse.

Tuesday, April 13th – Cold wind blowing from N.E. and cool, in the evening warm. Putting up spouting.

Wednesday, April 14th – Cool windy in the morning, finished putting up spouting, burning brush . . . until dinner, in the evening at Town at Joseph Smith’s.

Thursday, April 15th – Cold wind from the North, in the evening making board fences.

Friday, April 16th – Cold wind from the West, in the Town with Grantham.

Saturday, April 17th – Cool day, hauling locust posts from the woods, in the evening at the Mill.

Sunday, April 18th – Very cool windy morning and in town, then at Hardesty’s.

Monday, April 19th – Cold and windy, at home until ten o’clock, then at Hardesty’s, in the evening in town, came home with Ada Hardesty.

Tuesday, April 20th – Cloudy, sowing oats in the morning, very hot . . . fox (shot one).

Wednesday, April 21st – Very hot day, at Watson’s.

Summer_Montage_Moses_John_H_Smith

SUMMER – 1847:

Farmer John Smith writes of farm life in 1847, the year he had Bill Burton working with him at Meadow Green:

20 1014 1027 Smith John H. 33 M WFarmer 7,200 VA
21 1014 1027 Smith Margaret G. 35 F W VA
22 1014 1027 Smith William 9 M W VA
23 1014 1027 Smith Eleanor 8 F W VA
24 1014 1027 Smith Ann M. 6 F W VA
25 1014 1027 Smith Mary L. 2 F W VA
26 1014 1027 Smith James V. 11/12 M W VA
27 1014 1027 Young Mary 56 F W VA
– 1850 Federal Census

The commencement of Summer has been termed “the very carnival of Nature.” The bosum of the earth is covered with flowers, and everything around or about us is full of life and vigor. The frosts and damps of spring are gone, the night air is balm and refreshing. The garden and orchard present us with most delicious fruits, tempting to the eye as well as great spice to the palate. But as the heat increases and pregnant showers become necessary to restore the drooping gardens, who can equal the subliminity, the bursting of the thunderclap or who can imitate the gorgeous colors of the rose of promise? “The ringing of scythes is heard in the hay-field, while the grain hops are rapidly whitening for the harvest.”

He continues in his diary:

Thursday, July 29th – Hot this morning, at Robt Shirleys and Cameron’s Depot, got home by 12 o’clock , in the afternoon at Thomson’s Depot (in Summit Point), came home by 6 PM.

Friday, July 30th – Warm, at home, hauling in Oats.

Saturday, July 31st – Hot, surveying with Haslett in morning, (illegible) the ditch with Grantham.

AUGUST, 1847:

Sunday, August 1st, 1847 – Hot and hazy, wind East, at home.

Monday, August 2nd – Warm, in town all day.

Tuesday, August 3rd – Warm, Mr. Yates here today, Jim’s at Machine.

Wednesday, August 4th – Warm, hauling oats in the morning, uncle Jake here in the evening.

Thursday, August 5th – Warm, in the evening in town to execute a Deed with James Grantham.

Friday, August 6th – Raining this morning, thrashing timothy seed in the afternoon at Jas Grantham’s.

Saturday, August 7th – Cloudy, at home until 10 o’clock, then to town and school. 6 PM Election: Dr. Mc (Macoughtry) out to see the Barn at night.

Sunday, August 8th – Cloudy, wind from S.E. This day Roe died at 10 o’clock PM.

Monday, August 9th – Very hot day, a good shower. This day will never be forgotten by Me, while I am alive. Benny was out in his last carting place at about 5 PM.

Tuesday, August 10th – Very hot day at Riely’s sale. This night tremendous rain. George Gilbert and wife here tonight.

Wednesday, August 11th – Warm this morning, Wind from S.E., at Jas Grantham’s, thence to John Dalgarn’s, then town to wait for mail.

Thursday, August 12th – Warm, at home all day.

Friday, August 13th – Warm, a good shower, at Dalgarns, Sale.

16 746 755 Dalgarn John W. 34 M WFarmer – 1850 Census
– 1850 Federal Census

Saturday, August 14th – Very hot at home until 2 o’clock, at Jacob Gilbert’s at Rosenberger’s Mill, came home.

Sunday, August 15th – Foggy.

Monday, August 16th – Hot, at home until 4 o’clock, then in town, heavy rain, at Grantham’s.

Tuesday, August 17th – Hot, hauling stone. Miss Waugh gone home today.

17 1013 1026 Waugh Elizabeth 65 F W
– 1850 Federal Census

Wednesday, August 17th – Pleasant day, at Joseph Smith’s in the morning at Charlestown, got home by seven PM.

Thursday, August 19th – Pretty morning, Sinclair’s billy here. Uncle Jake here, in town in the after.

Friday, August 20th – At home until 2 o’clock, Winds from S.E.

Saturday, August 21st – Cool morning at a small Barn at Ed Riely’s.

Sunday, August 22st – Raining this morning, Joe Packett and wife here this evening, and Mr. Barns here all night.

12 746 755 Packett Joseph G 36 M WMerchant VA
13 746 755 Packett Isabella 22 F W VA
14 746 755 Packett Margaret 4 F W VA
15 746 755 Packett John J. 2 M W VA
16 746 755 Dalgarn John W. 34 M WFarmer
– 1850 Federal Census.

Barns Family in 1852 lived on John Chamberlain Farm – SOURCE: Spirit of Jefferson, September 21, 1852, FARM FOR SALE. P3c7

24 1059 1074 Barns Nathan 36 M WFarmer VA
25 1059 1074 Barns Mary 31 F W VA
26 1059 1074 Barns Lucy 12 F W VA
27 1059 1074 Barns William 11 M W VA
28 1059 1074 Barns Joseph 9 M W VA
29 1059 1074 Barns Eldridge 7 M W VA
30 1059 1074 Barns Sarah 6 F W VA
31 1059 1074 Barns Elizabeth 11 F W VA
32 1059 1074 Barns Mary 3 F W VA
33 1059 1074 Barns Stephen 1 M W VA
– 1850 Federal Census.

Monday, August 23rd – Foggy early this morning, In the Meadow with Walter (Shirley) and his hand mowing. In the evening rode to town with him and Lock, a show tonight in the school of “sleight of hand” and “Negro songs.” Showers tonight. Came out of Town with John Shirley.

Tuesday, August 24th – Warm in Meadows all day. In evening rode to Town with Lock in wagon.

Wednesday, August 25th – Warm in town until one o’clock getting calf muzzle, in afternoon in Meadow with Walter and Lock. They finished mowing today.

Thursday, August 26th – at Bunker Hill, Buckles town and at Baney’s, got to town by 5 o’clock.

34 1378 1393 Buckles William 37 M WFarmer 6,500 VA
35 1378 1393 Buckles Ann 23 F W VA
36 1378 1393 Buckles Mary A. 4 F W VA
37 1378 1393 Buckles John H. 2 M W VA
38 1378 1393 Buckles William N. 2 M W VA
– 1850 Federal Census

Friday, August 27th – Warm, hauling in Hay, in evening a heavy rain.

Saturday, August 28th – Raining this morning, in the afternoon in Town to see show.

Sunday, August 29th – At home, in the morning in town. Windy. Lucy here today.

Monday, August 30th – In town this morning, in afternoon in town again, went down the run with Lock. Windy.

Tuesday, August 31st – Very hot day at Jacob Gilbert’s, Granthams.

SEPTEMBER, 1847:

Wednesday, September 1st – at Jacob Gilbert’s, very hot day.

Thursday, September 2nd – at Jacob’s, came to town by 2 o’clock, got home at seven evening.

Friday, September 3rd – Very hot day with a party fishing with a seine.

Saturday, September 4th – Very hot day, in town had a saddle to ? with Showalter, came home about one o’clock with William.

Sunday, September 5th – Hot with a strong wind from the south. Lock out today. Mowing at Packett’s.

Monday, September 6th – Very hot, at home, not well, in the evening in town.

Tuesday, September 7th – Hot day at home still sick, Mrs. Barns here today

Wednesday, September 8th – In bed all day, sick. Very hot day.

Thursday, September 9th – In bed sick, Uncle Jack here today, a heavy rain by evening.

Friday, September 10th – Cool, windy morning, was this morning walking about, in the evening in bed with chill.

Saturday, September 11th – Raining, a procession at Wise(?)

Sunday, September 12th – Raining, at Barns and Jim Mecht., David Ogden.

Monday, September 13th – Pretty day, James Haslett here.

Tuesday, September 14th – In bed, chill day

Wednesday, September 15th – Warm day, in woods, first daybeen out since I have been sick. In town in afternoon with Jake.

Thursday, September 16th – At home in afternoon rode to town to take Dick to get shod.

Friday, September 17th – Warm with an eastern wind, going Robert Shaull’s for sold wheat. In evening in town.

Saturday, September 18th – East winds, Jim ploughing in lot by House.

Sunday, September 19th – at home all day.

Monday, September 20th – Cloudy, Geo Myers cutting logs, hauled Mr. Brown a load of wood in the evening.

Tuesday, September 21st – Pretty day, hauling wood to town, and brought some seed wheat from Uncle Jake’s

Wednesday, September 22nd – Warm, at Ran Kownslar’s withBaylor and Joe Crane. Jim hauling stone for Beckwith.

Thursday, September 23rd – At Baney’s, T. B. Shawley for seed Wheat. Cloudy day, commenced raining about dark.

Friday, September 24th – Raining hard.

Saturday, September 25th – Cloudy with N.W. Winds. At Kownslar’s for wheat.

Sunday, September 26th – Pretty morning, at home rode by Walter Shirley’s.

Monday, September 27th – At Watson’s Mill and Shawley for seed Wheat. Warm day.

Tuesday, September 28th – Windy.


1848 – Smithfield/Middleway
:

January, 1848: 67-year-old (approx.) Nancy’s foot is burned, while living at Harper’s Ferry. JG spends $6.13 to visit her and to assist.

March 25, 1848: JG has 23-year-old Moses Baylor take $5 to 68-year-old Nancy at Harper’s Ferry.

May 1, 1848: JG outlays 50 cents to 19-year-old Bill for washing.

June 16, 1848: JG outlays $5 to Nancy “to help her along.”

July, 1848: Boarding and tending to Bill during a sickness means a $3 expense applied to the Burton account.

September 1, 1848: JG draws from the account $1.50 for additional support for Nancy.

To be continued Part 2 Moses Baylor gets free, goes to Liberia, sails back 1850-1860

Related videos and posts:

Link to Video:
The Granthams of Tudor Hall – Bill and Amon Share Click Here. TRT: 20:43

Link to Post:
Chewy Morsel #8 – A Riddle You Can Solve. Click Here.
480 words

References and “NOTES”:

NOTE 1:

Marriage records – Jefferson County Clerk – December 11, 1877, page 62, line 14, Baylor reports he was born in Jefferson County.
wvculture.org 2 March 2000 Web. 10 March 2016.

Moses Baylor gives an age of 48 on 1877 Dec 11th, but reports his age as 23 in 1850, or being born in 1827) – 1009 1022 1850 Jefferson County Va. Federal Census – household of John J. Grantham (son of James and Phebe), Moses Baylor (M) 23, James Baylor (M) 17. archive.org Internet Archives. 26 January 1997 Web. 10 March 2016.

1880 Jefferson County Federal Census, Town of Middleway, p. 8 line 20 Baylor gives his age in 1880 as 55 (being born in 1825).
ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 10 March 2016. (Fee subscription).

In the 1900 Federal Census of Jefferson County, Wv, Middleway Town, Sheet No. 3A Line 44 Moses Baylor gives his birth date as June, 1825.
ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 10 March 2016. (Fee subscription).

END NOTE 1

NOTE 2:

Tombstone Inscriptions, pp. 24 & 295. (NOTE: The location of the O’Bannon/Burton Farm was confused because, in Tombstone Inscriptions, two very different locations for the same three extant markers are given at two different pages in the book. The mapper for Jefferson County’s Assessor’s office, Victoria Myers, places the O’Bannon Farm at the location given in the Inscription’s citation on page 295 that places the same markers at “the Trussell Farm on the Leetown Road” – immediately south that road on the east side of Darke Lane.-JS).

END NOTE 2

Bates, Robert (1958). “The Story of Smithfield.” Vol. 2. Endicott, NY: R. L. Bates. pp. 34, 35, 42, 43, 44, 45, 60.

Sesquicentennial Farms – Tudor Hall (1773). ”Magazine of the Jefferson County Historical Society. Volume XXII. December 1956. Charles Town, WV: JCHS. – pp. 28-29.

Tombstone Inscriptions Jefferson County, W. Va. 1687-1980. Charles Town, WV: Bee Line Chapter, NSDAR.

“The Diary of Willoughby N. Lemen (June 4, 1839-February 13, 1860).” The Shepherdstown Register (series issues: January 30-June 12, 1947). (On microform), Scarborough Library – Shepherd University.

“The diary (1847-1856) of John Henry Smith of Smithfield (now Middleway).” Perry, Thornton Tayloe (1892-1981), collector, Jefferson Co., W. Va. miscellaneous volumes, 1793-1929. 39 items. Mss1, P4299b36-39. Near to the end of Reel 27. Scarborough Library, Shepherd University.

James E. Harding (October 23, 1979). “National Register of Historic Places Nomination: Middleway Historic District” (pdf). National Park Service.
wvculture.org 2 March 2000 Web. 10 March 2016.

From The Jefferson County Clerk (Incl. online sources):

Marriage records, Wills and Deeds. – Jefferson County Clerk, Charles Town, WV

Record of Marriages. No. 1. 1801-1853; An Alphabetical Transcript of the marriage records of Jefferson County from 1801 to 1853.
Barns, Nathan and Mary H. Grantham 1/31/1837
Barnes, Nathan Norval and Annie Isler 12/22/1860

Evidence of Nathan Barns(Barnes) Family whereabouts in 1852
Spirit of Jefferson, September 21, 1852, FARM FOR SALE. P3c7

The undersigned wished to sell, at private sale, his FARM, situated in Jefferson co., Virginia, about five miles west of Charlestown, the county seat, and within two and a half miles of Cameron’s Depot, on the Winchester and Potomac Railroad, and about one and a fourth miles from the Turnpike leading from Middleway to Harpers Ferry, adjoining the lands of Robert V. Shirley, John W. Packett, James Grantham and others, containing about 224 Acres more or less of Limestone Land. The Improvements consist of a Dwelling house, Stable, Corn house, Smoke-house, &c., and a never-failing well of water near the house, with a young orchard of choice fruit lately planted. Those desiring to purchase will do well to call on the subscriber at Hopewell Mills, near Leetown, Jefferson co., Va., or on Mr. Nathan Barns, who is now the present occupant of said farm. The Terms will be made reasonable, and possession given on the first day of April next. – JOHN CHAMBERLAIN. September 7, 1852 – wvgeohistory.org.

Joshua Burton
Will: Burton, Joshua 5/20/1839 Will Book Volume:9 Page(s):288;
wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. March 2016.

Account: Burton, Joshua, Executor of 9/17/1849 Will Book Volume:12 Page(s):201-208;
wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. March 2016.

Appraisement: Burton, Joshua 9/16/1839 Will Book Volume:9 Page(s):384-385;
wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. March 2016.

Account, Current: Burton, Joshua; James Grantham, executor 9/17/1849: Jefferson County, WV, Will Book 12 Page(s):201-208.
wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. March 2016.

John O’Bannon left his 306 acres to his sons John, Harrison, and Joseph
Will: O’Bannon, John 11/15/1830 Volume:Jefferson County, WV, Will Book 6 Page(s):345-346;
wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. March 2016.

Appraisement: O’Bannon, John 11/21/1832 Volume:Jefferson County, WV, Will Book 7 Page(s):122-126;
wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. March 2016.

Account, Current: O’Bannon, John; James Hite, administrator 2/18/1833 Volume:Jefferson County, WV, Will Book 7 Page(s):206-207
wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. March 2016.

Account, Current: O’Bannon, John 2/18/1833 Volume:Jefferson County, WV, Will Book 7 Page(s):206-207
wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. March 2016.

Sale: O’Bannon, John; James Hite, administrator 3/18/1833 Volume:Jefferson County, WV, Will Book 7 Page(s):222-229
wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. March 2016.

James Grantham
Will: Grantham, James 9/16/1861 Volume:Jefferson County, WV, Will Book 16 Page(s):381-383
wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. March 2016.

Federal Census Jefferson County Va/WV 1820-1920
1. 1850 Federal Census Jefferson County, Va. 40/1009/1022 (John J. Grantham household)

also
Smith, John H – 45 real estate 8,000 personal property 2105, wife Margaret, 45; eight children
Family Number: 431 – Page 62.
fold3.com 16 September 2001 Web. 10 March 2016. (Fee subscription)

2. 1820 Federal Census Jefferson County, Va. P. 96A (Joshua Burton, John O’Bannon)
Elizabeth Grantham p. 101.

John, William and Joseph Grantham & Smith Slaughter – p. 99.

John, Seth and Moses Smith & John Grantham p. 98.

James Roper p. 95.

p. 99 (Autumn); pp. 112-113 (The Farmer) from “The diary (1847-1856) of John Henry Smith of Smithfield (now Middleway).” Perry, Thornton Tayloe (1892-1981), collector, Jefferson Co., W. Va. miscellaneous volumes, 1793-1929. 39 items. Mss1, P4299b36-39. Near to the end of Reel 27. Scarborough Library, Shepherd University.

Summary of Jefferson County commerce and agriculture p. 109.
Population schedules of the fourth census of the United States, 1820, Virginia [microform] Reel 134
archive.org Internet Archives. 26 January 1997 Web. 10 March 2016.

Image Credits:

Montage of property owners in 1864
Map of the lower Shenandoah Valley, Virginia
Brown, Samuel Howell.
Early, Jubal Anderson, 1816-1894.
Created / Published: 1864.
loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 10 March 2016.

The Country Store
Edward Lamson Henry – 1885
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.

An October Day (also known as Cragsmoor Post Office)
Edward Lamson Henry – 1903
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.

A Summer Day
Edward Lamson Henry – 1890
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.

“Tom – semblance”
The Chimney Corner
Eastman Johnson – 1863
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.

“Nancy – semblance”
Dinah, Portrait of a Negress
Eastman Johnson – circa 1866-1869
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.

“Betsey – semblance”
Hannah – Eastman Johnson – circa 1859
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.

“Moses Baylor young – semblance”
Strother, David H., “Virginia Illustrated.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 13, Issue: 75, (Aug., 1856). pp. 303-323. Print.

Strother, David H., “Virginia Illustrated.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014.
p. 316 – woodpile.

a smoking, small wood stove (detail in the title of the montage called “Hirelings”)
Strother, David H., “Virginia Illustrated.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 12, Issue: 68, (Jan., 1856). pp. 158-179. Print.

Strother, David H., “Virginia Illustrated.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014.
p. 177.

“Moses Baylor – later semblance”
Head of a Black Man
Eastman Johnson – circa 1868
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.

detail “Moses Baylor – semblance”
Fredericksburg, Virginia. Burial of Federal dead
loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 10 March 2016.

Paintings of Phebe Grantham, James Grantham and Col. J. J. Grantham – Courtesy the Grantham family.

Daguerrotype of James and Phebe Grantham – Jefferson County Museum and the Grantham Family.

Title: Winter pastime
Creator(s): N. Currier (Firm),
Date Created/Published: New York : Published by N. Currier, c1855.
loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 10 March 2016.

“Spring by John H. Smith”
The Carnival
(also known as Dressing for the Carnival)
Winslow Homer (1877)
Metropolitan Museum of Art – New York, NY
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.

“Winter by John H. Smith”
Title: American winter scene
Date Created/Published: Phila. : Published by Joseph Hoover, c1867.
Medium: 1 print: lithograph, color.
Summary: Four horse-drawn sleighs in front of house.
Photo Archives Page 1 – Sleighing and skating 19th Century
wintercenter.homestead.com 4 April 2001 Web. 10 March 2016.

Pictorial Americana
Selected Images from the Collections of the Library of Congress
FARMS AND FARMING
loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 10 March 2016.

[New York] Farmer whetting his scythe, by William Sidney Mount, 1848
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.

List of Paintings by William Sidney Mount at Athenaeum
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016

The Long Story (also known as The Tough Story)
William Sidney Mount – 1837
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016

The Power of Music
William Sidney Mount – 1847
Cleveland Museum of Art (United States – Cleveland, Ohio)
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.

What Have I Forgot?
William Sidney Mount (1862)
Private collection
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.

“Southern Planter.” (1841). Richmond, Va.: P.D. Bernard. Print.

“Southern Planter.” (1841). Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 12 Feb. 2012.
p. 37; p. 58; p. 20 the new grain planter.

NOT USED
Title: Winter in the country: a cold morning
Creator(s): Currier & Ives.,
Date Created/Published: New York : Published by Currier & Ives, c1863.
loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 10 March 2016.

NOT USED
Title: Gift for the grangers / J. Hale Powers & Co. Fraternity & Fine Art Publishers, Cin’ti. ; Strobridge & Co. Lith. Cincinnati, O.
Creator(s): Strobridge & Co. Lith.,
Date Created/Published: Cincinnati, O. : J. Hale Powers & Co., c1873.
loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 10 March 2016.

NOT USED
Title: Early autumn: (Salmon Branch, Granby, Ct.) / A. D. Shattuck.
Creator(s): Currier & Ives.
loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 10 March 2016.

NOT USED
A Stormy Morning (also known as Leaving in the Early Morn in a Northeaster)
Edward Lamson Henry – 1899
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.

NOT USED
The Message
Edward Lamson Henry – 1893
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 March 2016.

The Humble Harvest & Eternal Voices (5) by Jim Surkamp

by Jim Surkamp on August 29, 2016 in Jefferson County

The_Humble_Harvest_Thy_Will_13c



The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 5
 – Conclusion by Jim Surkamp TRT: 28:00/53:34 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest , Eternal Voices – Part 4 – Skirmish TRT: 23:35/33:48 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 3 TRT: 14:08/26:14 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 2
 TRT: 21:48/27:40 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 1. TRT: 17:25/21:14 (incl. Credits). Click Here.
Made possible with the generous, community-minded support of American Public University System. Any views expressed are not a reflection of modern-day policies of the University and are intended to encourage dispassionate discussion and inquiry. More at http://apus.edu

The Humble Harvest and Eternal Voices – Part 5

Humble_Harvest_People
William_McCarter_Matte_D

I asked how the child had been killed. The reply given was, in substance, the same as thee old man’s With both hands, she slowly and solemnly raised the blood stained cover off the little breast, saying in sobs as she did so, “Just look here.”

Mary_Clemmer_Ames_Mattes_D

Deeds of valor are no longer dreams gone by. We live in knightly days; our men are dauntless men. Will there ever be one to write the life of the common soldier?

St_Clair_A_Mulholland_D

The regiment had not lost a man to be sure, but had seen a genuine fight, heard the scream of the shells, and heard a caisson blowing up and men knocked over.

Chas_Aglionby_D

Last night it rained for an hour or so. It put the ground in fine order for seeding. I sent the wagon to Mr. Moore and 27 bushels by measure. No military to be seen on our side of the hill.

Anne_Willis_Ambler_semblance

Anne Willis Ambler sees all from her parents farm Rock Hall: Pa is becoming rather tired of our South Carolina soldier. Thinks he is sufficiently well to leave.

Heros_Von_Borcke_D

And Heros Von Borcke keeps one eye out for an empty seat at a dinner table: It was a sparkling beautiful morning of autumn and I enjoyed the ride home the more for being fortunate enough firing from my horses back with my revolver to kill a grey squirrel, which, as our mess arrangements had been thrown into utter disorder by the events of the last two days, was gladly welcomed the same evening on our dinner table.

Cornfield_Winslow_Homer

October 17th 1862 – The Day after Battle William McCarter sees Lillie in Charlestown and the price of war. Farms continue their ways. And both armies move down the valley to clash again. The day before, Charles Aglionby at his Mt. Pleasant farm had written in his diary:

Charles_Aglionby

The Yankees drove in the Confederate pickets. There was considerable firing near Charlestown with cannon. Some few killed & wounded. A body of cavalry were in our lower field in the evening about thirty Yankee cavalry passed through Mr. Moore’s & Mr. Ranson’s field in sight of our house. The retiring cavalry and artillery of the Confederates passed before our house. October 17th Friday Last night it rained for an hour or so. It put the ground in fine order for seeding. Some cannonading was heard at different times at points from Shepherdstown to Leetown. Miss Belle Compton stayed all night and spent the day.

George_M_Neese_1840_1921

Last night (October 16-17th) was about as dark as they generally get in this country. I was on guard duty during the fore part of the night and it rained very hard all through my whole watch. We had no fire until after midnight, the ground, wood, and everything else being soaking wet; even the darkness felt like a wet blanket. I made my bed on top of a rock pile. It was a little hardish at first, but it was the driest place.

Charles_Trueman_Montage

An intelligent negro arrived here this morning from Berryville. He left there last night. He said there is one regiment of cavalry and four pieces of artillery between here and Berryville; at and near Berryville, the Second, Third, Sixth, Seventh, Ninth, and Twelfth Virginia Cavalries;

Winfield_Hancock_D_Matte

The next day, when we received orders to return, it then marched to Halltown, and occupied that position during the night. The next morning (Oct. 18th), after an examination of the roads, and it being found there was no enemy in front, the command returned to Harper’s Ferry. I appointed Col. J. R. Brooke, of the Fifty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, military governor, the better to preserve order. About 100 officers and soldiers of the Confederate Army were found in the town, consisting entirely, it is believed, of surgeons, hospital attendants, convalescents, and sick. Twenty-six were sent to the provost-marshal at Harper’s Ferry, and 38 wounded and unable to be removed, were paroled. Time did not permit the paroling of all who were severely wounded, as they were scattered throughout the town, requiring more time than we had for the purpose, to find them.

Split_Elliott_Cornfield

My God, My Father, while I stray/ Far from my home in life’s rough way/ Oh teach me from my heart to say: “Thy Will Be Done.”
Though dark my path and sad my lot/ Let me be still and murmur not;
Or breathe the prayer divinely taught But civil war, be it long or short Thy Will Be Done.”
But tho’ in lonely grief I sigh/ For friends beloved no longer nigh/ Submissive still I would reply/ Thy Will Be Done.

William_McCarter_Matte_D

Oct 16, 1862 in the late afternoon: Pvt. McCarter was sent into town to assist Brooke’s men in arresting and paroling wounded Confederate soldiers in Charlestown. He wrote later of what he saw: War is truly said to be a sad necessity. But civil war, be it long or short and under almost any circumstance, is indeed sadder and more desolating in its effects. History may record the ravages and desolations made and left in the tracks of the bloody feet of war, even in this most unnatural contest of our own.

Battle_of_Nashville_Humble_5_Montage

Painters of the rarest talents may one day paint the destruction in masterly styles and glowing colors. Yet, all these efforts fall far short in showing to the eye or to the mind war’s real effects upon people and country. Our attention was attracted to a three-story house, one of the better class of dwellings there, by crowds of soldiers and a few citizens going into it. These visitors came immediately out again with dull and saddened countenances and, in. Or a few cases, with tearful eyes. the front door had apparently been smashed and laid about in pieces upon the cobblestone pavement opposite. we stopped and, following the example of others, entered the house and then the room on the first floor. Merciful heaven what a sight met our eyes. God save me the pain of another’s such sight as long as I live. The room was long and narrow. From one end to the other, regardless of those present, paced a lady apparently not over thirty years of age. She appeared to be in terrible grief, refusing entirely any comfort or consolation from those of her friends and neighbors there congregated. The woman was clad in black, In some manner her dress had been almost torn from her body.

dhs.5.grief_

She would now and then burst out into heart-rending fits of weeping, exclaiming, “Oh, my child, My Lilly.” Not knowing exactly the cause of the lady’s sorrow, I quietly inquired of an old man leaning against the door what it was. He replied that her child, had been killed about an hour ago by a ball from the federal battery. The round passed through a window at which the child had been standing, looking down at soldiers on the street. At one end of the room, a few women and several members of our Irish Brigade were gathered around what seemed to me to be a melodeon, gazing sadly and silently at something lying on its top. As soon as opportunity presented to approach the spot, we did so. There on the top of the instrument laid a sweet little girl. Cold and stiff and dead. Except for the dead yet still beautiful, innocent pale face, all the rest of the body was covered with a large sheet, or white quilt.

bloods-stains_quilt

On this quilt, particularly that part of it over the child’s breast were large spots of blood. A young colored woman was cutting the long. down curls from the child’s head and perfectly saturating them with her tears. Approaching still nearer, I asked how the child had been killed. The reply given was in substance the same as the old man’s. With both hands, she slowly and solemnly raised the blood stained cover off the little breast, saying in sobs as she did so, “Just look here.” My companion and I gazed for a moment at the object in horror and dismay, unable to utter a word. then turning slowly and sadly away, we left the room. My heart was too full and my eyes positively refused to shelter any longer streams of hot water that. burst from them. The ball had struck the child on the left breast, tearing it and ripping the left arm completely away. Only a small portion of the right breast remained. It presented a most ghastly, sickening appearance. Yet, that dear little face seemed as calm and as peaceful as in a quiet, sweet slumber. Oh, cruel, cruel war! must the innocent suffer with the guilty.

Friday, October 17th: Yesterday evening there came the news that two fights had occurred in town and our men had to retreat, leaving the enemy in possession. They occupied the “Inn” and advanced on every road, driving in our pickets early this morning. Nat left us to search for his company but returned and passed the night. Saturday, October 18th: The news is that the Yankees have fallen back from Charlestown and our troops are advancing. About 2,000 cavalry passed by our gate.

Montaage_Willis_Pa_Anna

The forage masters were here again today. Pa sold them a barrel of whiskey for $10 gallon. October 16th Nat came in just as we got up from breakfast but there were some nice hot rolls brought in for him which he enjoys immensely. Told me about his trip into Maryland and Pennsylvania with General Stuart. A man came here who has been getting Pa’s hay and insisted he had a right to Pa’s hay, but Pa got very angry and got his pistol and said he would shoot him if he did and when Nat went out the man pretended he was satisfied. The man departed but we were all frightened and fear he may turn up again. Pa called him a scoundrel. Had so much to write about today I forgot to say a little on the uninteresting subject of its being my 24th birthday.

Montage_Neese_3X_Moves_Oct_18_1862

George Neese writes from camp: This morning we moved to our old camp again, four miles from Charlestown on the Berryville pike. This afternoon the first piece was ordered to go on picket at our old post one mile below Charlestown, on the Harper’s Ferry pike. This evening we left our post and came one mile south of Charlestown and camped with the Sixth Virginia Cavalry. They had a prayer meeting in their camp in the early evening by candlelight, which I attended. The Sixth seems to be the citadel of religion of the brigade, as they have more religious service in the Sixth than in any of the other regiments, yet I do not know as the plane of practical ethics in general is any higher in this than in any of the other regiments of the brigade. I suppose that their code of imprecations is of about the same standard as that adopted by the rest of the brigade, and perhaps employed with about equal frequency.

HH_5_Oct_18_Montage3

During the recent skirmish at Charlestown, the Federals had also sent a force under Generals Andrew Humphreys and Alfred Pleasonton down Leetown Pike to try and rout out Gen. Jeb Stuart’s men, headquartered at the Dandridge’s home called The Bower; and but for making a turn with their cavalry down the wrong road near Strider’s Mill they could well have captured Stuart. Afterwards men under Confederate Gen. A.P. Hill, who had moved on down towards Berryville as the Federals advanced, told Josiah Ware at his Clarke County home, called Springfield just what had happened to Jeb Stuart:

Springfield_house3

Drawing from some of what Gen. A. P. Hill’s infantrymen men related: While cavalry General Stuart’s headquarters were at Dandridge’s in Jefferson, he was dancing with the girls when the Yankees had planned a raid and would have caught him and his staff (only they missed the road) and in the pursuit & fighting the enemy Stuart was only saved from being caught by losing his hat & jumping with his horse a garden railing. Stuart’s men had, indeed, completed a second full-blown ball at The Bower just on the night of the 15th that extended into the wee hours of the 16th.

Heros_Von_Borcke_D

German-born Heros Von Borcke, one of J.E.B. Stuart’s staff officers, confirms Stuart’s very close call after a good party:The beams of the morrow’s sun were just making their way through the intricacies of the foliage above our heads, as we lay in camp resting from the fatigues of the night’s dancing, when a blast of the bugle brought the whole command to their feet, with its summons to new and serious activity. We found a full division of the Federal infantry moving upon us in admirable order, their cavalry operating on either flank, and their artillery seeking to get into position upon some heights in our front, where several pieces had already arrived and had opened a brisk and annoying fire upon our horsemen. Large clouds of dust rising all along the road towards Shepherdstown indicated the approach of other bodies of the enemy, and it was quite plain that our resistance to odds so overwhelming could only be of short duration. The Bower, where only a few hours before the violin and banjo had sent forth their enlivening strains, riding forward to the scene of action, which already resounded with wilder music. About dusk the Federals came to a halt, and, to our infinite surprise, turned slowly back for a mile and a half, where we soon saw the main body go quietly into bivouac. During the chase offered them by Gen. Humphreys and Gen. Pleasonton, Gen. Stuart and his men found themselves caught in that same rain from that day: The General then proceeded his Staff to headquarters at “The Bower,” which was only a few miles distant. Before we reached there we were overtaken by a drenching shower of rain, and we thankfully accepted Mr. Dandridge’s kind invitation upon our arrival to dry our dripping garments and warm our chilled bodies before a roaring wood fire in the large and comfortable family drawing-room. A renewed assault the next morning (Oct. 17th) put

Middleway_Eastman_Hatch_Family_detail

Von Borcke with some men further south in Middleway/Smithfield to watch for the enemy. Finding none, he found another social windfall: I had not been more than an hour in the village of Smithfield when our outposts from the Shepherdstown road came galloping along in furious haste, reporting a tremendous host of cavalry right behind them in hot pursuit. The squadron had come from Harper’s Ferry along a by-road which struck the turnpike at a point about midway between Kearneysville and Smithfield. I established my men and myself at the house of an interesting young widow who, with her sister, enlivened our evening with songs and spirited discourse. The next morning we received orders to return to the Bower.

sunrise.river

It was a sparkling beautiful morning of autumn and I enjoyed the ride home the more for being fortunate enough firing from my horseback with my revolver to kill a grey squirrel, which, as our mess arrangements had been thrown into utter disorder by the events of the last two days, was gladly welcomed the same evening on our dinner table.

November_19_1862
Chas.Yates.Aglionby_Matte

A month later at Mt. Pleasant the Aglionby’s farm: Wednesday November 19th Pleasant, but a little cloudy. The hands cutting and mauling wood. Ralf doing some odd jobs, setting out cabbage stocks and fixing gate hinges. R. Bowerly and son cleaned out the pool. Captain Buck’s company went by and returned this morning and by again this evening. Mrs. A. and Frank went to Charlestown this evening. No news of any consequence from the war. Mr. Whittington is cutting up some dead trees on the halves. I went to Captain Abell’s in the afternoon, met Col. Marshall and Lieutenant Buck there. The Captain loaned me some small pieces of pork if I should ever have need for them.

Anna_Madison_Willis_Ambler_painting_Matte

Wednesday, November 19th: Mr. Thompson was here and seemed to have some hope of the war ending. He and Pa both agree that the best thing that could happen would be a reconstruction of the Union. Can it be possible? I am sure I know not but it seems not to me. I don’t see how we could ever live in peace and love one another though I am sure we can never be a great nation separate. Oh that God may bring order out of confusion and bring our once peaceful and happy country out of this cruel war.

earth

References:

Charles Aglionby Papers and Civil War Diary, Volume 2 – Jefferson County Museum, Charles Town, WV.

Ambler, Anne W. (1971). “Diary of Anne Madison Willis Ambler (1836-1888): A Civil War Experience.” (submitted by her granddaughter, Anne Madison Ambler Baylor – Mrs. Robert Garnet Baylor). Magazine of the Historical Society of Jefferson County.” Vol. Volume XXXVII. Charles Town, WV: Jefferson County Historical Society, pp. 28-29.

SUPPLEMENTAL

Thursday, October 16th:
Nat came in just as we got up from breakfast but there were some nice hot rolls brought in for him which he enjoys immensely. Told me about his trip into Maryland and Pennsylvania with General Stuart, took 2000 horses and burned government stores at Chambersburg. . . .They met a man with a fine horse and when told to give him up the man burst into tears, exclaiming, “Oh, don’t take poor old Billie.” Nat say they took him, of course. A man came here who has been getting Pa’s hay and insisted he had a right to Pa’s hay, but Pa got very angry and got his pistol and said he would shoot him if he did and when Nat went out the man pretended he was satisfied. The man departed but we were all frightened and fear he may turn up again . . . Pa called him a scoundrel. Had so much to write about today I forgot to say a little on the uninteresting subject of its being my 24th birthday.

(Entries for Oct. 17 and 18 – are in the main transcript)

Monday, October 20th:
I heard today of James B’s death today. He took the oath when the Yankees were in here and was taken up on conscript law and was so much distressed about it that he died the day he was to go into the army.

Wednesday, October 22nd:
Heard last night of poor Mrs. Mary Johnson losing five children with the scarlet fever. She has seven. All gone but the oldest and the youngest.

Saturday, October 25th:
Cousin Edward Willis came by to see us. Seems to be an exceedingly clever person. Says that Cousin Frank’s sentiments are precisely like Pa’s at which Pa was overjoyed as he had predicted they would be. Said he felt five years younger. Cousin Edward seems to have an impartial view and description of the war. Says it is all untrue about the Yankees not fighting that we have been taught to respect them on more battlefields than one.

Sunday, October 26th:
A company of 75 men asked to stay all night and get supper. Pa consented to let them sleep at the barn and made fires for them in the cellar and quarters for them today as it had been raining all day. Gave each man a drink., Fannie and Bertie assisted in the kitchen and were most expeditious. The men arrived about half past five and by half past eight, they had gotten their suppers.

Ames, Mary C. (1872). “Eirene, Or A Woman’s Right.” New York, NY: G. P. Putnam & Sons. googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016. pp. 155-177.

McCarter, William. (1996). “My Life in the Irish Brigade – The Civil War Memoirs of Private William McCarter, 116th Pennsylvania Infantry.” edited by Kevin E. O’Brien. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Group. googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016.

Mulholland, St. Clair Augustin. (1899). “The story of the 116th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry. War of secession, 1862-1865.” [Philadelphia, F. McManus, jr., & co.]. archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016.

George Neese . (1911). “Three years in the Confederate horse artillery.” New York, Washington: The Neale Publishing Co. archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016.

Charles Henry Trueman – The New York Times, October 22, 1862 nytimes.com 12 November 1996 Web. 20 June 2016; Census Records at ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 20 June 2016.

SUPPLEMENTAL:

1. New York Times Report No. 1 FROM BOLIVAR HEIGHTS.; The Story of a Free Negro–His Estimate of the Rebel Strength–Gen. Stuart’s Raid-Rebel Fears and Feelings.Published: October 22, 1862, The New York Times, October 22, 1862 nytimes.com 12 November 1996 Web. 20 June 2016.

NOTE: Digitized version has been reviewed and based on fact-checking – “TRUFMAN” is corrected to “TRUEMAN,” “GECK” is corrected to “CHEW,” “PINCENEY” corrected to “PINCKNEY,” “MRS. GEN. MARDY” corrected to “MARCY,” and “FROMER” corrected to “FRAME.”

BOLIVAR HEIGHTS, ABOVE HARPER’s FERRY, Va.,

Monday evening, Oct. 20, 1862.

As a general thing, but little importance can be attached to the statements of contrabands. In addition to being naturally endowed with “gift of tongue,” their Munchausen proclivities are largely developed by contact with their white masters. In common with refugees and deserters, they are also anxious to secure the attention and treatment which the bearer of much information is expected to receive. I have, however, been conversing with an escaped free negro, who betrays such unusual intelligence and whose statements correspond so nearly with what I have previously learned, that I set him down as a truthful negro worthy of belief. His name is CHARLES HENRY TRUEMAN; he was brought up in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, learned to read and write, and nearly a year since became employed in Gen. BANKS’ Commissary Department. He was captured, five months ago, at Strasburgh, and immediately pressed into the Confederate service as a driver. Objecting to this, on the plea that he was a free man, they replied to him that “it was their say about that matter now, and he might consider himself lucky if he was not shot for having been caught in the Yankee army.” After “teaming” it three weeks, he was given to Capt. SAMUEL MARSH, of Company H, Seventh Virginia Cavalry, whose servant he continued until the time of his escape into our lines at Charlestown last Friday. Not knowing that he could read and write, he was frequently intrusted with the carrying of written messages, which he never let slip an opportunity of perusing, anxious as he was to procure all the news he could before escaping. He also learned much from conversations which he overheard between Capt. MARSH and other officers. The entire rebel army on the Upper Potomac numbers one hundred and twenty five thousand men. Gen. JACKSON has a large force at Bunker Hill. There is also another large force in the vicinity of Winchester. He does not know who commands them. There are between four and five thousand troops stationed at Smithfield, under command of Brig.-Gen. TALIAFERRO, of North Carolina; also two thousand at Leetown. The safe return of Gen. STUART from this late raid was the occasion of much joy. When our heavy firing along the Potomac was heard, a week ago Sunday, the rebels became prey to the most fearful forebodings, expecting to hear that STUART and his 2,500 followers had been intercepted and cut off. Imagine, then, their joy when they learned the next day from Leesburgh that the river had been crossed in safety, and not many hours after, saw their pet cavalrymen coming through Snicker’s Gap with one thousand Yankee horses. Gen. STUART immediately located his headquarters at Berryvllie. The stolen horses were, however, driven further forward, and quartered on Mr. FLEMING’s farm, 3 1/2 miles from Charlestown, on the Winchester road. He was here when our forces advanced last Thursday morning. The troops which met us and disputed our advance belonged to the Twelfth Virginia Cavalry, Col. MUMFORD, and are doing [???] around Charlestown. Three guns of Capt. CHEW’s Battery constituted all their artillery. Capt. CHEW, who lived below Charlestown, on the Shenandoah, was killed by our artillerists. He saw the corpse as it was being carried to Mr. FLEMING’s, a shell had entered his body below the right armpit, and passed out above the left breast. As soon as the artillery [???] opened the Second Virginia Cavalry moved to the support of the Twelfth, and soon after, his own regiment, the Seventh Virginia,, both of which were encamped in Messrs. FRAME and FLEMING’s woods, three and a half miles out of town. Word was also sent to Gen. STUART at Berryville, and he came up in the course of the day with the Sixth and Ninth Virginia Cavalry. When our forces had silenced the rebel guns, drove the Second and Twelfth Cavalry Regiments before them, and reached the village, a considerable panic occurred. The captured horses were immediately collected preparatory to being driven back to Berryville. Had we marched on immediately, he is confident we could have retaken every one of them. Our meagre knowledge of the whereabouts of the enemy would have made such an undertaking, however, extremely hazardous. On my asking him why they did not open upon us when we appeared so boldly on the high ground about the village, he replied that they were afraid to, lest their position would be revealed. In the evening (Thursday) word came that JACKSON was marching down to their support with a large body of infantry. This may have been the reason of the withdrawal of our forces on the following day. He made his escape on the next morning, taking advantage of the thick mist to creep through the rebel lines. While the battle was progressing at Sharpsburgh, he remained on the other side or the river at Shepherdstown. Every one there understood that “we (rebels) were getting badly whipped.” Such was the purport of all the conversation held by the citizens with the wounded and disabled which were being brought over. So the messengers reported. He heard one state in reply to an inquiry, that the “Yankees are cutting us all to pieces.”

Whatever the rebel Generals may say in their official dispatches, all of the soldiers who participated, know and confess that they were severely defeated.

The old fortifications at Winchester are being repaired. Several miles of the railroad track between Charlestown and Winchester have been torn up, and the iron appropriated for army use. It was currently reported that the “Yanks” had burned the bodies of the rebel dead at Antietam to avoid the trouble consequent upon interring them.

“LINCOLN’s Proclamation” is the theme of much conversation, and has caused many of the slaves to be transferred further southward. There is much apprehension among all the officers lest Richmond may be attacked by a large army while the bulk of their forces remain in Northern Virginia.

You wonder at the knowledge thus betrayed by this negro. He is certainly the most intelligent one I have met since the outbreak of the troubles, exhibiting more knowledge as regards both armies than nine-tenths of the rebel privates possess. And yet he is “too stupid” to bear arms in support of the Stars and Stripes.

Our New-York regiments are waiting anxiously the enforcement of the draft in that State when their decimated ranks are to be filled up. This is especially true of the Fifty-second, Col. FRANK; Fifty-seventh, Major CHAPMAN; Sixty-sixth, Col. PINCKNEY. I am pleased to observe that the damaging practice of filling vacant commissions with favorites, or men who will pay for a position, is rapidly giving way to the wholesome one of promoting from the rank and file those who have distinguished themselves on the battle-field. The Sixty-ninth, as you are aware, has lost nearly all its Line officers. Col. NUGENT is now filling their places with privates who have exhibited bravery while under fire. The following are his appointments thus far: From First Lieutenant to Captain, RICHARD MARONY, JOHN H. DONOVAN; from Second to First Lieutenant, JOHN TOOL, TERRENCE DUFFY; from Sergeant to Lieutenant, RICHARD KELLY, M. BRENNAN, M. MURPHY, B. O’NEILL, P. CARNEY, Sergt.-Major CALLAGHAN and Q.M. Sergt. P. BUCKLEY have been promoted to be Lieutenants. Let this worthy example be emulated in other regiments.

2. New York Times Report No. 2: (NOTE ?? question marks in the text are in the reproduced digitized version at nytimes.org).

FROM THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.; Advance of Our Cavalry Pickets Two Miles Into Virginia. The Rebels in Force This Side of Charlestown. JACKSON STILL AT BUNKER’S HILL, A Successful Expedition After Rebel Cavalry. Thirty-two Captured and Several Killed and Wounded. SPECIAL DISPATCH FROM HARPER’S FERRY LATEST REPORTS FROM HEADQUARTERS. SPECIAL DISPATCH FROM FREDERICK. Published: October 22, 1862. The New York Times, October 22, 1862 nytimes.com 12 November 1996 Web. 20 June 2016

WASHINGTON, Tuesday, Oct. 21.

The following dispatch has just been received from our special correspondent at Harper’s Ferry:

Nine o’clock P.M. Our cavalry pickets have been extended two miles, and are now some distance beyond Halltown, now held by our infantry.

A balloon reconnaissance was made last night, and discovered the enemy this side of Charlestown.

Deserters coming in, report JACKSON, with a large force, still in the neighborhood of Bunker’s Hill.

Capt. J.F. PELL, First Minnesota, Provost-Marshal of Harper’s Ferry; who went to Charlestown with last Thursday’s reconnaissance, while returning alone at 7, P.M., was captured by the enemy in a raid on our rear. He is a brave man, universally loved and respected.

There is great dissatisfaction in the army respecting Order No. 154, authorizing regulars to fill up their regiments from those of volunteers.

HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Tuesday Evening, Oct. 21.

An expedition started from Gen. SLOCUM’s command this morning, for the purpose of intercepting and capturing a force of rebel cavalry, under Capt. Duo, who were foraging near Lovettsville, Loudon County, Va. It was in every respect successful, but the details are not known.

We took thirty-two prisoners, among whom was the Captain, and killed ten of the enemy. Our loss was one man killed and four wounded. Due’s was an independent company, raised in Loudon County.

Mrs. Gen. MCCLELLAN and Mrs. Gen. MARCY, having finished their visit to the Army of the Potomac, left for Washington to-day.

WASHINGTON. Tuesday. Oct. 21.

We have just received the following dispatch, dated Frederick. Oct. 21 – 10 P.M.
During the recent rebel raid into this State, a wife of a National officer, the latter of whom is connected with the Potomac Home Guard, seized some ninety rifles belonging to the men and threw them into a well in a main street in this city to prevent their falling into the hands of the rebels.

It is but true to state that this lady is the wife of Lieut. [???], of the regiment referred to. Her patriotism has been the subject of warm commendation in social [???] during the week. To-day the rifles were shipped to Washington by L.E. [???], Government [???].

Capt. [???]. Provost-Marshal at Harper’s Ferry, captured by the rebels in a raid near Charlestown a few days since, was heard from to-day. He is at Richmond, in good health.

Lieut. CHURCH [???] is new acting at Marshal at Harper’s Ferry.

The case of Dr. MORAN continued to-day. Three witnesses were examined, the evidence implicating the Doctor. The case will be continued until the Commission consults with the Governor of the State

We may hear from a reconnaissance to-night, though it is doubtful.

A Commission appointed to appraise damages of the United States troops has been appointed in this city. It is composed of Col. LEWIS, H. BUCKLEY, Capt. JAMES A. BETTS, and Capt. [???]. It will sit for three day.

end New York Times report, October 22, 1862.

Von Borcke, Heros. (1867). “Memoirs of the Confederate war for independence.” Vol. 2 Philadelphia. PA: J. B. Lippincott & Co. archive.org 9 August 2002 Web. 20 April 2014. p. 316.

FIRST HAND ACCOUNT OF THE CIVIL WAR FROM A LETTER WRITTEN BY JOSIAH WARE.Transcription by Judy Ware; 2002, Updated March 2008Original letter owned by James & Judith Ware© Judy C. Ware, 2002 and 2008

Diary of Josiah Ware of Spring Farm, Clarke County, Va. copyright Judy Ware:(with permission)

Springfield Farm January 7, 1863

My Dear Son,

Yours of October 9th has reached me and I was surprised at your saying the last letter you received from me was from W. (William) Smith, near Staunton. Kee acknowledged letters later than that. Charles has not been a prisoner and I do not know who Lt. Ware was. Jackson made a dash down the Valley; the Yankees are at Strasburg and Front Royal. Jackson came first to Front Royal – not being expected. General Ewell was in the advance and captured their pickets and the Yankees amusing themselves pitching quoits–when to their utter dismay they found the much dreaded New Orleans Tigers in their midst. Havoc, of course, ensued. Gen. Banks, hearing of their descent at Strasburg, mounted his horse – said to his landlord he had not time to settle his bill – and dashed off at full speed.

In Winchester his horse fell. He remounted and never stopped until in Martinsburg – leaving his army behind. Jackson pursued them out of Virginia capturing many prisoners, many wagons, horses, stores and medicines. Banks had the impudence to report to his government of his orderly, successful and masterly retreat; losing very few wagons, stores or horses. General [Turner] Ashby had requested me to take one of his regiments; he would assist in organizing it. He was a fine horseman, a brave man, but no drill officer and wished me with him, but while Jackson was about cannonading Harper’s Ferry, I was at home. Lee telegraphed to Jackson to fall back as quick as possible; that General McDowell from Fredricksburg and Milroy from western Virginia were on their march to meet at Strasburg and cut off his retreat. Jackson made forced marches and as his rear reached and crossed the Cedar Creek this side of Strasburg, the enemy’s advance united on the banks north of the creek. Jackson left 300 stragglers to the enemy – worn out by the previous days’ hard work. I knew nothing of the move, was cut off, and made prisoner. I was taken prisoner and carried to Strasburg – where the Provost Marshall, Capt Brown of Massachusetts, stole my horse (Cymon), saddle and bridle. All the prisoners were taken to Strasburg to make a show in marching them to Winchester, and started me on foot. We had not gone far before a rough looking young man (a cavalry private), came to me, got off his horse, and insisted on my riding his horse. I thanked him but declined. He insisted and held the bridle and stirrup for me to mount and said he would not ride if I did not – then he left the horse after I mounted and mingled and conversed freely with our men. I had been offered bundles of cigars and matches by privates on the route. When I arrived in Winchester they offered me a parole to report myself next morning at nine o’clock. I declined on the ground that it required me not to take up arms against the US but said I was willing to sign one not to take up arms while I held the parole. This was agreed to. I reported every day – then they extended it two weeks to stay home. While at home they sent their prisoners away to forts, inquired for me but my time was not out, and I escaped. It was afterwards extended to me to report at pleasure and after that, the army under General Pope moved on towards Gordonsville. In this time, Gen. Turner Ashby was killed and my scheme was broken up. The government then, instead of permitting the regiments to organize under the law and elect their officers, appointed Jones (who had been rejected by a regiment after trying him) Colonel of one of them – and Hannan (of Augusta) Colonel of the other – who was no officer at all and never will be – all this in violation of law and the regiment’s rights. Before Jackson came down, in going out of the line, I took Toledo, The Don (not broke), and Cymon, and Dr. Ganahl’s black stallion over in the mountains to Hanson Elliotts and hid them there. When I had to leave, neither The Don or the black would lead or ride and let me lead. The Don would not ride, and I had to leave them. They were well hid but a Negro, who about that time run off for a fee (no doubt counterfeit) showed some members of the Carter’s Indiana Cavalry where they were and they stole them. About this time (while I was out) they were about to cross over the river General Blenker’s (a Dutch lager beer saloon) Brigade of Dutch, into the Valley. The river was high and they were kept a long time in the mountains as there were no boats. They tried an old boat at Berry’s Ferry and 75 of them were drowned. While in the mountains they ate every cat and dog that had any flesh on them – killed cows and sheep and sows to get their young out of them to eat, and were particularly fond of unhatched chickens and ate soap grease and kitchen slop for cows and hogs. Finally they got over; killed all my hogs, took all my oats, nearly all my corn – not leaving half enough corn to bread me. Henry had hid some oats, but Old Jim Bell found them & showed them where they were. Old Jim and young Jim left with the Yankees, and Book stole my two-horse sheep wagon & my wife’s carriage mare & another, and took them and his family off with him. All this happened before Gen. Banks went out and I came home – after I was a prisoner. I went to Banks and told him of his Provost Marshall at Strasburg taking my horse, saddle, and bridle to his own use, and Banks said it was a theft, he had no right to do so, and he would have him given up. While reporting myself in Winchester, the 1st Maryland Cavalry Regiment (stationed at Snicker’s Ferry and composed almost entirely of Pennsylvanians) were ordered from there, & as they passed us, two of their men called in and stole Decca & Maygo. Henry brought me word to Winchester & I followed them on to Banks’ headquarters at Middletown with a letter from General John P. Hatch, chief of cavalry – to Major Perkins, chief of Banks’ staff – who ordered the officer in command (when my mares were stolen) to report himself to him at once. He told me he wanted no evidence from me – they should furnish it. The officer he asked said he knew nothing about it. I never heard any man receive such a cursing. Perkins called him a damned liar, a damned horse thief (all of them were so) and damned cowards. When fighting was to be done, they were all off and if the mares were not brought to him the next morning by 9 o’clock, he would have him branded as a horse thief and drummed out of camp. They were there by 8 o’clock and Perkins gave me a statement that they were stolen from me and restored by General Banks’ orders and were not to be disturbed again – & I brought them home. I found my wagon (that Book stole) in the streets of Winchester in the Yankee army & went to Col. Batchelder of Massachusetts (Banks’ chief Provost Marshall in Winchester) about it, and he had it delivered up to me. I did not find the mares and supposed Jackson got them in his rush. He captured 300 horses. I suppose they were broken down. I never could find them in either army. Batchelder also gave me an order to go through the army and wherever I found my horses, to take them – but about this time the army moved off towards Gordonsville under Pope’s command, and I was advised not to follow it up under Pope’s proclamation which superseded Banks’ orders. Then came the flight and pursuit after the battle of Slaughter Mountain (in which they were awfully slaughtered) across to Washington City. Charles was actively in this, and after being in the saddle night and day for some time, they stopped in the streets of Warrenton and he dismounted to rest and Vista (his mare) laid down and went to sleep. He was in the raid at Catletts Station & while getting the good things there, they were fired on by Yankee infantry and narrowly escaped. They fed for some days on apples, peaches, & green corn – not allowed fire to cook it – the cavalry constantly being on close picket. They were near catching Pope – he had just time to get in the car & steam off. They got his military boots, hat, sword, coat, his baggage, shirt studs (his name in full on them) and his horses. In the secret drawer of his writing desk was found a pair of polished steel handcuffs – it was said he put them there thinking to catch Jackson, but not having confidence in his ability to hold him – wished to use them on him. This is only talk. Some of our cavalry were barefooted with spurs buckled around their naked feet, some painted their feet black to represent boots & shoes, it was said. One was barefoot with spurs, on a mule, & the ladies cheered him so that he stopped to enquire if they cheered him or his mule. Many, very many, of our men were barefoot . They passed over the hotbed of unionism of Maryland – Frederick & Hagerstown – thence to Willamsport, Martinsburg – driving the Yankees and runaway Negroes from there into Harper’s Ferry. Then Jackson and A.P. Hill invested it & soon captured it – an immense number of prisoners (I believe 13,000), any amount of stores, ammunition, arms, & etc. – allowing them to take private property away with them. This, of course, they abused. Soldiers were permitted to go off with boots & shoes – extra strapped to their knapsacks, extra clothing, stolen horses. General Hill told me a French Colonel was riding a good looking horse which a farmer came to him and claimed. The Col. asked him how long since he lost his horse? “Six months since he was stolen from me.” “Gentleman, I have had this horse for 18 months & I can prove it.” He brought forward several Yankee officers who swore he had the horse 18 months. The farmer brought up his neighbors to prove his horse & General Hill told the officer his proof was not sufficient – – – give up the horse. But General Hill did wrong about the negroes in Harpers Ferry. The capture was on Monday & then no farmer was permitted to go in until Tuesday – by which time, no strictness of guard being established, numbers of negro men went out. And General Hill told me he gave papers to one squad of Yankees for 40 negroes – they proving they were their servants brought from the north with them. They lied of course, for citizens had taken some of them out of their lines as they were going off with them (with Hill’s papers on them) & took them to jail. Hill ought not to have regarded their evidence for if they brought them, Virginia law deprives every negro of his freedom who comes into her lines from a free state & the Yankees themselves made negroes contraband & had no business with slaves. Young Jim Bell was there Monday night & when I got there Tuesday morning, he was gone & I lost him. This was the case with many – the reason given was McClellan’s whole army was advancing on Lee and they were hurrying to join Lee. I said if they had let the farmers in Monday, they would have united under the General’s leave, searched every place, and taken every negro to Charlestown or Winchester and at leisure investigated every right and relieved the army of them altogether and thus saved time (and millions of money) to the South. We captured splendid cannon, small arms, wagons & horses – & our army are now operating almost entirely on the enemy’s means captured from them. Our army then met General McClellan at Antietam where we whipped them back, under terrible slaughter, from all their positions to the mountain where their strong position was. General Jackson thought they could dislodge them from there but with their cannon raking the plain, General Lee thought the sacrifice of our troops necessary for it, would not pay for it, & fell back into Virginia. The Yankees then crossed at Shepherdstown, not knowing the force we had concealed there. After crossing the river, Jackson opened on them. After a little firing they hastened back. In their terror in wading (crossing) the river, many fell or pushed for the bluffs – fell over and were pushed over by the multitudes in their rear (not knowing the state of things in front) and broke their necks & lay there in immense heaps. The river and dams of the canals was blocked up with dead Yankees and were never taken out. The slaughter was immense – awful. Comparatively, but a small part of it, was done by our troops. Then they fell back again to Maryland. Lee then, I suppose, heard somehow or other that the enemy intended to march through Loudon to Richmond via Fredericksburg & moved the main body of our army to Fredericksburg – leaving Jackson here to watch the enemy’s movements, & A.P. Hill’s division encamped in the woods. I thought of Neills estate – here I became acquainted with Generals Hill, Gregg, Archer, Thomas, and many other officers – some of whom took meals with me every day – John & William Pollack also, and some of your college-mates – & they almost destroyed all that woods. When they moved off, the 12th regiment of Virginia cavalry was encamped opposite Tom McCormick’s on the Charlestown pike and commanded by one of the Hannans and White’s batallion of cavalry on Mr. Smith’s land opposite my Mill woods. While there, General Stahel (a Dutchman commanding Yankee cavalry) came up from Fairfax County to make a raid on them. They got into White’s camp completely by surprise (so loosely did they picket) and scattered them in every direction & after that got the 12th on the run and scattered them. On returning, they opened my fences & drove off all my cattle consisting of 9 oxen & 13 milch cows – took all of William P. McCormick’s the same way – – 13 fine colts from William Smith. My colts were in my field at the same time, but Henry got them out & they did not interrupt them. I was busy getting Toledo & some mares out of the way. On my return at night (finding my cattle gone) I went off next morning and followed them. William Smith and P. McCormick joined me on the road. But Stahel, much alarmed at an attack or pursuit (which was not thought of) traveled all night and after getting half way, McCormick thought it would be fruitless & might put us under arrest so he determined to come back, & give it up. Smith agreed to join him and I told them I could not go by myself but would return with them & take Jaqueline with me. On our way back, McCormick found 6 of his cattle that strayed out on the way – none of mine – & half way home, William again changed his mind & determined to go with me & we went to Stahel’s headquarters. I put our claim before him in writing – he replied he would refer the matter to General Siegel (another Dutchman in command of the post) and that we would be answered in 3 hours. We waited two days longer. Receiving no answer, we came on home – leaving the matter in a friend’s hands. On reaching home, we found General Geary had made a raid to Charlestown – thence to Berryville, to Winchester, & on to Smithfield & back to Harpers Ferry in much haste & alarm, fearing an attack. But General Jones, with a brigade of cavalry (Maryland line of infantry & artillery not inferior I am told to Geary’s), instead of attacking him, fell back to Newmarket – 50 miles or more and is there yet. Fortunately Geary’s command did not come below Berryville & Milroy’s force now occupies Winchester – smaller force than Jones, I understand. Jones is called in Winchester the “flying General.” When Geary went through here, Jaqueline took Toledo out. He (Geary) is a bad man and was in command at Warrenton when some of his ruffians killed Robert E. Scott. Milroy is a bad man also, & has stuck placards in Winchester informing the negroes they are free & warning them to arm themselves and defend themselves if their masters attempt to exercise ownership. Rumor now says they have taken Mrs. Portia Baldwin and sent her to Alexandria – a prisoner. While cavalry General Stuart’s headquarters were at Dandridge’s in Berkely, he was dancing with the girls when the Yankees had planned a raid and would have caught him and his staff (only they missed the road) and in the pursuit & fighting the enemy from Gordonsville on to Washington – he was only saved from being caught by losing his hat & jumping with his horse a garden railing. On the other hand – below Richmond, General Lee had so laid his plans that if Generals Huger & Magruder had come up to orders, he would have captured General McClellan & his whole army. Upon their failure, he remarked “too late, as usual.” McClellan saw his danger & despaired; had prepared his papers to be burnt & his army to surrender. Then came our grand victory at Fredericksburg – you have seen that in the papers. The Yankee papers acknowledged a loss of from 60 to 80,000 but most of these by desertion. After the battle, the Yankees hollered across the river to our men to know if they had any sorry corporal – they wanted to swap Gen. Burnside for him; he was “such a damned fool”. They inquired, “Where was Jackson?” Answer-“He has resigned.” “What for?” “They took his quartermaster away from him.” Yankee—“He must have been a good officer that caused the resignation, who was he?” Confederate-“Gen’l Banks.” When General Lee returned into Virginia, Stuart (with his cavalry) made a raid into Pennsylvania through Maryland, destroyed much stores(army), and got a great many horses, but they were lubberly, overgrown, and of no use. Many gave out just leading them back. Nearly all the others died from exposure. While there, hearing a machine running, they sent to stop the machine and bring the horses. While taking the horses, the owner came out and said “Men, you is cutting up strong this morning-whose command is you of anyhow?” Answer-“The so called Rebel General Jackson. Dutch – “Shackson, mein Gott!” in great alarm. While Hill’s division was encamped here after being in Maryland, many of them were barefooted-many without hats-but few had blankets (they much worn and thin) and no tents. Yet these men had traveled and fought over those turnpikes and rugged mountains in high spirits and were thirsting for more fights, and would buy anything at any price. They offered $2.50 for a dozen of apples, any price for potatoes and honey, milk, butter, eggs, chickens, poultry. The citizens generally gave them everything they could spare and their meals. They did not like this and was anxious to pay. One man said he was very hungry but was no beggar, and if they would not take pay, he would not eat the meat and bread. He put it down and went away. While here, they gave $100.00 for two canteens of apple brandy (fresh from the still) and one soldier, perfectly barefooted, gave $10.00 for a very small paper of candy. They would climb the tallest trees to catch squirrels, surround fields & run down partridges, rabbits, and in one instance, a fox. And if my children (particularly Robert ) went to camp, the greatest fuss would be made of them and they would give them anything. If I took Rob behind me, they would hollow out “put the boy down-let me have him.” J.W. Ware
To – Capt. JA Ware Texas

waregenealogy.com 10 December 2013 Web. 20 June 2016.

The Official Record of the War of the Rebellion – Report of W. Hancock, Chapter XIX, Official Record, Series I, Part 2, Vol. 19. Hancock, Caldwell, Zook, Munford reports. pp. 91-97.

wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. 20 June 2016 (Map Gallery):

1850 Charlestown, Va. plat; Jefferson County broken up into parcels; 1864 S. Howell Brown War Map.

fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web 20 June 2016:

Nathaniel Willis service record with the Confederate Virginia 6th Cavalry;

Charles Henry Trueman – 1860 Census – Pennsylvania, Fayette, Tyrone Township, Page 172;

Image Credits (Includes images in the corresponding video):

Mary Ames – frontispiece – “From a New England Woman’s Diary in Dixie in 1865.”
docsouth.unc.edu 19 January 2001 Web. 20 June 2016.

St. Clair Mulholland – courtesy of the US Army HEC, Carlisle, PA.

William McCarter – from book’s frontispiece: googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016.

Charles Aglionby – from Vol. 2, Aglionby Papers, Jefferson County Museum – Charles Town, WV.

Semblance of Anne Madison Willis Ambler – see under wikigallery “Lady Writing a Letter.”

Heros Von Borcke – Uploaded by bruceyrock632
fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web 20 June 2016.

George Neese – vagenweb.org/shenandoah 7 August 2008 Web. 20 June 2016.

hathitrust.org 9 September 2008, Web. 20 June 2016:

West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: [County reports and maps.] Jefferson, Berkeley and Morgan counties. ([Wheeling, W. Va., Wheeling News Litho. Co., 1916.]) hathitrust.org 9 September 2008, Web. 20 June 2016.

Volck, Adalbert J. (1864). “Sketches from the civil war in North America, 1861, ’62, ’63, / by V. Blada [pseud.]. London, Baltimore. reprinted in The Magazine of History with NOTES and QUERIES Extra Number No. 60. 1917. Tarrytown, NY: William Abbott Printers.

home page.

Searching for Arms;

Slaves Concealing their Masters from a Search Party;

Cave Life in Vicksburg.

The Library of Congress loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 20 June 2016:

[Map of Loudoun County and part of Clarke County, Va., Jefferson County and part of Berkeley County, W. Va., 1864 by Howell Brown;

artwork

Title: [The 1st Virginia Cavalry at a halt]. Creator(s): Waud, Alfred R. (Alfred Rudolph), 1828-1891, artist. Date Created/Published: [1862 September].

artwork

Title: Map of Jefferson County, Virginia. Summary: Shows Jefferson County before the formation of West Virginia in 1863. Contributor Names: Brown, S. Howell. Created / Published [S.l., s.n.,] 1852.

artwork

Title: [Unidentified girl in mourning dress holding framed photograph of her father as a cavalryman with sword and Hardee hat]. Date Created/Published: [between 1861 and 1870]. Medium: 1 photograph : sixth-plate tintype, hand-colored ; 9.5 x 8.4 cm (case). Summary: Photo shows a girl holding a framed image of her father. Judging from her necklace, mourning ribbons, and dress, it is likely that her father was killed in the war. (Source: Matthew R. Gross and Elizabeth T. Lewin, 2010). Liljenquist Collection.

artwork

Title: [Savage Station, Va. Field hospital after the battle of June 27]Creator(s): Gibson, James F., b. 1828, photographer. Date Created/Published: 1862 June 30.Medium: 1 negative : glass, stereograph, wet collodion. Summary: Photograph from the main eastern theater of war, the Peninsular Campaign, May-August 1862.

artwork

Title: [Two unidentified portraits of girl and boy in locket]. Date Created/Published: [between 1861 and 1865]. Medium: 2 photographs in 1 case : ninth-plate tintype, trimmed to circle, hand-colored ; 4.8 cm diameter (case).

artwork

wikigallery.org 4 May 2009 Web. 20 June 2016:

Thomas Faed – “Lady Writing a Letter


wikipedia.org 27 November 2002 Web. 20 June 2016
:

Charlotte Elliott;

A.P. Hill;

Jeb Stuart;

Alfred Pleasonton;

Andrew Humphreys;

St. Clair A. Mulholland.

John R. Brooke
suvcw.org/mollus 22 July 1997 Web. 20 June 2016

the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 May 2016:

Eastman Johnson –
Old Man, Seated (1880-1885);

Not at Home (1873);

The Hatch Family – (1871);

Self Portrait – circa 1860;

The Lord is My Shepherd – circa 1863;

Winslow Homer –
Cornfield (1873)

Campfire (1877-1878)

Jervis McEntee – Gathering Autumn Leaves, Date unknown.

Edward Moran – The First Ship Entering NY Harbor, Sept. 11, 1609 – Date unknown.

William Sidney Mount – (detail) Farmer Whetting His Scythe – (1848).

William Ludlow Sheppard – In the hospital, 1862, watercolor.
courtesy The Museum of the Confederacy)
encyclopediavirginia.org 8 November 2006 Web. 20 June 2016.

Bolivar Heights and Gap of Harper’s Ferry, W. Va.
1884/08/02 – Biscoe, Thomas, and Walter.
wvhistoryonview.org 9 October 2010 Web. 20 June 2016

Edwin Forbes – ”Bummers” –
dickinson.edu 22 December 1996 Web. 20 June 2016

Unknown Artist 19th-Century American School Fredericksburg, VA Family in a War-Torn House 1860s. bjws.blogspot.com 30 July 2014 Web. 20 June 2016.

Eyre Crowe – Slaves Waiting for Sale: Richmond, Virginia, 1861. Collection of Teresa Heinz. abhmuseum.org 7 March 2012 Web. 20 June 2016.


Volck, Adalbert J.
 (1864). “V. Blada’s War Sketches.” London, Baltimore:
Titles: Searching for Arms; Slaves Concealing their Masters from a Search Party; Cave Life in Vicksburg

Howard Pyle – The Battle of Nashville by Howard Pyle (courtesy Minnesota Historical Society); The attack upon the Chew House, Scribner’s Monthly Magazine, (June, 1898).

(detail) Artist Unknown “Off to the Front” circa 1861 West Point Museum, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York.

John Brown melodeon
kshs.org 28 November 2012 Web 20 June 2016.

ebooks.library.cornell.edu 28 August 2004 Web. 20 June 2016:

Strother, David H., “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 35, Issue: 207, August, 1867. –
p. 288 – man on horse in the rain.

Crayon, Porte (Strother, D. H.). “The Mountains – VIII.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. Volume 47 Issue: 282 (November, 1873). – p. 827 – hands and lighting.

Strother, David H., “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 35, Issue: 210, November, 1867.
p. 725 – humiliated.

Strother, David H., “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 34, Issue: 200, January, 1867
p. 190 – grief two women.

digitalcollections.baylor.edu 18 February 2012 Web. 20 June 2016

Military map showing the topographical features of the country adjacent to Harper’s Ferry, Va. including Maryland, Loudoun and Bolivar Heights, and portions of South and Short Mountains, with the positions of the defensive works, also the Junction of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers.

archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016:

Winfield Hancock, from Mulholland, St. Clair Augustin. (1899). “The story of the 116th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry. War of secession, 1862-1865.” [Philadelphia, F. McManus, jr., & co.]. p. 128.

“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 1”. (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co.

p. 126 – Affair of the outposts;

p. 153 – A mother’s parting gift;

p. 482 – Bivouac of the federal troops, Sunday night;

“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 2”. (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co.:

p. 28 – (detail) confederate picket;

p. 112 – provost guard;

p. 262 – federal battery team at attention;

p. 271 – Trooper, Virginia Cavalry, 1861;

p. 358 – charge on the sutler;

p. 444 – Richmond Street scene;

p. 512 – Confederate army on the march;

p. 576 – haystacks near South Mountain, Maryland;

p. 751 – wounded man lying down arm up;

“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 3”. (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co.

p. 70 – Confederate picket with blanket-capote and raw-hide mocassins

p. 393 – Farnsworth’s charge

Miller, Francis Trevelyan. (1912). “The photographic history of the civil war in ten volumes.” Vol. 4. New York, NY: The Review of Reviews Co. archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016.

p. 47 – First Extensive Cavalry Camp.

p. 74 – One of the regiments that Stuart eluded.

p. 327 – In barracks a comfortable spot for the cavalry trooper.

Miller, Francis Trevelyan. (1912). “The photographic history of the civil war in ten volumes.” Vol. 7. New York, NY: The Review of Reviews Co. archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016.

p. 251 – Prayer with the wounded after Spotsylvania.

Frank Vizetelly – Genl Stuart’s Head Quarters, Advanced Post. of the Confederate Army in Northern Virginia.” [Northern Virginia, Oct.-Nov. 1862].
Frank Vizetelly Drawings, 1861-1865 (MS Am 1585). Houghton Library, Harvard University. oasis.lib.harvard.edu 12 October 2007 Web. 20 June 2016.

home page.
Genl Stuart’s Head Quarters.

Image of Thomas Hite Willis
“The Hite Families in Jefferson County: Thomas Hite Willis, 1800-1884”. Magazine of the Historical Society of Jefferson County.” Vol. Volume XXXI. Charles Town, WV: Jefferson County Historical Society.

FacebookTwitterGoogle+Share

The Humble Harvest & Eternal Voices – (4) by Jim Surkamp

by Jim Surkamp on September 1, 2016 in Jefferson County

Made possible with the generous, community-minded support of American Public University System. Any views expressed are not a reflection of modern-day policies of the University and the content is meant to encourage dispassionate, informed discussion of American history. More . . .

Researched, written and produced by Jim Surkamp

VIDEO: The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 4 – Skirmish TRT: 23:35/33:48 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The_Humble_Harvest_Thy_Will_13c


The Humble Harvest and Eternal Voices October, 1872 Jefferson County, West Virginia

After_a_great_battle
Mary_Clemmer_Ames_Mattes_D


After a great battle Deeds of valor are no longer dreams gone by. We live in knightly days; our men are dauntless men. Will there ever be one to write the life of the common soldier?

Montage_October_15_1862_HH_Part_4
driven_in_Map_1852_HH_4



For most of October, 1862, federal and confederate picket lines faced one another on a line many miles long and running between Charles Town and Harpers Ferry. Then the massive Federal Army that had been resting on the Maryland side of the Potomac finally bestirred itself. A sizeable force crossed the Potomac at Shepherdstown under Andrew Humphreys, the other from their Bolivar Heights encampment near Harpers Ferry, under the command of Winfield Hancock. The latter force of some 9000 men drove in Confederate pickets from Halltown back to Charles Town. There they positioned four guns and some defense provided by the locally raised 12th Virginia Cavalry regiment. That small group faced and held off for some four hours on the edge of Charlestown a force three to four times greater than their own.

Hancocks_Eyes_Montage


Once the size of the Confederate force was ascertained, helped by some spy work from African-American Charles Henry Trueman and local Unionist, Horatio Riddle, Gen. Hancock withdrew his force back to their camp at Bolivar Heights. William McCarter and St. Clair Mulholland of the 150th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment took away two completely different memories of that first day in combat.

Neese_Balloon_split_screen


October 14 — Still on picket. This morning I saw a captive balloon anchored over the Yankee camp in the direction of Harper’s Ferry. Balloon reconnoitering seems to be a safe way of making observations of an enemy’s forces, movements, and encampments, and where the country is level and not too much wooded. October 15th The Confederate picket ran from Walpers Crossroad and railroad in Kearneysville to Berry’s Ferry with the main camp on Berryville Pike near Rippon on the farms of Mr. Frame and Mr. Fleming. This brigade, consisting of the Twelfth, Seventh, Sixth, and part of the Second Virginia Cavalries, was held to support the picket in rear of the town. The 12th Va. Cavalry, on the other hand, picketed at Charlestown with four artillery pieces: The Twelfth Virginia Cavalry was under the command of Lieut. Col. R. H. Burks. Capt. B. H. Smith, Jr. commanded the the Richmond Howitzers, using two, 10-pounder Parrotts and one from Watson’s battery. Lieut. J. W. Carter, manned one three-inch rifle gun provided by Roger Preston Chew’s Artillery.

October 16th 6:30 AM:

Four_Guns

Left camp at 6:30 on Bolivar Heights – joined pickets at Halltown continued towards Charlestown. The reconnaissance was made by the First Division, Second Corps, reinforced by Campbell’s company of Horse Artillery and Tompkin’s Rhode Island Battery and a squadron of cavalry. The column soon struck the enemy’s picket which, after a few shots, retired towards the village of Charlestown. The advance of our column encountered the enemy’s pickets beyond Halltown, drove them in, and pursued until, when within short artillery range of the high ground this side of Charlestown, the enemy was found posted. Our cavalry under the command of General T. T. Munford retired before this force until they reached a point about half a mile below Charles Town, known as the Old Fair Grounds.

Here a section of Chew’s Battery under Lieutenant J. W. Carter and two guns of the Richmond Howitzers, and a third company under Captain B. H. Smith were all placed in position. The Federal batteries went into position near some large trees on Butler’s Hill, below Charlestown along the Pike. The Confederates opened fire upon us with artillery. (We) opened on the enemy, who had planted their batteries on the hill about three quarters of a mile below, known as Butler’s Hill. Shells began to fly and were seen bursting among the guns.

William_McCarter_Matte_D


Then the order to advance; and when volunteers were called for to go ahead and tear down the fences, every one was anxious to be first to rush into what would seem to be a dangerous duty. How they made the fences fly and clear the way! Then the advance in the clear, bracing air. Oh, it was glorious war at last! Our lieutenant-colonel (St. Clair Mulholland) at the top of his voice shouted, “Steady, men, steady.” This was sufficient, no more “dodging” afterwards. The Confederates opened fire from four guns, and deployed dismounted cavalry as skirmishers in their front and flanks. The shell hit several hundred feet beyond, injuring no one, not even bursting. It came from a Rebel battery in a clump of woods on the other side of Charlestown hitherto unseen by us. The ball was now opened by the enemy.

M_A_Reno_D
explode_post_alpha_retouch


Our horse artillery battery, supported by Capt. M. A. Reno’s First Cavalry, then engaged the enemy. “Boom, boom, boom,” was the reply from three guns of our artillery. The cannons shook the earth and sent howling and screeching missiles through the air into the very center of the town. The artillery men had fired three spherical case shot. This artillery round was a kind of shell, varying in size and powers of destruction. It contained from 50-100 musket balls, all connected or run together, in the center of which was a heavy charge of powder. The fuse, like that of a regular shell, was ignited when the shot left the gun. It caused the missile to burst in a designated area after the range of the place had been obtained. The length or form of the fuse was so regulated that the explosion of the shot took place exactly where and when it was intended to do, hurling the musket balls in every direction, each one of them being as deadly as if discharged from a rifle. After the discharge of the three shots, all was still and quiet for a moment. The gunners keenly followed with their eyes, as best they could through the smoke, their messengers of death until they were lost to view in the streets of the ill-fated town, where they were expected to explode. No reply whatever came from the Rebel battery on the opposite hill beyond Charlestown. Nor was there any advance made by his infantry to capture or attack our artillery. A moment longer, then “Boom, boom, boom,” from three more of our guns. This noise was followed by the same anxious gaze of the gunners looking for the results of their fire. They did not long remain in suspense.

RPChew_D

Roger Preston Chew of the Confederate battery wrote:

A severe engagement between the artillery on either side took place at this point, although the enemy were greatly superior in number and guns. About ten minutes later, during which time our cannonade had ceased, a dense volume of smoke, then flame, burst high up in the air. It was located about at the center of town, threatening destruction all around. This seemed to arouse the enemy. Their battery, hitherto almost silent, opened a rapid and steady fire on ours, making the affair for a while an artillery duel. With four pieces of artillery, admirably handled, these gallant officers and men held at bay for four hours the advance of McClellan’s grand army.

McCarter wrote:
The Rebels, now seeming to have got our exact range of our battery, commenced throwing solid shot, undoubtedly with the object of dismounting our guns. Our gunners worked with double energy. Up to this time, none of our artillerymen had been killed or hurt. But very soon afterwards, it was my own painful experience, as well as that of the great majority of my regiment, to witness the almost instant death of one of our brave artillerymen.

Rugus_Pettit_battery_cannon
burial_Spots_2


When in the act of sponging out one of the guns, a solid shot from the Rebel battery hit him fair and square, tearing completely away both legs close up to his body. He was carried to the rear of my own regiment, a little behind the battery on lower ground, where he died in a very few minutes without uttering a word. He was rolled up on his “Winding Sheet,” his blanket, and left on the field to be buried in his soldier’s grave, after the action was over, a martyr to the cause of liberty and humanity. A few seconds afterwards, another missile of the same description and from the same source, took the entire head off of one of his comrades manning another of the guns, as clean as if cut off with a knife or axe. His body was not moved from where it fell during our stay on that part of the field of strife. Ten minutes after this occurrence, two more artillery men had been severely wounded, one losing a hand, and the other run over by the wheel of a gun carriage changing position. There were four casualties in this battery alone, two of them being sadly and fearfully fatal.

McCarter’s commander Mulholland recalled differently:

St_Clair_A_Mulholland_D


Shells were screaming and bursting and the guns roaring and echoing. But while men were killed and wounded in the batteries, so far as the command was concerned the fight amounted to but sound and smoke, for not a man of the regiment was hit (The battery was not in his regiment.-JS). The force of the enemy proved to be but one battery of artillery supported by some cavalry and, after a vigorous exchange of shots, retired before the advancing infantry. Column was formed again and the march to Charlestown resumed. When passing the spot where the batteries stood the men had a chance to see a little of the horrors as well as the glories of a fight. Men were already digging shallow graves to which to bury bleeding masses of human flesh and bones that a few moments before had been men full of life and vigor, standing by their guns and in turn hurling death and defiance. The wounded were being carried to the rear on stretchers from which warm blood was dripping. Mammoth trees had been pierced through by the shells; and the earth was rent and torn in all directions. The Confederates, considering their numbers, had made a most gallant defense, and only yielded ground when the long line of Union infantry advanced. The battery that had fought the Union guns so nobly proved to be the Richmond Howitzer Artillery, commanded by Captain B. H. Smith, Jr. The brave fellow with his leg shot off was lying by the road side rejoicing that his guns got away safely. One gun of our (Confederate) battery and three pieces of the Richmond Howitzers fought them and held them in check until our ammunition was exhausted. We soon ascertained that the enemy had been driven away by the fire of our artillery, together with the threatened attacks by the infantry. His force only consisted of the artillery already referred to, and with two or three regiments of cavalry.

fire_smoke2


The town was at once taken possession of and the troops suitably disposed for defense. The command remained in Charlestown until about 2 pm on the 16th. We then retired from action, as it is perfectly indiscreet to try to hold a position without ammunition, especially under fire. The Yankees advanced as far as Charlestown. Toward evening our infantry advanced and occupied the heights surrounding the town, within artillery range.

Gen. Hancock reported that his successful count of the Confederate numbers was helped by his balloon but also by two good spies – Charles Henry Trueman, but who was a freed African-American from Pennsylvania who was captured by men in Munford’s brigade – and a local man named Horatio Riddle, whose place was located near Rippon and almost adjacent to Gen. Munford’s camp for his full brigade. Trueman escaped over to Hancock’s camp.

Charles Aglionby summarized that night in his diary:

Chas.Yates.Aglionby_Matte


There was considerable firing near Charlestown with cannon. Some few killed and wounded. A skirmish took place at Elk Branch church. One Yankee shot in the arm.

John_Locher_Knott_Co_D_12th_Va_Cav
Aglionby_30_Yankees_Montage


Captain Knott lightly wounded on the point of the shoulder. A body of cavalry were in our lower field in the evening – about thirty Yankee cavalry passed thru Mr. Moore’s and Mr. Ranson’s field in sight of our house. The retiring cavalry and artillery of the Confederates passed before our house. That night the Federals bivouacked on their left towards Berryville on the site of the hanging of martyr John Brown.

Recalled Mulholland:

John_Brown_ascending_the_scaffold_preparatory_to_being_hanged_cph.3c32551


The regiment bivouacked in the field where old John Brown had been hanged, and great interest was manifested when the men learned of the fact. After dark, the rain fell in torrents, soaking everyone. Lieutenant Frank T. Quinlan was sent out in command of the picket, and reported next morning that his line had been charged in the darkness by a flock of sheep with, it was thought, a serious loss of life on behalf of the latter. Remaining in the town until evening of the following day, the whole command started on the return to Harper’s Ferry and camped in the fields near Halltown during the night. Quite a jolly evening it was. Everyone was in overflowing spirits. The camp fires crackled on all sides. Plenty of fence rails and even fresh bread seemed to come from somewhere, and fresh pork was plentiful. The regiment had not lost a man, to be sure, but had seen a genuine fight, heard the scream of the shells and seen a caisson blown up and men knocked over. Surely it was a taste of real war and now everyone could almost begin to feel like veterans.

Campfire_Winsow_Homer

POSTS:

(1) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 1 2753 words. (Repost from 5.17.2016)

(2) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 2. 3275 words.

(3) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 3. 2933 words.

(4) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 4. 5470 words.

(5) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 5 – Conclusion. 10,449 words.

VIDEOS:

UPDATED: The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 5 – Conclusion TRT: 29:00/53:34 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 4 – Skirmish TRT: 23:35/33:48 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 3 TRT: 14:08/26:14 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 2 TRT: 21:48/27:40 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 1. TRT: 17:25/21:14 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

References:

Charles Aglionby Papers and Civil War Diary, Volume 2 Jefferson County Museum, Charles Town, WV.

Ambler, Anne W. (1971). “Diary of Anne Madison Willis Ambler (1836-1888): A Civil War Experience.” (submitted by her granddaughter, Anne Madison Ambler Baylor Mrs. Robert Garnet Baylor). Magazine of the Historical Society of Jefferson County.” Vol. Volume XXXVII. Charles Town, WV: Jefferson County Historical Society, p. 29.

Ames, Mary C. (1872). “Eirene, Or A Woman’s Right.” New York, NY: G. P. Putnam & Sons. googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016. pp. 155-177.

Baylor, George. (1900).”Bull Run to Bull Run: Four years in the army of northern Virginia.” Richmond, VA: B. F. Johnson Publishing. archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016.
https://archive.org/details/bullruntobullru00baylgoog

Chew, Roger P. (1911). “Military Operations in Jefferson County, Virginia (and West Va.) 1861-1865.” [s.l.]: Charles Town, WV: published by authority of Jefferson County Camp, U.C.V. [by] Farmers Advocate Printing. pp. 36-37. archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016.

Marmion, Annie P. (1959).”Under Fire: An Experience in the Civil War.” William V. Marmion, Jr. editor. self-published.

McCarter, William. (1996). “My Life in the Irish Brigade The Civil War Memoirs of Private William McCarter, 116th Pennsylvania Infantry.” edited by Kevin E. O’Brien. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Group. googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016.

Mulholland, St. Clair Augustin. (1899). “The story of the 116th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry. War of secession, 1862-1865.” [Philadelphia, F. McManus, jr., & co.]. archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016.

Neese, George. (1911). “Three years in the Confederate horse artillery.” New York, Washington: The Neale Publishing Co. archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016.

Charles Henry Trueman – The New York Times, October 22, 1862 nytimes.com 12 November 1996 Web. 20 June 2016.
FROM BOLIVAR HEIGHTS.; The Story of a Free Negro–His Estimate of the Rebel Strength–Gen. Stuart’s Raid-Rebel Fears and Feelings.Published: October 22, 1862, The New York Times, October 22, 1862 nytimes.com 12 November 1996 Web. 20 June 2016.

wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. 20 June 2016 (Map Gallery):

1850 Charlestown, Va. plat;

1864 Samuel Howell Brown War Map.

fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web 20 June 2016:

1860 Census, Jefferson County, p. 137. Fleming, Solomon (b. ~1809), Fleming, Jane (b. ~1840), Fleming, Sarah A (b. ~1810);

1860 Census, Jefferson County, Charlestown, p. 172 Riddle, Marry (b. ~1852), Riddle, Anna S. (b. ~1857), Riddle, Horatio R. (b. ~1812);

1860 Census, Jefferson County, Rippon, p. 131. Frame, Frances P (b. ~1811);

Colored Troops Service Records:
Henry Trueman 5th U.S. colored Heavy Artillery

The Official Record of the War of the Rebellion Report of W. Hancock, Chapter XIX, Official Record, Series I, Part 2, Vol. 19. Hancock, Caldwell, Zook, Munford reports. pp. 91-97.

SUPPLEMENTAL:

From the Report of Winfield Hancock:
CHARLESTOWN, October [17], 1862. I have it from reliable authority, I think, that the enemy are in force at Winchester and Bunker Hill. My informant, a good Union man, certified to by Colonel Miles, a Northern man, says they are sending their wagons here every day and taking all the flour and wheat they can find in the country. They are destroying the railroad between here and Winchester. They were expected here to-day for the same purpose.

He says there are from (one-two regiment) 800 to 1,000 cavalry about here and five guns. They have an encampment of cavalry of several regiments 3 miles from here,
on the Berryville road. This gentleman says there is a very large force between Bunker Hill and Winchester, although he says he thinks they are packing up, preparatory to a move. This gentleman says he is certain that the enemy were at Winchester yesterday. Your obedient servant, WINFD S. HANCOCK, Brigadier- General, Commanding Division. Major WALKER. P. S.This gentleman is Mr. Riddle, brother-in-law to Colonel Strother (Porte Crayon). – p. 91.

Hancock’s full report:

HEADQUARTERS HANCOCKS DIVISION, Harpers Ferry, Va., October 22, 1862. MAJOR: On the 16th instant, in obedience to instructions, I marched toward Charlestown, Va., with my division and 1,500 men of other divisions, under command of Col. NY. H. Lee, Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteers, and a force of cavalry, with a battery of four guns (horse artillery), Colonel Devin being in command thereof. The advance, under Maj. C. J. Whiting, Second Regiment Cavalry, consisting of portions of the First, Second, Fifth, and Sixth Regular Cavalry, with the horse artillery battery of four guns, under command of Lieut. George Dickenson, Fourth Regiment of Artillery, started at daylight, and was immediately followed by the command. The advance of our column encountered the enemy’s pickets beyond Halltown, drove them in, and pursued until, w hen within short artillery range of the high ground this side of Charlestown, the enemy was found posted. He opened fire upon us with artillery. Our horse artillery battery, supported by Capt. M. A. Reno’s First Cavalry, then engaged the enemy, who opened fire from five guns, and deployed dis- mounted cavalry as skirmishers on their front and flanks. The infantry was brought up as soon as practicable and deployed, and our batteries placed in position. An advance was immediately made, Capt. William W. Tompkins battery, Third Regiment Artillery [John A. Tompkins battery, A, First Rhode Island], opening at the same time. We soon ascertained that the enemy had been driven away by the fire of our artillery, together with the threatened attack by the infantry. his force only consisted of the artillery already referred to, with two or three regiments of cavalry. The town was at once taken possession of and the troops suitably disposed for defense. Toward evening our infantry advanced and occupied the heights surrounding the town, within artillery range. The infantry was afterward withdrawn, and the roads guarded by the cavalry. A reconnaissance was then made a distance of several miles, in the direction of Bunker Hill, by the cavalry, under Capt. M. A. Reno, supported by Maj. C. J. Whiting’s command. Major-General McClellan, commanding the Army of the Potomac, having arrived in Charlestown shortly after we had occupied it, directed the movements last referred to, and, having obtained all the information for which the reconnaissance was made. No further operations were undertaken. The command remained in Charlestown until about 2 p. m. the next day, when we received orders to return. It then marched to Halltown, and occupied that position during the night. The next morning, after an examination of the roads, and it being found there was no enemy in front, the command returned to Harpers Ferry. Early on the morning of the 16th, I sent one squadron up the railroad as far as Kearneysville. It proceeded to that point without meeting General Humphreys command, as was expected, and, having performed the task assigned it, returned to camp, the commander making his report direct to the commander of the Second Corps d’Armee. I regret I have not the name of this officer. While in Charlestown I appointed Col. J. R. Brooke, of the Fifty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, military governor, the better to preserve order. About 100 officers and soldiers of the Confederate Army were found in the town, consisting entirely, it is believed, of surgeons, hospital attendants, convalescents, and sick. Twenty-six were sent to the provost-marshal at Harpers Ferry, and 38 wounded and unable to be removed, were paroled. Time did not permit the paroling of all who were severely wounded, as they were scattered throughout the town, requiring more time than we had for the purpose, to find them. The casualties on either side were about equal, and were not numerous. I found some parts of artillery carriages belonging to the enemy, which I destroyed. The officers and troops behaved well. Col. J. R. Brooke, commanding the advance guard of infantry; Maj. C. J. Whiting, Second Regiment Cavalry; Capt. M. A. Reno, First Regiment Cavalry, commanding the supports to the horse artillery; First Lieut. George Dickenson, Fourth Artillery, commanding that battery; Second Lieut. Arthur Morris, Fourth Artillery, temporarily attached to said battery, and Capt. C. H. Morgan, Fourth Artillery, chief of artillery of the corps, who made the dispositions of the artillery, are the only officers whom it is thought deserve special mention. First Lieuts. N. Bowen and J. H. Wilson, Topographical Engineers, were present, and afforded me valuable assistance. Herewith please find the paroles of prisoners, and the reports of Brig. Gen. J. C. Caldwell, commanding Second Brigade; Col. S. K. Zook, commanding Third Brigade; Col. W. R. Lee, commanding Third Brigade, Second Division, and Maj. C. J. Whiting, Second Cavalry; also report of Lieutenant Ritzius, provost-marshal of this division. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WINFD S. HANCOCK, Brigadier- General, Commanding Division.
pp. 91-93

SUPPLEMENTAL From book by St. Clair Mulholland on the night after the skirmish:

The regiment bivouacked in the field where old John Brown had been hanged, and great interest was manifested when the men learned of the fact. After dark the rain fell in torrents, soaking everyone. Lieutenant Frank T. Quinlan was sent out in command of the picket, and reported next morning that his line had been charged in the darkness by a flock of sheep with, it was thought, a serious loss of life on behalf of the latter. Remaining in the town until evening of the following day, the whole command started on the return to Harper’s Ferry and camped in the fields near Halltown during the night. Quite a jolly evening it was. Everyone was in overflowing spirits. The camp fires crackled on all sides. Plenty of fence rails and even fresh bread seemed to come from somewhere, and fresh pork was plentiful. The regiment had not lost a man, to be sure, but had seen a genuine fight, heard the scream of the shells and seen a caisson blown up and men knocked over. Surely it was a taste of real war and now everyone could almost begin to feel like veterans.

While stationed at Harper’s Ferry a call was made for volunteers to fill up the depleted ranks of some of the field batteries of the regular army. Twelve men of the One Hundred and Sixteenth volunteered, and were transferred to Battery A, Fourth Artillery, where they served until the close of the war. Of the number, Michael Hickey, William Miller, Joseph Meander, and John McCormack were wounded at Gettysburg. – p. 38.

SUPPLEMENTAL From George Baylor’s “From Bull Run to Bull Run” on the skirmish:

On the 18th (September), Company B was ordered back to Harper’s Ferry, with instructions to picket the Potomac at that point and report any movement of the enemy in that direction.
This position was held by our company until the enemy crossed in force and drove us back to Halltown. We remained at Halltown until the i6th of October, when a column of the enemy under General Hancock advanced, and, after a brisk fight just east of Charlestown, our small force of cavalry under Colonel Mumford was driven back, and Charlestown was occupied by the enemy.

On the afternoon of the 17th, General Hancock withdrew his command to Harper’s Ferry, and Charlestown was again occupied by us and pickets posted at Halltown. General McClellan having now crossed the Potomac east of the Blue Ridge, began his march southward, and General Lee, who had been resting his army near Bunker Hill, moved across the mountains to confront him, but our company was left at its post.

On November 1st, while our company reserve was occupying a little woods on the Brown farm, we were surprised in our camp in the early morning by a dash made by the enemy’s cavalry. Our horses were unsaddled and unbridled and tied to trees. Awakening from our slumbers and realizing the situation, we fought the enemy on foot and drove them out of camp and over a hill in our front; then, while keeping up a fire with a few men, the others retired to camp, saddled, bridled, and mounted, and, making a charge on the enemy, drove them back to Halltown. Just in front of Mr. Shaeffer’s house my horse received a fatal wound and I a slight one in the calf of my leg, which was not sufficient to render me hors de combat, pp. 73-74.

SUPPLEMENTAL From Roger Preston Chew’s “Military operations in Jefferson County, Virginia (and West Va.) 1861-1865” on the skirmish:
MARKER NUMBER TWENTY-ONE – Artillery Duel at Old Fair Grounds Near Charles Town.

After the battle of Sharpsburg, McClellan remained north of the Potomac for about thirty days, when he crossed below Harpers Ferry with his artillery on October 16, 1863. To screen that movement he sent Hancock with a large force of infantry, cavalry and artillery to make a reconnaissance in the direction of Charles Town. Our cavalry under the command of General T. T. Munford retired before this force until they reached a point about half a mile below Charles Town, known as the Old Fair Grounds. Here a section of Chew’s Battery under Lieutenant J. W.
Carter and two guns of the Richmond Howitzers, third company under Captain B. H. Smith were placed in position, and opened on the enemy, who had planted their batteries on the hill about three quarters of a mile below, known as Butler’s Hill.

A severe engagement between the artillery on either side took place at this point, although the enemy were greatly superior in number and guns. The Confederate guns soon got the range and inflicted serious damage upon the enemy. The resistance on their part was so bold and determined that the Federals were delayed for several hours, and after the retirement of the guns they occupied Charles Town until the next day when they retired to Harpers Ferry.

Lieutenant J. W. Carter, who was greatly distinguished as an artillery officer and a man of superb courage and daring, was noticed in Official Report by General Munford, and recommended for promotion. Our forces retired towards Berryville undisturbed by the enemy. – pp. 36-37.

Image Credits – Includes images from the corresponding video:

Mary Ames – frontispiece – “From a New England Woman’s Diary in Dixie in 1865.”
docsouth.unc.edu 19 January 2001 Web. 20 June 2016.

Annie Marmion from book’s frontispiece.

St. Clair Mulholland – courtesy of the US Army HEC, Carlisle, PA.

William McCarter – from book’s frontispiece: googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016.

Charles Aglionby – from Vol. 2, Aglionby Papers, Jefferson County Museum – Charles Town, WV.

Semblance of Anne Madison Willis Ambler – see under wikigallery “Lady Writing a Letter.”

detail, Thomas F. Meagher The Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

Heros Von Borcke – Uploaded by bruceyrock632
fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web 20 June 2016.

George Neese – vagenweb.org/shenandoah 7 August 2008 Web. 20 June 2016.

hathitrust.org 9 September 2008, Web. 20 June 2016:

West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: [County reports and maps.] Jefferson, Berkeley and Morgan counties. ([Wheeling, W. Va., Wheeling News Litho. Co., 1916.]) hathitrust.org 9 September 2008, Web. 20 June 2016.

The Library of Congress loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 20 June 2016:

(extreme detail). soldier in rear, right background)
Title: A lone grave on battle-field of Antietam
Summary: Photograph shows five soldiers near a single grave for Pvt. John Marshall, Company L, 28th Pennsylvania Volunteers under a tree on the battlefield of Antietam. Contributor Names: Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882, photographer, Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882, copyright claimant Created / Published: [1862 Sept.]

[Map of Loudoun County and part of Clarke County, Va., Jefferson County and part of Berkeley County, W. Va., and parts of Montgomery and Frederick counties, Md.]. Brown, Samuel Howell. Hoffmann, Paul. Created / Published [1864]

Title: [The 1st Virginia Cavalry at a halt]
Creator(s): Waud, Alfred R. (Alfred Rudolph), 1828-1891, artist
Date Created/Published: [1862 September]

Title: Map of Jefferson County, Virginia
Summary: Shows Jefferson County before the formation of West Virginia in 1863.
Contributor Names: Brown, S. Howell.
Created / Published [S.l., s.n.,] 1852. ;

[Fair Oaks, Va., vicinity. Capt. Rufus D. Pettit’s Battery B, 1st New York Light Artillery, in Fort Richardson]

Liljenquist Collection:

(Unidentified soldier in Confederate uniform]
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/lilj/item/2013645712/resource/

Title: [Unidentified soldier in Richmond Howitzers uniform]
Creator(s): Rees, Charles R., photographer

Title: [Unidentified soldier in 1st Virginia cavalry great coat]
Date Created/Published: [between 1861 and 1865]

Title: [Spotsylvania Court House, Va., vicinity. Burial of soldier by Mrs. Alsop’s house, near which Ewell’s Corps attacked the Federal right on May 19, 1864]
Summary: Photograph from the main eastern theater of war, Grant’s Wilderness Campaign, May-June 1864.
Contributor Names: O’Sullivan, Timothy H., 1840-1882, photographer
Created / Published: [1864 May 20]

Title: Military map showing the topographical features of the country adjacent to Harper’s Ferry Va. : including Maryland, Loudoun, and Bolivar Heights, and portions of South and Short Mountains, with the positions of the defensive works : also the junction of the Potomac & Shenandoah Rivers, and their passage through the Blue Ridge
Contributor Names: Weyss, J. E., Michler, N. (Nathaniel); United States. Army of the Potomac. Created / Published [Washington, D.C.?] : Engineer Dept., Army of the Potomac, [1863?]

findagrave.org 2 February 2001 Web. 20 June 2016:

Rufus D. Pettit – Birth: Jul. 4, 1825, Bridgewater, Oneida County, New York, USA
Death: Oct. 24, 1891, New York, USA

wikipedia.org 27 November 2002 Web. 20 June 2016:

Marcus A. Reno
Born November 15, 1834
Carrollton, Illinois
Died March 30, 1889 (aged 54)

Thomas T. Munford
Born March 29, 1831
Richmond, Virginia
Died February 27, 1918 (aged 86)
Uniontown, Alabama

Field artillery in the American Civil War.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_artillery_in_the_American_Civil_War

Roger Preston Chew
Born April 9, 1843
Loudoun County, Virginia
Died March 16, 1921 (aged 77)
Charles Town, West Virginia

Winfield Scott Hancock
Born February 14, 1824
Montgomeryville, Pennsylvania
Died February 9, 1886 (aged 61)
Governors Island, New York

Andrew A. Humphreys
Born November 2, 1810
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Died December 27, 1883 (aged 73)
Washington, D.C.
800px-Andrew_A._Humphreys_-_Brady-Handy.jpg

The balloon Washington aboard the George Washington Parke Custis;
USS George Washington Parke Custis (1861)

John Brown ascending the scaffold preparatory to being hanged“, from the December 17, 1859 edition of Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper.

Victoria and Albert Museum, London, UK vam.ac.uk 14 September 2008 Web. 20 June 2016:
John Constable – Sketch at Hampstead, Evening (1820)

the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 May 2016:

Eastman Johnson:
Union Soldiers Accepting A Drink (1865) – Carnegie Museum of Art – Pittsburgh, PA;

Jervis McEntee:
A Misty Day, November, date unknown –

Gathering Autumn Leaves, Date unknown

wikimedia.org 24 July 2003 Web. 20 June 2016:

Winslow Homer – Camp Fire (1880) – Metropolitan Museum of Art

ebooks.library.cornell.edu 28 August 2004 Web. 20 June 2016:

By “A Virginian” (David Hunter Strother), “Virginia Canaan,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine Volume 0008 Issue 43 (December 1853).
p. 24 The alarm (camp fire scene)

Strother, David H., “Virginia Illustrated.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. Volume 13, Issue: 75, (Aug., 1856).
p. 313 – the battering ram

wvhistoryonview.org 9 October 2010 Web. 20 June 2016 (by Thomas and Walter Biscoe, taken in 1884):

Halltown Ridge, W. Va. With Ruin on Left, Looking Southwest;

Bolivar Heights and Gap of Harper’s Ferry, W. Va.;

Harper’s Ferry from Bolivar Heights;

Halltown a Few Miles Southwest from Harpers Ferry, W. Va.;

Harper’s Ferry Gap;

archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016:

“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 1.” (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co.
p. 126 – A Affair of Outposts;

p. 419 – McAllister’s Battery at Fort Donelson;

Miller, Francis Trevelyan. (1912). “The photographic history of the civil war in ten volumes.” Vol. 4. New York, NY: The Review of Reviews Co.
p. 75 – 6th Pennsylvania Cavary – Lancers in the Federal Cavalry

collection1.libraries.psu.edu 21 May 2006 Web. 20 June 2016:

(Edwin Forbes drawings and etchings taken from ‘Life Studies of the Great Army’ series, documenting military life in the Army of the Potomac.” 1876:
1. home page for Edwin Forbes etchings.

2. Going into Action;

3. An Advance of the Cavalry Skirmish.

third phase moon Janet Furlong, earthsky.org 2 September 2000 Web. 20 June 2016

The Humble Harvest & Eternal Voices (3) by Jim Surkamp

by Jim Surkamp on September 3, 2016 in Jefferson County

The_Humble_Harvest_Thy_Will_13c

Made possible with the generous, community-minded support of American Public University System. Any views expressed are not a reflection of modern-day policies of the University and the content is meant to encourage dispassionate, informed discussion of American history. More . . .

Researched, written and produced by Jim Surkamp

VIDEO: The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 3 TRT: 14:08/26:14 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

Jervis_McEntee_Oct_1862_Part_3_a

The Humble Harvest and Eternal Voices – October, 1862 – Jefferson County, West Virginia.

After_a_great_battle

After a Great Battle.

Annie_P_Marmion_D

But just as she passed the window best seen by the Sharpshooters, a gust of wind blew her skirts and a curtain aside. Shots immediately announced that the light had been seen.

William_McCarter_Matte_D

I asked how the child had been killed. A reply given was, in substance, the same as the old man’s. With both hands, she slowly and solemnly raised the blood stained cover off the little breast, saying in sobs as she did so, “Just look here.”

Mary_Clemmer_Ames_Mattes_D

Deeds of valor are no longer dreams gone by. We live in knightly days; our men are dauntless men. Will there ever be one to write the life of the common soldier?

St_Clair_A_Mulholland_D

The regiment had not lost a man to be sure, but had seen a genuine fight, heard the scream of the shells and seen a caisson blowing up and men knocked over.

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.42.39 AM

”Well, you are from the Old Sod, ain’t you?” My reply was simply, ”Yes, sir.”

Montage_13c_Aglionby_Mt_Pleasamt

Last night it rained for an hour or so. I put the ground in fine order for seeding I sent the wagon to Mr. Moore and 27 bushels by measure. The day was fine for seeding. No military to be seen on our side of the hill.

Montage_Rock_Hall_dad_Anne_house

Wednesday, October 15th Pa is becoming rather tired of our South Carolina soldier. Thinks he is sufficiently well to leave.

Heros_Von_Borcke_D

And I enjoyed the ride home the more for being fortunate enough – firing from my horses back with my revolver – to kill a grey squirrel, which, as our mess arrangements had been thrown into utter disorder by the events was gladly welcomed the same evening on our dinner table.

October 14th – Tuesday Weather: cloudy generally all day.
That day in Charlestown, Mrs. Margaret Cameron, a relic of the late Samuel Cameron, in the 66th year of her age, died of consumption.

Wednesday, October 15th:
Pa is becoming rather tired of our South Carolina soldier. Thinks he is sufficiently well to leave. By some means, managed to put him to apple-gathering today. I think he took the hint and will leave tomorrow.

October 15th – Wednesday. Weather: cloudy. A Skirmish at Charlestown, Va. – First Blood, First Impressions, And a once freed man escapes his butternut captors.

Mulholland remembered
:

On the evening of October 15th orders were received to march at daybreak next morning on a reconnaissance down the Shenandoah Valley to Charlestown.

Campfire_Winsow_Homer

What an evening of pleasurable excitement with a dash of anxiety it was! Men sat around the camp fires later than usual and talked of the morrow; or rolled up in their blankets, dozed and dreamed of the anticipated fight, for all knew that there would be a meeting of some kind, as a Confederate force was within a few miles. Candles flickered all over the camp where others were writing letters home, thinking maybe that that would be their last night on earth. Some packed their knapsacks and were all ready to march hours before the dawn. No doubt many never slept at all but sat by the smoldering embers of the camp fire in quiet thought, gazing at the dark mountains or listening to the wash of the Shenandoah’s waters. One can hardly imagine a moment so full of subdued excitement, anticipative hope, fear, sadness, pleasure and all the emotions that human nature is subject to as the eve of a young soldier’s first battle, and as the stars looked down on the calm, still night at Harper’s Ferry they shone on many a beating though brave young heart; and on the morning of that eventful day when the new soldiers were to hear the whistle of the first hostile bullet, no reveille was necessary to call them to arms. Every man was ready long before the time to move.

Private McCarter’s infantry was ordered to march. He wrote: On the night of the 15th, orders were received for the Irish Brigade to march next morning to Charlestown, a small town about six or seven miles distant. We were to move on the Harpers Ferry Pike, our purpose to drive a large force of the enemy, said to number 3,000, out of the town. These men had taken possession of the town only one day previous to our arrival on Bolivar Heights.

October 16th – Thursday Weather: rain late in the day.

McCarter continues:

Biscoe_Halltown_2_BEST_WV_Regional_History_Collection

The road over which my route lay to (Charlestown) was then in a worse condition than it had ever been before. This had been caused by recent rain storms, so common in Virginia, together with being cut up into ruts and gullies by the passage of hundreds of batteries of artillery, Rebel and Union, as well as large bodies of cavalry and infantry of both armies. Nothing but mud, knee-deep, was to be found anywhere in or around Harper’s Ferry for many miles. And it was “Virginia mud,” red, sticky, thick and staining, hard to remove when dry. However, a cavalry horse was set apart for my use. But not being much of a horseman and my route to the town being a constant jam from morning to night of moving bodies of troops arriving from other parts, I preferred Shank’s mare to the animal appointed to carry me.

Charles_Trueman_Montage

That very day Charles Henry Trueman, a freed African American from Fayette County, Pennsylvania – but forced into slavery after being captured in May at Strasburg, Virginia as Federal General Banks’ army was hastily retreating the Valley – he was with the opposing Confederate cavalry at their nearby camp – encamped south west from Charlestown. For weeks Trueman pretended to be illiterate and was therefore given many written, sensitive messages to deliver to the different commands. Of course he studied the messages adding that to what he saw and overheard. So when his moment soon came to escape over to the Federal lines fighting at Charles town he had much to share.

A New York Times reporter met Trueman there and listened to him and concluded in his newspaper’s October 22nd edition:
(Trueman) betrays such unusual intelligence and his statements correspond nearly with what I have previously learned. The following July Trueman enlisted into Company H of the 6th U.S. Colored Troops Infantry.

As the regiments advanced towards Charlestown that autumn day, Mulholland wrote:

Cornfield_Winslow_Homer

Summer lingered late that year. Stacks of hay not yet gathered into the barns were still in the fields. The meadows were yellow with goldenrod, and the regiments’ line was formed in a field still green with rich clover. Ah, how beautiful that bright October morning when for the first time the command formed line to meet the enemy. Every face in the ranks beaming with patriotism, courage, enthusiasm and hope in that long line of young men, the best of the land, men who had risked their precious lives in defense of their country. The calm bravery with which they swept over the flowered fields on that Autumn morning was indicative of what was to be expected on many other and bloodier fields.

The overall Federal Commander Winfield Hancock reported later:

Winfield_Hancock_D_Matte

On the 16th instant, in obedience to instructions, I marched toward Charlestown, Va., with my division and 1,500 men of other divisions,

William_Raymond_Lee_D

under command of Col. W. R. Lee, of the Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteers,

Thomas_Devin_D

and a force of cavalry, with a battery of four guns (horse artillery), Colonel Devin being in command thereof. . . .

cannonading2 copy 3

POSTS:

(1) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 1 2753 words. (Repost from 5.17.2016)

(2) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 2. 3275 words.

(3) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 3. 2933 words.

(4) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 4. 5470 words.

(5) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 5 – Conclusion. 10,449 words.

VIDEOS:

UPDATED: The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 5 – Conclusion TRT: 29:00/53:34 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 4 – Skirmish TRT: 23:35/33:48 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 3 TRT: 14:08/26:14 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 2 TRT: 21:48/27:40 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 1. TRT: 17:25/21:14 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

References:

Charles Aglionby Papers and Civil War Diary, Volume 2 – Jefferson County Museum, Charles Town, WV.

Ambler, Anne W. (1971). “Diary of Anne Madison Willis Ambler (1836-1888): A Civil War Experience.” (submitted by her granddaughter, Anne Madison Ambler Baylor – Mrs. Robert Garnet Baylor). Magazine of the Historical Society of Jefferson County.” Vol. Volume XXXVII. Charles Town, WV: Jefferson County Historical Society, p. 29.

Ames, Mary Clemmer. (1872). “Eirene or A Woman’s Right.” G. P. Putnam & Sons: New York, NY. pp. 155-178.

Ames, Mary C. (1872). “Eirene, Or A Woman’s Right.” New York, NY: G. P. Putnam & Sons. googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016. pp. 155-177.

Chew, Roger P. (1911). “Military Operations in Jefferson County, Virginia (and West Va.) 1861-1865.” [s.l.]: Charles Town, WV: published by authority of Jefferson County Camp, U.C.V. [by] Farmers Advocate Printing. pp. 36-37. archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016.

Marmion, Annie P. (1959).”Under Fire: An Experience in the Civil War.” William V. Marmion, Jr. editor. self-published.

McCarter, William. (1996). “My Life in the Irish Brigade – The Civil War Memoirs of Private William McCarter, 116th Pensylvania Infantry.” edited by Kevin E. O’Brien. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Group. googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016.

Mulholland, St. Clair Augustin. (1899). “The story of the 116th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry. War of secession, 1862-1865.” [Philadelphia, F. McManus, jr., & co.]. archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016.

Charles Henry Trueman – The New York Times, October 22, 1862 nytimes.com 12 November 1996 Web. 20 June 2016.
FROM BOLIVAR HEIGHTS.; The Story of a Free Negro–His Estimate of the Rebel Strength–Gen. Stuart’s Raid-Rebel Fears and Feelings.Published: October 22, 1862, The New York Times, October 22, 1862 nytimes.com 12 November 1996 Web. 20 June 2016.

New York Times Report No. 2: (NOTE ?? question marks in the text are in the reproduced digitized version at nytimes.org).

FROM THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.; Advance of Our Cavalry Pickets Two Miles Into Virginia. The Rebels in Force This Side of Charlestown. JACKSON STILL AT BUNKER’S HILL, A Successful Expedition After Rebel Cavalry. Thirty-two Captured and Several Killed and Wounded. SPECIAL DISPATCH FROM HARPER’S FERRY LATEST REPORTS FROM HEADQUARTERS. SPECIAL DISPATCH FROM FREDERICK. Published: October 22, 1862. The New York Times, October 22, 1862 nytimes.com 12 November 1996 Web. 20 June 2016

The Official Record of the War of the Rebellion Report of W. Hancock, Chapter XIX, Official Record, Series I, Part 2, Vol. 19. Hancock, Caldwell, Zook, Munford reports. pp. 91-97.

Charles Henry Trueman –
Census Records at ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 20 June 2016:

wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. 20 June 2016 (Map Gallery):

1850 Charlestown, Va. plat;

fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web 20 June 2016:

1860 Census, Jefferson County, Charlestown, Va., 162.,
(NOTE: Camerons lived at Lot 15 in Charles Town owned by Levi C. Cordell in 1860 – Jefferson County Courthouse, Charles Town, WV.)

Cameron, Margaret (b. ~1797); Cameron, John W (b. ~1825);

U.S. Colored Troops Service for Charles Henry Trueman;

Service Record of William Raymond Lee 20th Massachusetts Infantry regiment.

findagrave.org 2 February 2001 Web. 20 June 2016:

William Raymond Lee (Aug. 15, 1807-December 26, 1891)

Margaret Curran Cameron (1797-1862) – Edge Hill Cemetery, Charles Town, WV.

Image Credits – Includes images from the corresponding video:

(For Marmion, Mulholland and McCarter, see “References”)

Mary Ames – frontispiece – “From a New England Woman’s Diary in Dixie in 1865.”
docsouth.unc.edu 19 January 2001 Web. 20 June 2016.

Annie Marmion from book’s frontispiece.

St. Clair Mulholland – courtesy of the US Army HEC, Carlisle, PA.

William McCarter – from book’s frontispiece: googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016.

Charles Aglionby – from Vol. 2, Aglionby Papers, Jefferson County Museum – Charles Town, WV.

Semblance of Anne Madison Willis Ambler – Thomas Faed – “Lady Writing a Letter
detail, Thomas F. Meagher The Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

Heros Von Borcke – Uploaded by bruceyrock632
fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web 20 June 2016.

George Neese – vagenweb.org/shenandoah 7 August 2008 Web. 20 June 2016.

West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: [County reports and maps.] Jefferson, Berkeley and Morgan counties. ([Wheeling, W. Va., Wheeling News Litho. Co., 1916.]) hathitrust.org 9 September 2008, Web. 20 June 2016.

Gen. Nathaniel Banks wearing a hat.
sparedshared9.wordpress.com 25 September 2015 Web. 20 June 2016.

findagrave.org 2 February 2001 Web. 20 June 2016:

Edge Hill Cemetery, Charles Town, WV – photo added by B. Kemp Bell.

The Library of Congress loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 20 June 2016:

[Map of Loudoun County and part of Clarke County, Va., Jefferson County and part of Berkeley County, W. Va., 1864 by Howell Brown;

[Private George Hamilton Guinn of Co. A, 52nd Virginia Infantry Regiment, in uniform with musket, Bowie knife, and canteen];

(extreme detail. soldier in rear, right background) A lone grave on battle-field of Antietam loc.gov 14 September 2015 Web. 10 May 2016.

Map of Jefferson County, Virginia by Howell Brown, 1852;

[African American men tending a horse]
1 photographic print on carte de visite mount : albumen ; 10 x 6.5 cm. | Photograph shows two African American men, probably servants, standing in the foreground; six soldiers standing on the front porch of a building in the background. Contributor: Brady, Mathew, Date: 1862. Gladstone Collection of African American Photographs

Stuck in the Mud, A flank march across country during a thunder shower” Edwin Forbes, copper plate etching, 1876, detail
A pontoon wagon with boat stuck fast in a slough. A regiment of infantry is pulling on a rope attached to the head of the team, trying to drag them to firmer ground.
From Edwin Forbes, Life Studies of the Great Army, A Historical Work of Art in Copper-Plate Etching …(New York: Edwin Forbes, 1876), plate 19.
hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu 19 October 2009 Web. 20 June 2016.

wikipedia.org 27 November 2002 Web. 20 June 2016:

Solidago gigantea;

Stonewall Jackson’s Valley Campaign;

Roger Preston Chew;

ultisol red clay soil (mud).

wikigallery.org 4 May 2009 Web. 20 June 2016:
Thomas Faed – Lady Writing a Letter, date unknown.

wikimedia.org 24 June 2003 Web. 20 June 2016:
New York Times logo

Winslow Homer – Camp Fire, 1880 (metmusum.org).

Illustration for poem “The Picket Guard“, p. 90., by N. C. Wyeth (illus.) and Matthews, Bander (ed.), Date: 1922 from “Poems of American Patriotism.” New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. gutenberg.org 4 April 1997 Web. 20 June 2016.

the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 May 2016:

John Ottis Adams – The Closing of an Autumn Day, 1901;

Jervis McEntee – A Misty Day, November, date unknown;

Jervis McEntee – Gathering Autumn Leaves, Date unknown;

Winslow Homer – The Sharpshooter on Picket Duty, 1863;

(detail) Winslow Homer – Home Sweet Home, circa 1863;

Winslow Homer – On Guard, 1864;

Jerome Thompson – Apple Gathering, 1856;

Eastman Johnson – The Lord is My Shepherd, circa 1863;

Eastman Johnson – Self Portrait, circa 1860;

Eastman Johnson – Man with Scythe, 1868;

Thomas Moran – Slave Hunt, Dismal Swamp, Virginia, 1862;

Sisley, Alfred – Field of Clover, 1874.

Winslow Homer – Painting, Autumn Tree Tops, 1873
collection.cooperhewitt.org – 9 December 2014 Web. 20 June 2016.

James River & Kanawha Canal November 1856
Drawings of David Hunter Strother. images.lib.wvu.edu 18 October 2012 Web. 20 June 2016.

ebooks.library.cornell.edu 28 August 2004 Web. 20 June 2016:

p. 290 – Writing home:
Strother, David H., “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 36, Issue: 213, (February, 1868).

p. 827 – thunderstorm, hands in sky:
Crayon, Porte (Strother, D. H.). “The Mountains – VIII.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. Volume 47 Issue: 282 (November, 1873).

p. 24 – around a campfire, man with pipe silhouette:
A Virginian (Strother, D. H.). “Virginian Canaan.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 8, Issue: 43, (December, 1853).

p. 300 – the wagoner:
Strother, David H., “Virginia Illustrated.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 10, Issue: 57, (Feb., 1855). pp. 289-310.

p. 705 – man sleeping:
Carpenter, Horace. “Plain Living at Johnson’s island Described by a Confederate officer.” The Century. Vol. 41 Issue 5. March, 1891.
http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=cent;cc=cent;rgn=full%20text;idno=cent0041-5;didno=cent0041-5;view=image;seq=0715;node=cent0041-5%3A8


wvhistoryonview.org 9 October 2010 Web. 20 June 2016; by Biscoe, Thomas, and Walter
:

Halltown Ridge, W. Va. With Ruin on Left, Looking Southwest 1884/08/02;

Bolivar Heights and Gap of Harper’s Ferry, W. Va. 1884/08/02;

Harper’s Ferry from Bolivar Heights 1884/08/02;

Harper’s Ferry Gap – 1884/08/02;

Halltown a Few Miles Southwest from Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 1884/08/02;

digitalcollections.baylor.edu 18 February 2012 Web. 20 June 2016:

Military map showing the topographical features of the country adjacent to Harper’s Ferry, Va. including Maryland, Loudoun and Bolivar Heights, and portions of South and Short Mountains, with the positions of the defensive works, also the Junction of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers.

archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016:

Winfield Hancock, from Mulholland, St. Clair Augustin. (1899). “The story of the 116th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry. War of secession, 1862-1865.” [Philadelphia, F. McManus, jr., & co.].
p. 128.

“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 1.” (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co.
p. 419 – McAllister’s Battery at Fort Donelson.

“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 2.” (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co.
p. 504 – supper after a hard march;

p. 561 – eating corn;

p. 576 – haystacks, view from Turner’s Gap.

collection1.libraries.psu.edu 21 May 2006 Web. 20 June 2016. (Edwin Forbes drawings and etchings taken from ‘Life Studies of the Great Army’ series, documenting military life in the Army of the Potomac.” – 1876:

Title The Newspaper Correspondent
Description Etching created by Edwin Forbes as a part of his ‘Life Studies of the Great Army’ series, documenting military life in the Army of the Potomac.
Creator Forbes, Edwin, 1839-1895
Date Original 1876

Title Newspapers in Camp
Description Etching created by Edwin Forbes as a part of his ‘Life Studies of the Great Army’ series, documenting military life in the Army of the Potomac.
Creator Forbes, Edwin, 1839-1895
Date Original 1876

Title Going into Action
Description Etching created by Edwin Forbes as a part of his ‘Life Studies of the Great Army’ series, documenting military life in the Army of the Potomac.
Creator Forbes, Edwin, 1839-1895
Date Original 1876

Stuck in the Mud,” Edwin Forbes, copper plate etching, 1876, detail
A pontoon wagon with boat stuck fast in a slough. A regiment of infantry is pulling on a rope attached to the head of the team, trying to drag them to firmer ground. From Edwin Forbes, Life Studies of the Great Army, A Historical Work of Art in Copper-Plate Etching …(New York: Edwin Forbes, 1876), plate 19. hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu 19 October 2009 Web. 20 June 2016.

FacebookTwitterGoogle+Share

The Humble Harvest & Eternal Voices – (2) by Jim Surkamp

by Jim Surkamp on September 5, 2016 in Jefferson County

The_Humble_Harvest_Thy_Will_13c


Made possible with the generous, community-minded support of American Public University System. Any views expressed are not a reflection of modern-day policies of the University and the content is meant to encourage dispassionate, informed discussion of American history. More . . .

Researched, written and produced by Jim Surkamp

VIDEO: The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 2 TRT: 21:48/27:40 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

Humble_Harvest_People

The Humble Harvest and Eternal Voices October, 1862 Jefferson County, West Virginia After a Great Battle . . .

Annie_P_Marmion_D


But just as she passed the window best seen by the Sharpshooters, a gust of wind blew her skirts and a curtain aside. Shots immediately announced that the light had been seen.

William_McCarter_Matte_D


I asked how the child had been killed. A reply given was, in substance, the same as the old man’s. With both hands, she slowly and solemnly raised the blood stained cover off the little breast, saying in sobs as she did so, “Just look here.”

Mary_Clemmer_Ames_Mattes_D


Deeds of valor are no longer dreams gone by. We live in knightly days; our men are dauntless men. Will there ever be one to write the life of the common soldier?

St_Clair_A_Mulholland_D


The regiment had not lost a man to be sure, but had seen a genuine fight, heard the scream of the shells and seen a caisson blowing up and men knocked over.

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.42.39 AM


”Well, you are from the Old Sod, ain’t you?” My reply was simply, ”Yes, sir.”

Chas.Yates.Aglionby_Matte


I sent the wagon to Mr. Moore and 27 bushels by measure. The day was fine for seeding. No military to be seen on our side of the hill.

Two_Willises


Pa is becoming rather tired of our South Carolina soldier. Thinks he is sufficiently well to leave.

Heros_Von_Borcke_D


It was a sparkling beautiful morning of autumn and I enjoyed the ride home the more for being fortunate enough – firing from my horses back with my revolver – to kill a grey squirrel, which, as our mess arrangements had been thrown into utter disorder by the events of the last two days, was gladly welcomed the same evening on our dinner table.

October 10 – Friday Weather: rainy towards evening

Irish-born St. Clair Mulholland who commanded the 116th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, when it pulled into Harper’s Ferry on the train:

PointofRocks
Troop_train_)1864_Harpers_Ferry


The train carrying the regiment arrived at Sandy Hook near Harper’s Ferry at daybreak, October 10th.

Six_soldiers_Irish_brigade

The men woke up and tumbled out of the cars, sore, sleepy, and tired and formed line, and as the sun came over the hills, slowly moved through Harper’s Ferry and climbed up the steep incline to Bolivar Heights.
A halt for breakfast on the crest, and the men lit their little fires on ground that was literally covered with fragments of Confederates’ shells, the whole ground being strewn with pieces of shells, round shot, and debris of the battle. While the boys were eating and looking around at the magnificent scenery, a very amusing though rather serious incident occurred.

Montage_coffee_boom_HH_2

A regiment from Maine, a new regiment also, came up to join the Second Corps and halted to prepare breakfast, and finding plenty of thirty-pound parrot shells lying around used them to build fireplaces — forming four or five of the oblong bolts in a ring with the points up, making an excellent resting place for the coffee pot. But when the fire in the center began to roar and crackle and the coffee to boil, the shells began to explode, much to the amazement of the boys from the Pine Tree State. Half a dozen of the cooks were wounded, the coffee spilled, the whole corps had a good laugh, and the men of Maine had learned something. At noon the regiment fell in, marched over to the headquarters of the Irish Brigade and reported for duty. The Adjutant General, Major Tom O’Neill, assigned the command a spot on Bolivar Heights, on a bluff overlooking the Shenandoah River, on which to pitch camp, and the streets were soon measured off and tents erected. Towards evening, when matters had gotten into something like order, the Brigade Commander, General Thomas Francis Meagher, came to make a visit out of courtesy to his new command. He came in state, splendidly mounted, and surrounded by a brilliant staff, the members of which seemed to wear a deal more gold lace than the regulations called for. Meagher was a handsome man, stately and courteous, with a wonderful flow of language and poetic ideas. When the canteen had been passed around the conversation became animated — Meagher displayed a most gracious manner that was captivating and charming to a remarkable degree, forming a strange contrast to his mood at other times when he tried to be stern, and his manner was not so affable. A pleasant evening it was, and when the General and his gorgeous staff rode away in the darkness, he left a pleasing impression behind him. The camp at Harper’s Ferry will always be remembered by the members of the regiment with pleasure.October 11 – Saturday Weather: cloudy and cool in the morning, rain during the night. At Rock Hall farm, Mary Ambler wrote in her diary that day: Saturday October 11th – The wagons were here again today but Pa is tired out with selling and refused them anything but hay. They beg for that at any price. October 12 – Sunday Weather: cloudy in the morning. October 13 – Monday Weather: cloudy during the day, rain during the night.

MCarter_Meagher

Private William McCarter, controlling his stammer, was called to Commander Meagher’s tent: Early on the morning of the 13th, our colonel sent me a message to be ready to accompany him to the headquarters of General Meagher at ten AM. I was a perfect stranger to him. . . Had I been guilty of any crime or misdemeanor worthy of reproof or punishment?I, however, rigged myself up in my dress uniform, brightened up all my buttons and brasses and presented a pretty fair soldierly appearance. . . . On entering the tent of Gen. Meagher, the usual salute passed between the two commanders and me.“General, here is your man.” “Ah,” said the General, “be seated.” With that pleasing smile on his countenance which he always wore when addressing personally any of his soldiers, he asked, ”Well, you are from the Old Sod, ain’t you?” My reply was simply, ”Yes, sir.” Meagher then put his hand into his coat breast-pocket . . after seeming not to have found what he wanted . . he called his orderly.“Do you know what became of the piece of poetry titled ‘The Land of My Birth’ with the name ‘McCarter’ written on the back?” (The orderly brought it from a writing desk nearby). Then glancing at me, Gen. Meagher held it out asking: “Is that your handwriting?” “Yes sir,” I replied. I also stated, “Yes, sir, that is my handwriting.” (McCarter wrote the poem in 1860 in Philadelphia and, later, an officer at camp read the poem and McCarter gave it to him as a gift). After some discussion with the other officer, Meagher said: “he (McCarter) writes so well. I am in much need of a clerk for the brigade. He could make himself more useful and be of more service in that capacity. Turning to me, he asked, “What say you yourself, McCarter?” “Fix it between yourselves, gentlemen,” said I, “I am satisfied.” “Thank you,” responded Gen. Meagher.

St_Clair_A_Mulholland_D
Harpers_Ferry_WV_Harpes_Weekly_1861

St. Clair Mulholland later put to paper his fond memories of those days at Bolivar and Harpers Ferry:The camp at Harper’s Ferry will always be remembered by the members of the regiment with pleasure. The weeks spent there were full of enjoyment. Plenty of drills and hard work, to be sure, but still time enough for visiting through the camps, and rambles through the old, historic town. The ruins of the Engine House where old John Brown made his last stand was a point of great interest to all. The magnificent scenery, the bright, sunshiny days, and the visit to the army of many ladies all lent a charm to a new life. That truly lovely woman, Mrs. General Thomas Francis Meagher, spent a week or two in camp, and many other wives of officers took advantage of the peaceful days to visit the army.

In_gunsight_of_pickets

Then there was the frequent target practice down by the river bank where the boys fired away at imaginary Confederates and filled trees full of buck and ball, with an implied understanding that the trunks were Confederate Generals . . . – Annie Marmion remembered the terror begat from random sharpshooting from the Maryland Heights:

Annie_P_Marmion_D

One night a lady visitor at our house (to visit Annie’s father, Dr. Nicholas Marmion) attempted to carry a light to her bedroom, a necessary part of her toilette being to put her hair in curl papers and she enjoyed doing it before a mirror. She concealed her tallow candle, the only thing available at the time, behind her ample skirts and person, but just as she passed the window best seen by the (sharpshooters), a gust of wind blew her skirts and a curtain aside. Shots immediately announced that the light had been seen, and very soon after a knock is heard on the door. It is a message from the Commanding Officer to the effect that “signals to the Rebels” having been seen emanating from the house the family are allowed one hour in which to quit the place, as the house will be shelled. The excitement is of course intense in the little circle, it is about nine o’clock at night; the children are awakened out of their sleep, into each little hand is put as large a package of clothes as it can handle; the farm wagon is brought out and, not withstanding it is night, it is well flagged, it is quickly filled with beds and bedding, the only things it seems possible to take. The family is about to mount in upon the beds when the order is revoked to the untold relief of the anxious Father and Mother and the great disappointment of the children who are keen for adventure.

warchfires_HH_2

Mullholland continues his reveries of his Harpers Ferry of October, 1862, almost oblivious to adjacent pockets of deep suffering and travail. He wrote: . . . the quiet picket line, three miles out towards Halltown ; the evening camp fire, reviews, martial music, and all the pomp and display of war rendered the days pleasing indeed. The First Division, Second Corps, of which the regiment had now become was known as Hancock’s Division, The Irish Brigade consisted of the Sixty-ninth, Eighty-eighth and Sixty-third New York and Twenty-ninth Massachusetts Regiments. The three former were Irish regiments, the latter like ours(and William McCarter’s – JS) One Hundred and Sixteenth was composed principally of Americans and had been placed in the brigade temporarily. The men quickly fraternized with the old regiments and were soon fast friends. There was very little sickness in the command and not one death during the time it was camped at Bolivar Heights, but in many other Pennsylvania regiments camped nearby there was a great deal of fever and many funerals. It seemed strange that the men of the regiment, chiefly from the city, from the factory and workshop, should stand the exposure of the camp better than the men who came from the country. At Harper’s Ferry the command improved rapidly in every duty of the soldier.

boy_girl_HH_2

The picket line near Halltown ran through a delightful country. Firewood and food were plentiful, and picket duty was a pleasure rather than a pain. At one point the line ran between two farm-houses in which resided lovers — the boy within the Union line and his lady-love over the border. Neither were permitted to communicate, but they would come as close to the picket as allowable and look sweet at each other. Happy was the officer of the day who could eat breakfast with the lover and then cross the line and dine in the house of the beloved. He was sure to fare well in return for any brief message that he might carry.

POSTS:

(1) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 1 2753 words. (Repost from 5.17.2016)

(2) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 2. 3275 words.

(3) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 3. 2933 words.

(4) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 4. 5470 words.

(5) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 5 – Conclusion. 10,449 words.

VIDEOS:

UPDATED: The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 5 – Conclusion TRT: 29:00/53:34 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 4 – Skirmish TRT: 23:35/33:48 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 3 TRT: 14:08/26:14 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 2 TRT: 21:48/27:40 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 1. TRT: 17:25/21:14 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

References:

Charles Aglionby Papers and Civil War Diary, Volume 2 – Jefferson County Museum, Charles Town, WV.

Ambler, Anne W. (1971). “Diary of Anne Madison Willis Ambler (1836-1888): A Civil War Experience.” (submitted by her granddaughter, Anne Madison Ambler Baylor – Mrs. Robert Garnet Baylor). Magazine of the Historical Society of Jefferson County.” Vol. Volume XXXVII. Charles Town, WV: Jefferson County Historical Society, p. 29.

Ames, Mary Clemmer. (1872). “Eirene or A Woman’s Right.” G. P. Putnam & Sons: New York, NY. pp. 155-178.

Ames, Mary C. (1872). “Eirene, Or A Woman’s Right.” New York, NY: G. P. Putnam & Sons. googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016. pp. 155-177.

Chew, Roger P. (1911). “Military Operations in Jefferson County, Virginia (and West Va.) 1861-1865.” [s.l.]: Charles Town, WV: published by authority of Jefferson County Camp, U.C.V. [by] Farmers Advocate Printing. pp. 36-37. archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016.

Marmion, Annie P. (1959).”Under Fire: An Experience in the Civil War.” William V. Marmion, Jr. editor. self-published.

McCarter, William. (1996). “My Life in the Irish Brigade – The Civil War Memoirs of Private William McCarter, 116th Pensylvania Infantry.” edited by Kevin E. O’Brien. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Group. googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016.

Mulholland, St. Clair Augustin. (1899). “The story of the 116th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry. War of secession, 1862-1865.” [Philadelphia, F. McManus, jr., & co.]. archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016.

The Official Record of the War of the Rebellion Report of W. Hancock, Chapter XIX, Official Record, Series I, Part 2, Vol. 19. Hancock, Caldwell, Zook, Munford reports. pp. 91-97.

SUPPLEMENTAL:

Reports of Winfield Hancock
p. 90.
Report of Brig. Gen. Winfleld S. Hancock, U. S. Army, commandinq First Division, Second Army Corps. OCTOBER [10], 1862. I am now in Charlestown. The enemy have taken the right hand road toward Berryville, toward the Shenandoah. I believe they have nothing but horse artillery and cavalry. They now hold a knoll and the Winchester road. As soon as I establish my line beyond the town, I will send the cavalry forward. I have had 9 men hurt. WINFD S. HANCOCK. General COUCH.

OCTOBER 10, 18621 o’clock. GENERAL: I cannot ascertain how much cavalry force was here, with any certainty. All numbers are stated, from 200 to five regiments. There were from five to seven guns. The enemys cavalry pickets are moving about to my right and left rear; I therefore have to picket those roads a good deal. This will reduce the cavalry force available to move forward, to about 600 men. This command seems small; still, as I have received no other instructions, I will order Colonel iDevin to proceed. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant.

Image Credits – Includes images from the corresponding video:

(For Marmion, Mulholland and McCarter, see “References”)

Mary Ames – frontispiece – “From a New England Woman’s Diary in Dixie in 1865.”
docsouth.unc.edu 19 January 2001 Web. 20 June 2016.

Annie Marmion from book’s frontispiece.

St. Clair Mulholland – courtesy of the US Army HEC, Carlisle, PA.

William McCarter – from book’s frontispiece: googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016.

Charles Aglionby – from Vol. 2, Aglionby Papers, Jefferson County Museum – Charles Town, WV.

Semblance of Anne Madison Willis Ambler – Thomas Faed – “Lady Writing a Letter

detail, Thomas F. Meagher – The Huntington Library, San Marino, California.
alchetron.com 13 September 2013 Web 20 June 2016.

Meagher with raised hand – Library of Congress by Mathew Brady
chubachus.blogspot.com 4 January 2015 Web. 20 June 2016.
and –
npg.si.edu 24 December 1996 Web. 20 June 2016

Heros Von Borcke – Uploaded by bruceyrock632
fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web 20 June 2016.

George Neese – vagenweb.org/shenandoah 7 August 2008 Web. 20 June 2016.

At the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 May 2016:

Godfried Schalcken – Young Girl with a Candle;

Winslow Homer – The Sharpshooter on Picket Duty, 1863;

George Harvey – Scene of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, circa 1837;

Jervis McEntee – A Misty Day, November, date unknown

p. 117 – John Brown Fort and Engine House

“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 1.” (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). archive.org 26 October 2004 Web. 20 June 2016.

Coffee Coolers
collection1.libraries.psu.edu 21 May 2006 Web. 20 June 2016. (Edwin Forbes drawings and etchings taken from ‘Life Studies of the Great Army’ series, documenting military life in the Army of the Potomac.” – 1876:

loc.gov 14 January 2006 Web. 20 June 2016:

[Unidentified African American woman].

Unidentified woman, possibly Mrs. James Shields, in mourning dress and brooch showing Confederate soldier and holding young boy wearing kepi.

Unidentified deceased child.

Unidentified girl.

drummer boy.

Lieutenant William Bowen Gallaher of Co. E, 1st Virginia Cavalry Regiment in uniform and Virginia state seal belt plate, with revolver and cavalry sword.

Group of 26 unidentified soldiers in Union uniforms with stacked bayoneted muskets in front of tree.

Three unidentified soldiers playing cards, smoking, and drinking in front of American flag.

Unidentified soldier in Union cavalry uniform with banjo, sword, and pipe.

Unidentified woman resting her arm on a book entitled History of Slavery.

Unidentified soldier in 1st Virginia cavalry great coat.

Unidentified soldier of Laurel Brigade Virginia Cavalry Regiment with tobacco pouch.

Two unidentified soldiers in Union uniforms with unidentified woman.

Unidentified soldier in Confederate uniform in front of painted backdrop showing view from porch; unidentified woman with small child on her lap.

digitalcollections.baylor.edu 18 February 2012 Web. 20 June 2016:

Military map showing the topographical features of the country adjacent to Harper’s Ferry, Va. including Maryland, Loudoun and Bolivar Heights, and portions of South and Short Mountains, with the positions of the defensive works, also the Junction of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers.;

Harpers Ferry NHP. nps.gov/hafe/ 22 April 1997 Web. 20 June 2016:

Circa 1865 view of Virginius Island from Jefferson Rock. A Union troop train is passing across the island on the Winchester and Potomac Railroad. The ruins of Herr’s Mill, burned by Confederate raiders in October 1861, are visible in the upper right. Year: 1865. Image Credit: Historic Photo Collection, Harpers Ferry NHP. nps.gov/hafe/ 22 April 1997 Web. 20 June 2016;

Nicholas Marmion – Image Credit: Historic Photo Collection, Harpers Ferry NHP.

Image of Thomas Hite Willis and Elizabeth R. Willis – from “The Hite Families in Jefferson County: Jacob Hite and Immediate Family, John Hite, Oldest Son of Jacob; Thomas Hite, Second Son of Jacob; James Hite, 1776-1855; George Hite, Youngest Son of Jacob; Hite-Willis Descendants; Thomas Hite Willis, 1800-1884; Nathaniel Hite Willis, 1842-1914.” Volume XXXI.

library.cornell.edu 7 May 2008. Web. 20 Oct. 2010:

a recipe for cooking trout – p. 350.
Crayon, Porte (Strother, D. H.). “The Mountains. Pt. IV.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 44, Issue: 267, August, 1872.

Point of Rocks, MD. by Meyer Brantz, p. 595.
Mayer, Brantz. (April, 1857). “June Jaunt.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Vol. 14, Issue: 83. April, 1857. pp. 592-612.

Harper’s Weekly sonofthesouth.net start date private Web. 20 June 2016:

p. 292.
Halltown by D. H. Strother Harper’s Weekly May 11, 1861.

p. 428.

Harpers Ferry as evacuated by the Confederate Troops. Sketched by our Special Artist July 6, 1861.

p. 422.

Scenes of Camp and Army Life in General Williams’s Brigade – Sketched By Our Special Artist on the General’s Staff, July 6, 1861.

p. 453.

The Daughter of the Regiment – Scenes About Camp – (By Our Special Artist With General McDowell’s Corps D’Armee), July 20, 1861.

Officer images from:
Mulholland, St. Clair A. (1903). “The story of the 116th regiment Pennsylvania volunteers in the war of the rebellion; record of a gallant command.” F. McManus, Jr.,

Lieutenant William H. Bibighaus, pp. 160-161.

Captain George Frederick Leppine, pp. 98-99.

Lieutenant Robert T. McGuire, pp. 53-54.

Brig. General Thomas Francis Meagher, pp. 12-13.

Winfield Hancock. p. 128.

Lieutenant Colonel Richard C. Dale, pp. 216-217.

Major-General John R. Brooke, pp. 242-243.

Captain and Brevet Major Samuel Taggart, pp. 304-305.

Captain and Brevet Major Henry D. Price, pp. 324-325.

Searching for Arms, Plate 5
Volck, Adalbeert J. (1864). “V. Blada’s War Sketches.” London, Baltimore.
cdm16694.contentdm.oclc.org 29 March 2013 Web. 20 June 2016

116th Pa. regimental flag
php.scripts.psu.edu 29 August 2004 Web. 20 June 2016

FacebookTwitterGoogle+Share

The Humble Harvest & Eternal Voices – October, 1862 (1) by Jim Surkamp (Repost from 5.17.2016)

by Jim Surkamp on September 7, 2016 in Jefferson County

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.38.21 AM
Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.38.39 AM

VIDEO: The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 1. TRT: 17:25/21:14 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest and Eternal Voices – October, 1862, Jefferson County, WV.

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.39.44 AM

After a great battle,

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.40.29 AM


Annie Marmion (1851-1928) wrote: But just as she passed the window best seen by the Sharpshooters, a gust of wind blew her skirts and a curtain aside. Shots immediately announced that the light had been seen.

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.41.15 AM


Mary Ames and William McCarter reflect at Harpers Ferry. The result of battle shakes William McCarter’s soul: I asked how the child had been killed. With both hands, she slowly and solemnly raised the blood stained cover off the little breast, saying in sobs as she did so, “Just look here.”

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.40.56 AM


Mary Ames (1831-1884): Deeds of valor are no longer dreams gone by. We live in knightly days; our men are dauntless men. Will there ever be one to write the life of the common soldier?

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.42.13 AM


St. Clair Augustin Mulholland (1839-1910)sees it differently:
The regiment had not lost a man, to be sure, but had seen a genuine fight, heard the scream of the shells and seen a caisson blown up and men knocked over.

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.42.39 AM


Thomas Francis Meagher (1823-1867) inspires: ”Well, you are from the Old Sod, ain’t you?”
My reply was simply, ”Yes, sir.”

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.42.59 AM


Charles Aglionby (1807-1891) keeps his farm going amid war: I sent the wagon to Mr. Moore and 27 bushels by measure. The day was fine for seeding. No military to be seen on our side of the hill.

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.43.36 AM


Anne Willis Ambler (1836-1888) sees all from her parents farm Rock Hall:
Wednesday, October 15th. Pa is becoming rather tired of our South Carolina soldier. Thinks he is sufficiently well to leave – and

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.43.58 AM


Heros Von Borcke (1835-1895) keeps one eye out for an empty seat at a dinner table: It was a sparkling beautiful morning of autumn and I enjoyed the ride home the more for being fortunate enough – firing from my horses back with my revolver – to kill a grey squirrel, which, as our mess arrangements had been thrown into utter disorder by the events of the last two days, was gladly welcomed the same evening on our dinner table.

October 9, 1862 Weather: A pleasant day – Charles Aglionby.
Bolivar Heights, Harpers’ Ferry, Va.

Observations of Harpers Ferry October 10th, 1862 – William McCarter (1840-1911), a stammering Irish-born poet in the 116th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment. He had worked soaking and coloring hides in Philadelphia to support his family. He wrote:

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.48.10 AM


Before the war, Harper’s Ferry had a population of about 2,000. But, now like Fairfax Courthouse, Virginia, it was inhabited only by old men, black and white, women and children and a garrison of then of Union troops. The Confederate Army evacuated on the 19th of September after burning all the stores and government buildings. The Rebs left the once beautiful and comfortable town a heap of black ruins, save for a few small mean brick and log huts.

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 9.49.53 AM


The saddest and most humiliating sight to us here, and perhaps the heaviest loss to the United States government in this section of the country, was the celebrated Harper’s Ferry Arsenal and Armory. It was now one mass of ruins, with only a small portion of the stone work standing. Our own forces had applied the fire fiend to keep it out of Confederate hands. – McCarter, p.15.

Annie P. Marmion (1851-1928), then the ten-year-old daughter of Harpers Ferry doctor, Nicholas Marmion, recalled living under martial law and even under fire that same month by the Federal authorities:

Imagine a Town filled with houses enough to accommodate over 2,000 and more than nine tenths of them empty. All metals were saleable, hence not a door in all the houses had locks or bolts of any kind. The Owls enjoyed the Open House System and joined their mournful hoots to the general slamming to emphacize the silence and loneliness. No one entered the Town except some messenger of Ill, sent always, it seems, at the night and by water from the Blockading (and sharpshooting – JS) , always the Northern Army. For weeks at a time not a wheel or tramp of a horse would be heard for everything that moved was suspected and was liable to be fired upon. . . .

The great objects in life were to procure something to eat and to keep yourself out of sight by day, and your lamps or rather candle light hidden by night, lights of every kind being regarded as signals to the Rebels were usually greeted by a volley of guns.

Groceries were luxuries not to be touched except in time of sickness but flour and meal must be had. Mills were few and far between and I wonder now where the wheat and corn came from.

Harry must go foraging and so they go. John and Queen are hitched to the farm wagon each is decorated with “the flag of Truth” as Harry calls it, as is also his hat. A flag floats from each end of the wagon, thus adorned and accompanied by one of my brothers – a lad of 12 or 13 he starts in the direction of the Southern lines in the rest of Jefferson County.

Screen Shot 2016-05-16 at 10.02.11 AM


The outgoing trip is accomplished in all safety but the return late in the evening is not so fortunate. The meal, flour and some other provisions have been procured, the team has nearly reached the top of a long hill crowned with a dense woods when the Doctor on horseback joins them . . . but certain it is that a heavy and persistent fire (is) opened upon the party now in full view of the Northern Army. . . when the Doctor’s riding horse and one of his wagon horses are shot, (they) quickly get under cover of the woods and sheltering the horses, the “human element” also falls prostrate until darkness covers the earth. Then they resume and accomplish the homeward journey. The balls taking effect in the horses neck were afterwards extracted and both animals recovered. – Ibid, p. 8.

Mary Clemmer Ames (1831-1884), later a leading journalist, was caring for the wounded and burying the dead in Harpers Ferry in late, 1862. A strong woman’s rights advocate, she wrote “Eirene: A Woman’s Right” in 1872 that included these accounts of her time at Harpers Ferry. She visited the Lutheran Church on Washington Street:

Lutheran_Church_Harpers_Ferry_today


The vestibule and closets of the little Lutheran church standing mid-way between Bolivar and Harper‘s Ferry, and now filled with wounded, are piled with the knapsacks and haversacks of dying and dead soldiers. I go to these and open them, take out every treasure they contain, and with a letter send them to the friends of the boy who owned them.

drummer_boy_drum


A little drummer boy died yesterday. I have found his haversack; it contained a picture of himself, taken with his mother when he enlisted. Such a rosy boy! I thought as I looked upon him yesterday, wasted and dead, that I was glad that his mother could never know how he changed before he died. I have sent his last message and all his things to her. The eloquence of these worm-eaten, moldy bags cannot be written. Here is the piece of stony bread, uneaten, the little paper of coffee, the smoked tin cup in which it was boiled over the hasty fire on the eve of battle; here is the letter sealed, directed, never sent; here is the letter half written, never ended, beginning “Dear wife, how I want to see you,” “Dear mother, my time is almost out;” and the rusty pen just as it was laid in the half-filled sheet by the brave and loving hand which hoped so soon to finish it. Here are scraps of patriotic poetry carefully copied on sheets of paper tinted red, white, and blue; here are photographs of favorite generals, and photographs of the loved ones at home; here are letters full of heart-breaking love and of sobbing loyalty to duty and of holy faith and cheer written to them from home; and here is the Testament given him by the woman that loved him best. Mother, these are all mementos of brave, loving life gone out. The boys who owned them will never go back. To one unfamiliar with the soldier’s life these relics might mean little.

Deeds_of_Valor_13c_1_Montage


To me they mean all love, all suffering, all heroism. Deeds of valor are no longer dreams gone by. We live in knightly days; our men are dauntless men. Will there ever be one to write the life of the common soldier? His blood buys us all that we hold dear — country, home, a free government, the endless privileges of a free people. I ask no higher privilege than to serve him living and to honor him in his grave.

Ames_my_feelings_FIXED_with_words


It is after I have been the rounds of ward and tent that I come into this old vestibule and sit down to this sacred task. Sometimes I make up many packages. Sometimes I take up some mother’s or sister’s letter, and it brings so much back to me that I can’t go on. This was so last night. It must have been late, but I did not know it. I looked up from the contents of the knapsack which had moved me so much, and for the first time realized the appalling loneliness of my surroundings. There were the high walls of the vestibule all torn with bomb-shells, its dark open closets; its wide floor piled high with old knapsacks and haversacks, I sitting in the midst of them on a box, with no light in the place but that given by the one tallow candle at my side, which threw its feeble and flickering rays over the open bags and their contents. My own feelings, I presume, made the place seem more weird and desolate than ever before. – Ames, pp. 176-177.

Stained_glass_moon_1

Next: The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices Pt. 2 – The Jovial Mulholland, Charlestown Skirmishing and First Blood, Aglionbys, Willis and Amblers Farm and Feed the Passing Horde

Made possible with the generous, community-minded support of American Public University System. Views in these posts and related videos do not reflect in any way the modern-day policies of the University, but are meant to encourage dispassionate, fact-based discourse on our regional and American history. More:

(1) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 1 2753 words. (Repost from 5.17.2016)

(2) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 2. 3058 words.

(3) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 3. 2787 words.

(4) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 4. 5344 words.

(5) POST – The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 5 – Conclusion. 9829 words.

VIDEOS:

UPDATED: The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Pt. 5 – Conclusion TRT: 29:00/53:34 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 4 – Skirmish TRT: 23:35/33:48 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 3 TRT: 14:08/26:14 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 2 TRT: 21:48/27:40 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

The Humble Harvest, Eternal Voices – Part 1. TRT: 17:25/21:14 (incl. Credits). Click Here.

References:

Charles Aglionby Papers and Civil War Diary, Volume 2 – Jefferson County Museum, Charles Town, WV.

Ames, Mary C. (1872). “Eirene, Or A Woman’s Right.” New York, NY: G. P. Putnam & Sons.

Ames, Mary C. (1872). “Eirene, Or A Woman’s Right.” googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016.
pp. 176-177.

Ambler, Anne W. (1971). “Diary of Anne Madison Willis Ambler (1836-1888): A Civil War Experience.” (submitted by her granddaughter, Anne Madison Ambler Baylor – Mrs. Robert Garnet Baylor). Magazine of the Historical Society of Jefferson County.” Vol. Volume XXXVII. Charles Town, WV: Jefferson County Historical Society, p. 29.

Frye, Dennis E. (2012). “Harpers Ferry Under Fire: A Border Town in the American Civil War.” Harpers Ferry, WV: Harpers Ferry Historical Association. Print.

Marmion, Annie P. (1959).”Under Fire: An Experience in the Civil War.” William V. Marmion, Jr. editor. self-published. pp. 8-9;

McCarter, William. (1996). “My Life in the Irish Brigade – The Civil War Memoirs of Private William McCarter, 116th Pennsylvania Infantry.” edited by Kevin E. O’Brien. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Group. p. 15; pp. 21-22;

McCarter, William. (1996). “My Life in the Irish Brigade – The Civil War Memoirs of Private William McCarter, 116th Pennsylvania Infantry.” googlebooks.com 5 February 2003 Web. 5 March 2016.

Mulholland, St. Clair Augustin. (1899). “The story of the 116th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry. War of secession, 1862-1865.”
[Philadelphia, F. McManus, jr., & co.]

Mulholland, St. Clair Augustin. (1899). “The story of the 116th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry. War of secession, 1862-1865.” Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movie, Music and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 16 Feb. 2011.

Von Borcke, Heros. (1867). “Memoirs of the Confederate war for independence.” Philadelphia. PA: J. B. Lippincott & Co. Print.

Von Borcke, Heros. (1867). “Memoirs of the Confederate war for independence.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movie, Music and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 16 Feb. 2011.
pp. 309-317.

Image Credits:

Mary Ames – frontispiece – From a New England Woman’s Diary in Dixie in 1865.

Annie Marmion – from book’s frontispiece

St. Clair Mullholland – from book’s frontispiece

William McCarter – from book’s frontispiece

Charles Aglionby – from Vol. 2, Aglionby Papers, Jefferson County Museum
Charles Town, WV

detail, Thomas F. Meagher – The Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

Heros Von Borcke – civilwarscholars.com 9 June 2011 Web. 10 May 2016.

Billings, John Davis. (1887). “Hardtack and coffee.”:
a haversack and dipper (p. 276); cans and bottles

Paintings:

James Wells Champney –

The Little Beggar
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 May 2016.

The Letter (also known as Mr. and Mrs Samuel Colgate)
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 May 2016.

Workboats and Waterman in the Civil War (detail).
obxentertainment.com 28 December 2008 Web. 10 May 2016.

Champney from King, Edward. (1875). “The Great South; A Record of Journeys in Louisiana, Texas, the Indian Territory, Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland.” Illustrated by Champney, James Wells. Hartford, Conn. American Publishing Co. Print.

Champney from King, Edward. (1875). “The Great South; A Record of Journeys in Louisiana, Texas, the Indian Territory, Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland.” docsouth.unc.edu 20 June 2002 Web. 10 May 2016.
The negro nurses (p. 30), country wagons (p. 557).

Edward Lamson Henry –
Good Morning;

On the Way to Market
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 May 2016.
http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/detail.php?ID=58222

Godfried Schalcken – Young Girl with a Candle
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 May 2016.

Winslow Homer – The Sharpshooter on Picket Duty, 1863.
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 May 2016.

Georges De La Tour –
The Dream of St Joseph – detail, 1640, Musee des Beaux-Arts, Nantes.
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 May 2016.

The Repentant Magdalen
wikipedia.org 27 July 2001 Web.10 May 2016.

Petrus van Schendel – By the Candlelight
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 10 May 2016.

wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. 10 May 2016.
Maps – Howell Brown, Jefferson County, 1862; Jefferson County Land Grants;


Images from wikimedia.org (24 July 2003 Web. 10 May 2016); or wikipedia.org (27 July 2001 Web.10 May 2016)
:

Map_of_West_Virginia_highlighting_Jefferson_County

Wapcaplet – based on Image:Map of USA without state names.svg

nationalatlas.gov: National map with state boundaries

Union Patriotic Cover Allegory of Standing Liberty and Flag mailed from Westchester, PA.

Harpers Ferry from Maryland Heights showing Marmion Block

American Flag July 4, 1861 – July 3, 1862

Loudoun County in the American Civil War

German tanning operation about 1880

Period painting of a US Civil War soldier, wounded by a Minié ball, lies in bed with a gangrenous amputated arm.

Online Library of Congress:

detail (man with coffee cup) Army of the Potomac — the way they cook dinner in camp
loc.gov 7 September 2010 Web. 10 May 2016.

Map of Jefferson County, Va. 1852 loc.gov 7 July 2012 Web. 10 May 2016.

[Harper’s Ferry, W. Va. Ruins of arsenal] loc.gov 29 November 2010 Web. 10 May 2016.
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cwp.4a39558/?co=cwp

Burial of the Union dead at Fredericksburg, December 15, 1862 (i.e. May 19 or 20, 1864. Working within the Confederate lines under a flag of truce. Our army had retreated, leaving our dead on the field. loc.gov 19 February 2012 Web. 10 May 2016.

detail [Spotsylvania Court House, Va., vicinity. Burial of soldier by Mrs. Alsop’s house, near which Ewell’s Corps attacked the Federal right on May 19, 1864]. loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 10 May 2016.

(extreme detail. soldier in rear, right background) A lone grave on battle-field of Antietam loc.gov 14 September 2015 Web. 10 May 2016.

A contrast! Federal buried, rebel unburied, where they fell at the Battle of Antietam
taken by Alexander Gardner. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/ 17 January 2010 Web. 10 May 2016.

Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs (LOC):

[Unidentified girl in mourning dress holding framed photograph of her father as a cavalryman with sword and Hardee hat]. loc.gov 12 December 2010 Web. 10 May 2016.

[Private James W. McCulloch of Co. E, 7th Georgia Infantry Regiment holding wooden canteen, with lock of hair, obituary, and poem in case]. loc.gov 23 November 2014 Web. 10 May 2016.

Harper’s Weekly 1861 – May 11, 1861; July 6, 1861 & July 20, 1861:
sonofthesouth.com Start date unavailable Web. 10 May 2016.

Harpers Ferry Covered Bridge, blown up by Confederate Army on June 14, 1861.
Arsenal Fire

Lt. Roger Jones
civilwarscholars.com 9 June 2011 Web. 10 May 2016.

Nicholas Marmion – National Park Service at Harpers Ferry (NPSHF) – Frye, Harpers Ferry Under Fire, p. 155.

boy with hat, p. 801.
Crayon, Porte (Strother, D. H.). “The Mountains. Pt. II.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 44, Issue: 264, May, 1872. pp. 801-815. Print

Crayon, Porte. (May, 1872). “The Mountains. Pt. II.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 28 August 2004 Web. 29 January 2014.

kids in bushes, p. 347.
Crayon, Porte (Strother, D. H.). “The Mountains. Pt. IV.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 44, Issue: 267, August, 1872.

Crayon, Porte.. (August, 1872). “The Mountains. Pt. IV.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 28 August 2004 Web. 29 January 2014.

detail Camp of 110th Pennsylvania Inf’y – civilwartalk.com 17 August 2000 Web. 10 May 2016.

Great Horned Owl in old barn window – Mark Duffy

Single Bag Knapsack – missouribootandshoe.tripod.com 11 October 2003 Web. 10 May 2016.

Stained Glass Church Cathedral Abbey Windows Vibrant and Colorful Late 1800s French Chromolithograph

detail (face and shoulders) – “Gangrenous ulcer on external side of left foot resulting from gunshot wound.” Private John D. Parmenter, Co. G, 67th Pennsylvania Volunteers, was wounded at Amelia Springs, VA on April 6, 1865 during the American Civil War. – National Museum of Health and Medicine archives. flickr.com 26 February 2004 Web. 10 May 2016.

A River of Story: An Introduction to “Jasper’s Destiny Day” (25 Chapters) by Jim Surkamp

by Jim Surkamp on September 16, 2017 in Jefferson County

POSTS

1. This is the same as this page

2. CHAPTER 2: Prospect Hill & 3 Brothers Washington

3. CHAPTER 3: Jasper Thompson’s Earliest Ancestors

4. CHAPTER 4: 3 Washington Households in Jefferson County 1820 Forward

5. CHAPTER 5: Who “All” Owned Mount Vernon (the adults)

6. CHAPTER 6: Blakeley & Claymont

7. CHAPTER 7: “Grandmother Jane”

8. CHAPTER 8: The Enslaved Person’s Byword

9. CHAPTER 9: THE SOBER FACTS, BUT GEORGE JOHNSON “GETS CLEAR”

10. CHAPTER 10: Jasper is Born – 1844

11. CHAPTER 11: A Year’s Work in 1850:

12. CHAPTER 12: Jasper Comes of Age

13. CHAPTER 13: When Somber Men Weep

14. CHAPTER 14: The War Storm Breaks at Home

15. CHAPTER 15 – Joining An Army by Jim Surkamp

16. CHAPTER 16: Farming in the Field of War

CORRESPONDING VIDEOS

ENTIRE VIDEO STARTING AT 0:00.

INTRODUCTION & CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 2: Prospect Hill & 3 Brothers Washington

CHAPTER 3: Jasper Thompson’s Earliest Ancestors

CHAPTER 4: 3 Washington Households in Jefferson County 1820 Forward

CHAPTER 5: Who “All” Owned Mount Vernon (the adults)

CHAPTER 6: Blakeley & Claymont

CHAPTER 7: “Grandmother Jane”

CHAPTER 8: The Enslaved Person’s Byword

CHAPTER 9: THE SOBER FACTS, BUT GEORGE JOHNSON “GETS CLEAR”

INTERMISSION

CHAPTER 10: Jasper is Born – 1844

CHAPTER 11: A Year’s Work in 1850:

CHAPTER 12: Jasper Comes of Age

CHAPTER 13: When Somber Men Weep

CHAPTER 14: The War Storm Breaks at Home

CHAPTER 15: Joining An Army

CHAPTER 16: Farming in the Field of War

CHAPTER 17: War Strikes Down A Washington

CHAPTER 18: 64 War Events in Jefferson County Oct. ’61-March ’64 Summarized

CHAPTER 19: Jasper Thompson’s New Life & the “Big Bang”

CHAPTER 20: Shepherdstown, Va. – April, 1864: Netta Lee “Meets” the 19th U.S. Colored Troops

CHAPTER 21: Trained at Camp Casey and a “Lincoln Moment”

CHAPTER 22: Manassas Camp – The Men Become One

CHAPTER 23: LEE’s MEN FIRST FACE BLACK MEN IN BLUECOATS

CHAPTER 24: The Crater Climax – Jasper’s Biggest, Bravest Fight

CHAPTER 25: Conclusion: Jasper Thompson’s Destiny Day September 6, 1906

Icicles in Their Beards – References by Jim Surkamp

by Jim Surkamp on December 26, 2017 in Jefferson County

REFERENCES:

1. Aler, Vernon F. (1888).”Aler’s history of Martinsburg and Berkeley County, West Virginia.” Hagerstown, MD: The Mail Publishing Company. Internet Archives . 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2011. p. 144.

2. Julia Allen – letter to a relative February 11, 1862 from Winchester regarding the poor health of her husband James Allen – previously at the website of the Virginia Military Institute archives and is in possession of the family.

3. Cartmell, Thomas K. (1909) “Shenandoah Valley Pioneers and their Descendants: A History of Frederick County, VA.” Winchester, VA.: Eddy Press Corp. Internet Archives. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2011. p. 298.

4. Casler, John O. (1906). “Four years in the Stonewall Brigade, containing the daily experiences of four year’s service in the ranks from a diary kept at the time.” Marietta, GA: Continental Book Company. Internet Archives . 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2011. pp. 62-64.

5. Chase, Julia; Laura Lee. (2002). “Winchester Divided: The Civil War Diaries of Julia Chase and Laura Lee.” edited by Michael G. Mahon. Mechanicsburg, PA; Stackpole Books. Print. p.16

6. Clark, Charles M. (1889). “The history of the Thirty-Ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Veteran Infantry, (Yates phalanx.) in the war of the rebellion. 1861-1865.” Chicago, Ill.: The Veteran Association of the Regiment. Internet Archives. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2011. p. 60.

7. Douglas, Henry Kyd. (1940, 1968). “I Rode With Stonewall.” Charlotte, NC: University of North Carolina Press. Google Books. 19 July 2008. Web. 24 Dec. 2010.
books.google.com 24 November 2005 Web. 20 December 2017.
pp. 19-34 – November, 1861-January, 1862.

8. January, 1862 – A Chilling Account of “Stonewall” Soldier-hood – Henry Kyd Douglas writes Tippie Boteler.

Letter from Henry Kyd Douglas to Tippie Boteler, Winchester, January 12, 1862.
My Dear Miss Tippie – I’ve been to the Springs since I read your delightful last (letter). It may appear to common people as a very peculiar taste but it is a matter of taste alone, and as I never enjoyed the pleasure of visiting this or that locality in the summer and in time of peace, I did have an opportunity of going to Bath (Berkeley Springs) in winter, when everything was gilded with snow. You perceive therefore that the “one great wish so new to all hearts” that our Brigade might not be sent to Romney, was gratified in a very Delphic and to us unsatisfactory manner. But we all stand on a level (I mean all of Jackson’s and Loring’s commands) now. Before this trip it was a common thing for the members of Genl. Loring’s command to remark that it was very true though Stone-Wall had seen some hard marching and a goodly share of sharp fighting, but they had never endured the hardships of the mountain bivouac, or been exposed to the blasts of western Virginia and its deep snow. They recounted their severe trials, their hair-breadth scrapes, in wonderful eloquence, until that credulous portion of Christendom – the female sex – listened with admiration and awe and began to the chagrin of us Jacksonites to love them for the dangers they had seen. But we’ve got even now. They have been compelled to admit that they have endured within the past two weeks what they never endured before. With sufficient degree of zeal, we will hereafter be able to hold our share of the sympathies of those who hear of this the hardest march since those of Napoleon. But it has had a terrible effect upon the troops, as the overflowing hospitals of Winchester attest. About eight hundred soldiers have been rendered unfit for duty by sickness and four-horse wagons are continually arriving filled with living evidences of the hardships we have seen, while scores of sick soldiers that cannot be accommodated are being daily sent off to Staunton and other hospitals. I think the sentimentalists who imagine that there is no way to die in war but in battle, would be shocked at the sight of those who are expiring without a wound, and would feel disposed to modify that Plato quotation,”Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori” (Not by Plato, but from the Roman lyrical poet Horace’s Odes III.2.13 – JS). The line can be roughly translated into English as: “It is sweet and fitting to die for your country.) – (1).

But to begin at the beginning and be as brief as possible – for I’ve nothing else to write about and may as well fill my letter with a short account of our trip to the Springs (a la correspondent for news-paper) however uninteresting it may prove.

About 4 o’clock on New Year’s morning we were awakened by an untimely reveille and long roll. Every soldier knew before he left his bed (excuse my civilized style of saying “bed”) that a march was before him in celebration of the advent of 1862. No one knew whither, but a majority dolefully thought of Romney. About day-light we were on the way, puzzling as to our course. The day was pleasant, although rather warm for marching. It was soon evident that the whole army (militia included) was along and an active expedition was expected. About dark we bivouacked (which means we encamped within tents).

Our brigade was placed upon a high hill covered with pine-trees, resembling the spur of a mountain. Very soon the winds commenced blowing in real winter blasts and increasing in fierceness kept it up all night. Our baggage, being in the rear of the whole wagon train which was about 5 miles long, did not reach us at all that night and consequently we were left exposed to the “cold chilly winds” without a blanket and many without their overcoats. Pine fires were built, but the smoke and sparks were dashed in all directions so furiously that it was almost impossible to stand near enough to the fires to keep moderately comfortable (by moderately I mean one side – for while it would be warm the other side would be freezing).

Many threw themselves down on the ground, determined to try and sleep amid the smoke and sparks. The consequence was that very few of them escaped without burned clothes. I know I did not. I laid down by the fire and, covering my head with the cape of my overcoat, tried to sleep. I had just succeeded in getting into a nap when I was awaked by a severe shake and on looking up found several soldiers engaged in putting out the fire which had caught my overcoat in several places. Satisfied that sleep under the circumstances was impossible I stood by the fire for the rest of the night – and was duly thankful in the morning that I was still alive.

At the sounds of the drum the march was resumed and continued until about 3 p.m. when we bivouacked

3rd

until next morning and commenced the march again. This was a cold disagreeable day but we kept up the march until after 10 at night.

In the meantime we had white-spotted evidence that it was going to snow and to add to the disagreeability of the march, some poor fellows fell in the many runs we crossed after dark, and the ice on their clothes soon reminded one of sleighing times only this situation was not quite as comfortable as it might have been in ordinary times.

That night we had more than our quantity of bed-clothing for, in putting my head out from under the blankets, whither it had been driven by sleet and snow, I found in the morning about two inches of the old goo(s)man’s geese feathers on top of my bed. I had observed frequently during the night that the snow (which is much more insinuating and curious than rain) had penetrated through the small crevices between the blankets and brought itself in very disagreeable contact with my head and face.

But I am getting admirably prolix.

The next day we entered Bath and our brigade quartered there for the night. Our camp staid in a beautiful cottage built by Mr. McGilmer of Bath for a summer residence and slept on the spring lawn. It was beautifully furnished, French bedsteads, etc. oil-cloth and matting on the floor; innumerable beautiful engravings and some very handsome paintings around the walls – entirely too handsome for soldiers’ barracks. I should have preferred a good stable loft. But I’m glad to say nothing was injured and we left it very early next morning. But we had at least spent one night in Bath and that in the winter.

Did you ever read “The Daltons”? If so do you remember the description of Baden, the celebrated German watering place in winter. The resemblance to Bath is clear. To those who live at such a place all the time, the contrast between summer and winter must make either one or the other, according to the fancy, all most unendurable.

Just imaginatively repeople Bath with its summer visitors, gauze drapes, bare arms, low necks, light slippers, bare-heads – walking through the snow, stepping on ice, and watching the white rocks and leafless trees on the barren hill that rises up among the winds and seems to protect Bath. Wouldn’t it be a suggestive but strange sight? But we left Bath and went on to the river about four miles. The yankees had fled precipitately from Bath and owing to the cowardice and inefficiency of the contemptible militia, had escaped us, except about 24 prisoners.

However, we got several yankee storage-houses with army stores to the value of 30 or 40,000 dollars, burned Capon Bridge and tore up a part of the B&O R. Road. Our camps fared very well in yankee plunder, some getting jackets, some hats, shoes etc. and some entering into speculations by selling what they had captured or stolen. But the suffering of the soldiers during these few days and until the army arrived where it now is, was greater, much greater than I had described, between rain, snow, ice and cold. It was the Valley Forge of the Revolution, even to the frozen and bleeding feet. I cannot bore you by a description and even if given it would seem almost incredible.

One little episode was decidedly interesting to the soldiers. Amid the snow and ice, several messes in our camp regaled themselves with corn and tomatoes, canned, taken from the yankees and as delightful and fresh as I have ever seen them in winter.

The last march the army took to where it now is – was a dreadful one. The road was almost an uninterruptible sheet of ice, rendering it almost impossible for man or beast to travel, while by moonlight, the beards of the men, (not mine), matted with ice and glistening like crystals, presented a very peculiar yet ludicrous appearance. I have not been able to find a man in the 2nd Reg. who did not fall down at least twice. I laid down (rapidly and with emphasis) three times. 3 men in our brigade broke their arms falling, and several rendered their guns useless. Several horses were killed and many wagons were compelled to go into night quarters along the road, being unable to get along at all. Nearly all the march of 18 miles was made after dark. But I’ll describe (it) no further and but leave the brigade and regiment where it is – about 23 miles from here at Unger’s store.

How long they will remain there and what they will do next I know not, although I should not be surprised to see them here before long. Col. Ch. Jas. Faulkner has gone to Richmond for orders. You know he is one of Genl. Jackson’s aide de camp.

Probably you have asked what I am doing in Winchester with my company so far away. I arrived here last night. A general court martial convened by Genl. Johnston meets here to-morrow, of which I am Judge-Advocate, viz. prosecutor for the court, or in other words it is my duty to prepare and try all the cases brought before it. I have 15 to begin with and will be kept here at least 2 weeks, probably a month. I was ordered here (by) Genl. Jackson last night and came with Ned Lee who is a member of the court. Were it not for the court I would now be in Shepherdstown, as I could have received a furlough several days ago, but was detained and sent here for duty. I am certainly not sorry to get away from camp, although the duties of a Judge-Advocate are many and his responsibility great. I will send this letter to you at Shepherdstown although it is probably from what you said in your last that you are in Lynchburg. Hoping to hear from you very soon, with a letter that will rival mine in length, with many good messages to you, Ma and family, I am Yours in inexpressible friendship, Henry Kyd Douglas.

Henry Kyd Douglas Papers – Duke University

“Thy Will” (10) – Henry Kyd Douglas Writes Tippie of His Exploits. civilwarscholars.com 9 June 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

9. Forbush, Bradley ed. 13th Mass.org. 29 May 2002 Web. 23 December 2017.

Detachment of Companies A, B, E, & H, to Hancock, Nov. 26 – Jan. 2, 1862:

Movement of 13th Massachusetts Infantry during the first half of January, 1862:

Winter Camp at Williamsport, Md., January 1st – March 1st
Companies A, B, E & H are detached at Hancock, Md. Until January 2nd.

Jan. 1st – Williamsport; Co. K has its first dress parade. New Years day celebrations for some of those detached at Hancock.

Jan. 2nd – Co. K has its first drill since Fort Independence. Companies A, B, E & H take canal boats from Hancock to Williamsport arriving 9 p.m. They stay in town arriving at camp the next morning.

Jan. 4th – General Stonewall Jackson attacks Hancock; (as a rear guard action to his Romney campaign). Confederates drive the 39th Illinois out of Bath, Va. to Hancock. No ’13th Mass’ troops are at Hancock at this time, but a detachment is ordered there in support.

Sunday, Jan. 5th – Jackson shells Hancock. Companies C, D, I & K are ordered to march there from Williamsport, under command of Lt. Col. N. Walter Batchelder. They leave in a blizzard that night arriving 2 a.m. the next morning and report to General Frederick Lander.

Jan. 6th – Jackson decides to abandon plans to take Hancock and focuses on Romney to the southwest.

Jan. 10th – Companies C, D, I & K return to Williamsport from Hancock, Md. staying over night at Clear Spring. It is a muddy march.

Jan. 9th – 10th – Jackson takes Romney, W.Va.

Jan. 16th – Second-Lieutenant Elliot C. Pierce is promoted to First-Lieutenant, jumping the line of ten Second- Lieutenants. He is Col. Leonard’s friend and favoritism is suspected by the officers outside the Colonel’s circle. Pierce will serve 3 years and receive a Major’s commission with the regt. before muster out. He proves a capable officer.

Jan. 17th – 22nd rainy and stormy weather in camp.

10. Frye, Dennis. (1984). “2nd Virginia Infantry.” Lynchburg, VA: H.E. Howard Publishers.

11. Frye, Dennis. (1988). “12th Virginia Cavalry.” Lynchburg, VA: H.E. Howard Publishers.

12. Gold, Thomas D. (1914). “History of Clarke County, Virginia.” Berryville, VA: C. R. Hughes Publishers. Internet Archives. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 28 Dec. 2010. pp.131-132.

13. Jackson, Mary Anna. (1895). “Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson.” Louisville, KY: Prentice Press, Courier-Journal Job Print. Co. Internet Archives . 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010. pp. 223-235.

14. Lamb, Charles. (1888). “A Dissertation on Roast Pig.” Illustrator: L. J. Bridgman. Boston, MA: D. Lothrop Company. Release Date: August 26, 2013 [EBook #43566] gutenberg.org 4 April 1997 Web. 20 December 2017.

15. Lee, Mrs. Hugh Holmes: Civil War Journal – Manuscript and typed Copy are in he Files of the Winchester-Frederick County Historical Society. p. 95.

p. 771 – Mrs. Lee writes in 1864 many parties were being held at Long Meadows, the Robert Glass home, attended by Misses Ginn, Meredith and Griffith, all Union sympathizers, the invitations to loyal Confederate young ladies having been refused. (quoted in Quarles, p. 95).

16. Lever, Charles J. (1852). “The Daltons. Three Roads in Life.” London, UK: Chapman and Hall. Internet Archives. archive.org 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010.

“A day’s ride – Chapter 1 Baden Out of Season.” p. 2.

17. Macon, Emma Cassandra Riely. (1911). “Reminiscences of the Civil War.” [Cedar Rapids, Ia.] Priv. Print. [The Torch Press]. Internet Archives: 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010. pp. 11-12.

18. Moore, Cleon. (1988). “The Civil War Recollections of Cleon Moore.” Louis Santucci, (Ed.). Magazine of the Jefferson County Historical Society Vol. LIV. pp. 89-109. Print.

19. Neese, George M. (1911). “Three years in the Confederate horse artillery.” New York, NY; Washington, D.C.: The Neale Publishing Company. Internet Archives. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 16 Feb. 2011. pp. 8-23. – December 17, 1861-February 23, 1862

20. Paxton, Elisha Franklin. (1905). “Memoir and Memorials: Elisha Franklin Paxton, Brigadier-General, C.S.A.; Composed of his Letters from Camp and Field While an Officer in the Confederate Army, with an Introductory and Connecting Narrative Collected and Arranged by his Son, John Gallatin Paxton.” Washington, D.C., New York, NY: The Neale Publishing Company. docsouth.unc.edu 19 January 2001 Web 20 December 2017.

Page 42 – CHAPTER III

Morgan Co., January 8, 1862.

An opportunity of sending to Winchester enables me to write that I am here in the woods, all hands froze up and waiting for the weather to move. I take it for granted the General will come to the conclusion from this experiment that a winter campaign won’t pay, and will put us into winter quarters. I am quite well and have not suffered much.

Unger’s Store, January 12, 1862.

I was much disappointed in not getting a furlough a few days ago. I could not help but think that as the condition of the weather and the roads had made the expedition from which we had just returned a failure, it was full time to stop active operations, and in that event I was entitled to a leave of absence, if they were to be granted to any. I applied and was informed that two field officers must be left with the regiment, and that as a leave had been given to Col. Echols, none could be given to me until he returned. Hardly two days elapsed, however, until I received an order detaching me from my regiment and assigning me to the duties of a provost-marshal of the post, thus leaving but one field officer to my regiment. I have handed in my resignation, and whether that will be accepted or not I do not know. Jackson entered his disapproval of its acceptance, which will probably induce the Secretary of War and the Governor to do the same. The disapproval, it is true, implies the compliment that my services are valued, and that those in authority do not (43) wish to dispense with them; but I do not feel satisfied, and the whole affair gives me much unhappiness. I shall endeavor to take such course as will not forfeit the good opinion which I have enjoyed from those with whom I have served, and at the same time try to be content with whatever may happen. I wish you to act upon the same principle. Some of us have as hard a road to travel as yourself. I should like to be at home, and know that you fondly desire my return. If I can’t get home, we must both be satisfied. I wish you to make up your mind to remain there, and take care of what we have as well as you can. You have, I doubt not, been as happy there for the last four or five months as you could have been elsewhere. With the work on the farm, your housekeeping, and the children, you will have too much to do to be lonesome. Plenty of work is a good antidote for loneliness; a very good means of drowning your sorrows. By this course you will be of infinite service to me, and will add much to your own comfort and happiness.

If there is an honorable road to get home, I shall spare no effort to find it as speedily as possible. In the meantime, Love, devote yourself to the babies and the farm, and not to grieving about me or my troubles. I will give them my undivided attention and get through with them as soon as I can. I don’t wish to share so great a luxury with you. Now, Love, good-bye. Kiss our dear little baby and tell Matthew and Galla papa says they must be good boys. Remember me kindly to Jack, Jane and Phebe (slaves). I am very grateful to them for their fidelity. Tell Jane to get married whenever she wishes, and not to trouble herself about the threats of her last husband. pp 42-43.

PAXTON CONTINUED:

Unger’s Store, January 12, 1862.
GOV. JOHN LETCHER, Richmond, Va.

Dear Sir: My resignation, forwarded through the regular channel, will reach you in a few days. When it comes to hand you will treat it as withdrawn. I feel much aggrieved by my inability to get a furlough, and by an unjust discrimination made against me in withholding it, whilst granted to others. I have come to the conclusion that it is my duty as a citizen and a soldier to bear the grievance in patience, in the hope that hereafter I may be able to get such furlough as will save me the necessity of quitting the service.

Romney, January 19, 1862.

We left Unger’s Monday morning and reached here on Wednesday, after three days’ hard march on roads as bad as rain, sleet and snow could make them. For some time since we reached here it has been raining, and the whole (46) country is flooded with water. Since we left Winchester three weeks ago, we have indeed been making war upon the elements, and our men have stood an amount of hardship and exposure which I would not have thought was possible had I not witnessed it. In passing through it all, I have suffered but little, and my health is now as good as it ever was. Whilst this is true of myself, our ranks had been made thinner by disease since we left Winchester. Two battles would not have done us as much injury as hard weather and exposure have effected. After writing to you last Sunday, I concluded to write to the Governor to consider my resignation as withdrawn and I would trust to the chance of getting a furlough to go home. I am promised it as soon as Echols returns, and his furlough is out sixteen days from this time. I hope Jackson will have concluded by that time that a winter campaign is fruitful of disaster only, as it has been, and will put us at rest until spring. Then I may expect to see you.

Now, darling, just here the mail has come to hand, bringing your letter of the 15th inst. and the gratifying news that all are well at home. You say the sleet and snow were falling whilst you wrote, and you felt some anxiety lest I might be exposed to it. You were just about right. I left that morning at daybreak and marched in sleet and snow some fifteen miles to this place. When I got here the cape of my overcoat was a sheet of ice. If you have hard times, you may console yourself by knowing that I have hard times, too. I am amused with your fears of an inroad of the Yankees into Rockbridge Their nearest force is about eighty miles from you, and if the roads in that section have not improved very much, they will have a hard road to travel. You all are easily scared. By the time you had been near the Yankees as long as I have, you would not be so easily frightened.

You must come to the conclusion which has forced itself upon me some time since. Bear the present in patience, and hope for the best. If it turns out bad console ourselves (47) with the reflection that it is no worse. We can see nothing of the future, and it is well for us we don’t. I have but little idea to-day where I will sleep to-night, or what shall be doing to-morrow. Our business is all uncertainties. I have been in great danger only once since I have been in the service, yet I suppose I have thought a hundred times that we were on the eve of a battle which might terminate my life. Now, after all, Love, I think it best to trouble myself little with fears of danger, and to find happiness in the hope that you and I and our dear children will one day live together again happily and in peace. It may be, dearest, this hope will never be realized, yet I will cherish it as my greatest source of happiness, to be abandoned only when my flowing blood and failing breath shall teach me that I have seen the last of earth. All may yet be well with us.

Winchester, January 26, 1862.

We left Romney on Thursday, and after three days we reached, on yesterday evening, our present encampment, two miles from Winchester. To-day I received your grumbling letter of 21st, in which you were bitter over my bad usage in being refused a furlough. The only matter of surprise with me is that I ever lost my temper about it, as I came to the conclusion long ago that there was no use in grumbling about anything in the army, and it was always best to bear in patience whatever happens us, with a becoming sense of gratitude that it is no worse. I think we shall remain at rest here until spring, no one being more thoroughly disgusted with a winter campaign than Jackson himself from the fruits of our expedition to Romney. Echols’ furlough expires nine days hence, and then, I think, I may safely promise myself the happiness of a visit home to enjoy for a while the loved society of wife and little ones, from whom I have been so long separated. For a while only, Love, as my duty will require me (48) to leave you soon again. I wish to pursue such a course as will give me hereafter a good opinion of myself and the good opinion of my neighbors, and neither is to be won by shrinking from the dangers and hardships of a soldier’s life when the safety of his country requires him to endure them. But for this, the titles and applause to be won by gallantry upon the field could never tempt me from home. Would you have me return there the subject of such conversation as has been freely lavished upon those who remained behind and others who turned their backs on country and comrades? I think not.

I don’t think, Love, you would know me if you could see me just now. I think I am dirtier than I ever was before, and may be lousy besides. I have not changed clothes for two weeks, and my pants have a hole in each leg nearly big enough for a dog to creep through. I have been promising myself the luxury of soap and water all over and a change of clothes to-day, but the wind blows so hard and cold I really think I should freeze in the operation. I am afraid the dirt is striking in, as I am somewhat afflicted with the baby’s complaint — a pain under the apron. I am not much afraid of it, however, as I succeeded in getting down a good dinner, which with me is generally a sign of pretty fair health. Now, Love, I will bid you good-bye, as it is very cold and uncomfortable writing, leaving the last side of my sheet unwritten.

January 27, 1862.

Yesterday I concluded, after writing this, to come to town and get comfortable quarters, as I felt much inclined to chill. I slept pretty well last night, and this morning am not suffering any pain. I hope to be well in the course of a few days. Should I get worse, I will write tomorrow. – pp. 45-49.

21. Quarles, Garland R. (12976) “Occupied Winchester 1861-1865.” for Farmers & Merchant’s National Bank. Winchester, VA: Virginia Book Company.
The Chase home during the Civil War was in a house, no longer standing at the northeast corner of Loudoun Street and Fairfax Lane (W.D.B. 10 – Page 352; 10-Page 221). p. 38.

22. Russell, William G. (1953). “What I Know About Winchester: Recollections of William Greenway Russell 1800-1891.” Garland Quarles and Lewis N. Barton editors. Winchester, Va.: The Winchester-Frederick County Historical Society.

pp. 69-70 – (On N. Loudoun Street), James Riely owned the house next to Robert Gray; . . .The house was burned some years ago, while it was occupied by Randall Evans, colored; it was rebuilt by. Wm. R. Denny and Henry Kinzel.

p. 76 – Information on the location of Randall Evans’ establishment mentioned by Cleon Moore:

Adjoining Col. Beattie’s was a small log house formerly the property of Miss Mary and Margaret Kiger, who made a very comfortable living by plaiting straw and making straw hats and bonnets. . . . The property was offered soon after they left by Dr. Schmidt of Woodstock, Va. and afterwards by a German named Salman. He kept a candy store and also a supply of oysters and liquors. . . . The building was afterwards used for the same business by Thomas Heist, and also by Randall Evans. It then became a property of Lloyd Logan.

p. 85 – (footnote 12) 145 N. Loudoun St site of Randall Evans home and business – once owned by Robert Gray (1755-1826) Sit of Newberry Store (W.D.B 1, p. 45

Snyder, Timothy R. “Trembling in the Balance: The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal During the Civil War.” Boston, MA: Blue Mustang Press. amazon.com 4 July 2013 Web. 20 March 2014.

23. Steptoe, Tom – “Joe Crane – One Man and His Family.” civilwarscholars.com 11 June 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

24. Surkamp, Jim. “C&O Canal – A Tenuous Pawn (2).” with Author Timothy R. Snyder. civilwarscholars.com 10 June 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

MAPS:

1. 1864 Virginia Engineer Map
wvgeohistory.org 5 October 2010 Web. 20 December 2017.

2. [Map of the northern part of Virginia and West Virginia, between the Blue Ridge and the Alleghany Front, south of the Potomac River and north of New Market] – 1860. loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 20 December 2017.

3. Route 50 today (same road used by 2nd Virginia Infantry en route to Bath
gis2.co.frederick.va.us 2 March 2013 Web. 20 December 2017.

4. Hampshire County, WV – road north from Romney Gap (Route 50) north to Bath via Unger
hampshirewv.com 28 May 2012 Web. 20 December 2017.

5. Unger, Morgan County, West Virginia
roadsidethoughts.com 5 February 2006 Web. 20 December 2017.

UNAUTHORED SOURCES:

1. “Berkeley Springs Hotel Morgan County, W. Va J.t. Trego Proprietor.” Baltimore, MD: D. Binswanger and company, Prs. p.11

2. Title: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies.
Series I – Volume V – Chapter XIV: Official records of the Union and Confederate armies; Operations in Maryland, Northern Virginia, and West Virginia. Aug. 1, 1861-Mar. 17, 1862. Digital Library. Cornell University. 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

Dec. 18, 1861. Reconnaissance to Pohick Church, Va.
19, 1861. Skirmish at Point of Rocks, Md.
20, 1861. Engagement at Dranesville, Va.
24-25, 1861. Scout towards Fairfax Court-House, Va.
25, 1861. Skirmish at Cherry Run, W. Va. Skirmish at Fort Frederick, Md.
28, 1861. Beckley(Raleigh Court-House), W. Va., occupied by Union forces.
29-30, 1861. Capture of Suttonville (Braxton Court-House), and skirmishes in – Clay, Braxton, and Webster Counties, W. Va. Jan. 3, 1862. Descent upon and skirmish at Huntersyille, W. Va.
3-4, 1862. Skirmishes at Bath, W. Va.
4, 1862. Skirmishes at Slane’s Cross-Roads, Great Cacapon Bridge, Sir Johns Run, and Alpine Depot, W. Va.
5-6, 1862. Bombardment of Hancock, Md.
7, 1862. Skirmish at Hanging Rock Pass, or Blues Gap, W. Va. 8, 1862. Skirmish on the Dry Fork of Cheat River, W. Va.
9, 1862. Skirmish near Pohick Run, Va.
12-23, 1862. Expedition to Logan Court-House and the Guyaudotte Valley, W. Va.
26, 1862. General G. T. Beauregard, C. S. Army, ordered from the Potomac District to Columbus, Ky.
29, 1862. Affair at Lees house, on the Occoquan, Va.
Feb. 3, 1862. Reconnaissance to Occoquan Village, i/a.
7, 1862. Expedition to Flint Hill and Hunters Mill, Va.
8, 1862. Skirmish at the month of the Blue Stone, W. Va.
14, 1862. Affair at Bloomery, W. Va.
22, 1862. Expedition to Vienna and Flint Hill, Va.
24, 1862. Affair at Lewis Chapel, near Pohick Church, Va.
Mar. 3, 1862. Skirmish at Martinsburg, W. Va.
5, 1862. Skirmish at Bunker Hill, Va. Skirmish near Pohick Church, Va.
7, 1862. Skirmish near Winchester, Va.

p. 4.

3. Title: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies.
Series I – Volume V – Chapter XIV: Official records of the Union and Confederate armies; Operations in Maryland, Northern Virginia, and West Virginia. Aug. 1, 1861-Mar. 17, 1862. Digital Library. Cornell University. 28 August 2004 Web. 10 July 2011.

On the 1st day of the present year, Garnett’s brigade, with McLaughlins, Carpenters, and Waters batteries, Lorings command, consisting of Andersons, Gilhams, and Taliaferros brigades, Shumakers and Maryes batteries, and Meems command, moved from their various encampments near Winchester in the direction of Bath.

On the evening of the second day’s march General Carson, with part of his brigade and parts of two companies of cavalry, under Captain Harper, joined the main body, thus swelling the command to about 8,500 in the aggregate.

On January 3 the march was resumed, and when within about 10 miles of Bath the militia, under Generals Carson and Meem, inclined to the left and crossed the Warm Springs Mountain for the purpose of attacking Bath from the west, while the main body, General Loring’s command leading, continued to advance via the Frederick and Morgan turnpike. When nearly 3 miles from Bath we were met by a party of the enemy, consisting of probably 30 infantry and as many horse. After some skirmishing the enemy were driven back, 8 of them being taken prisoners. Another of the party was captured on the following morning. Oar loss was 4 wounded, 1 lieutenant and 3 privates. Darkness coming on, the command encamped for the night. – The Reports of Maj. General Thomas J. Jackson, C.S. Army, of operations from November 4, 1861 to February 21, 1862. p. 391.

4. Images of the Past: A Photographic Review of Winchester and Frederick County, Virginia. (1980). Photos selected and researched by Michael foreman, Virginia L. Miller, Reed Nester and Charles Thorne. Winchester, Va.: The Winchester-Frederick County Historical Society.
p. 43 – the southeast corner of Loudoun and Piccadilly Streets, looking south in the 1870s. . . . The J. J. Jordan Grocery on the corner was replaced by the Evans Hotel shown in the later photo (below)and in turn replaced by the Commercial and Savings bank. This is possible site of Randall Evans establishment, mentioned in Cleon Moore’s diary. p. 72 – Taylor Hotel 125 N. Loudoun Street, as it appeared in about 1890.

5. Wesley Seibert answers the last call

Shepherdstown Register., May 07, 1903, Image 3

John Wesley Seibert the well know colored barber died at his home in Shepherdstown last Sunday night. The deceased was a m uch respected man, and had a wide circle of white friends in this section who will regret his death. Wesley who was about 59 years old belong in his youth to Mrs. Betsy Morgan. At the outbreak of the Civil War he went with Company B of this place as cook and all through the war he was with the Confederate soldiers in the Second Virginia Regiment, serving them faithfully and standing by them through all their adversities. After the war he settled in Shepherdstown where he conducted a barber shop, having been located in the Entler building on Main street for 36 years. For the past year his heart has been giving him serious trouble and in February last he sold his business to Lester Wells. (The) service was one of the most remarkable demonstrations ever seen in Shepherdstown – indeed , we do not know that a similar occurrence has ever been known in this country. The Confederate Veterans and the Sons of the Confederate Veterans, command by M. J. Billmyer, marched in the funeral procession and attended the service. The most prominent business men of the town and a number of the ladies were among the white persons at the service bankers, lawyers merchants and businessmen generally paying respect to the memory of a man whose skin was dark but whose life had been faithful. The service was in charge of his paste Rev. J. E. carter, and Revs Murray of Charles town, and Greenfield of this place. Three white ministers of our town also assisted in the service, Rev. Charles Ghiselin, D. D. of the Presbyterian Church, Rev. H. H McDaniel, of the M.E. Church and Rev J. C. Thrasher of the M.E. Church South. The church was filled with white and colored people and the service was a very impressive one
chroniclingamerica.loc.gov 3 June 2008 Web. 20 December 2017.

6. Obituary: Dr. John A. Straith (mentioned in Cleon Moore’s diary):
Shepherdstown register., January 13, 1872, Image 3
chroniclingamerica.loc.gov 3 June 2008 Web. 20 December 2017.

7. Obituary: Charles Horace Gallaher
He was of the family associated with the ancient Free Press newspaper, in its day one of the most ably edited newspapers every published in a country town.
Shepherdstown register., February 02, 1911, Image 3
chroniclingamerica.loc.gov 3 June 2008 Web. 20 December 2017.

8. Obituary: Mr. Leonard Sadler, a well-known resident of Charlestown, died at his home in that place last Thursday night from nervous prostration, aged 67 years. Mr. Sadler, who was a bachelor, was a brother of Mr. J. N. Sadler, who died about three years ago. For many years they were in the furniture business and undertaking business. . . The deceased was a Confederate soldier and served throughout the civil war. He first enlisted in Company A, Second Virginia Infantry, Stonewall Brigade, in which he served for two years, and then joined Company B., Twelfth Virginia Cavalry, Gen. Rosser’s Brigade. He leaves an estate valued at $60,000. Shepherdstown register., September 29, 1898, Image 3
chroniclingamerica.loc.gov 3 June 2008 Web. 20 December 2017.

MENTIONED PRIVATE CITIZENS IN CLEON MOORE’S DIARY:

1. “Mrs. Meredith;” “Miss Meredith:”

Cleon Moore diary p. 99-100 “Mrs. Meredith’s” (of Winchester) & “Miss Meredith of Winchester” (CM, p. 102)

Meredith, James (b. 1792) silversmith;
Meredith, Elizabeth B. (b. 1803);
Meredith, Charles B. (b. 1824) merchant;
Meredith, Franklin E. (b. 1840) merchant;
Meredith, Lucy D. (b. 1844)
Meredith, Virginia F. (b. 1846);
Meredith, Fannie B. (b. 1853?)
fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

Russell,
p. 76 – The house adjoining Mr. Sperry’s was originally used as a hotel by Gilbert Meems. Later owned by Daniel Hartman who occupied the back portion while James Meredith, a silversmith, and his family occupied the front. Merediths lived there many years; later became a restaurant run by T.C. Lambden
p. 88 footnote 40 – Merediths lived at a structure including parts of 168 N. Loudoun and 174 N. Loudoun St.

2. “Mr Ginns:”

Cleon Moore diary pp. 99-100: There were several girls here and we spent some pleasant hours. We also visited at Mr. Ginns (“George Ginn” living at 108 E. Piccadilly) – he had a grand-daughter, Betty, a very pretty girl.

George Ginn lived at 108 E. Piccadilly Street – Russell, p. 141 footnote 30.
or at 115 N. Braddock Street – Russell, p. 40

The Ginn household in Winchester with most likely persons described is the George Ginn residence. He was born in 1807 and one woman aged seventeen years is named “Mary E.” (line 1, p. 124). None of the other Ginn households have a teenaged woman in 1861-1862 and a man the age of her grandfather. Cleon Moore refers to the very pretty grand-daughter “Betty” – it is possible Mary E.’s middle name is Elizabeth.
fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

3. Bonham – Clarke County, Va 1860 Census (Blank) page 5
Bonham, Geo S
Bonham, Wm
Bonham, Mary
Bonham, Francis
Bonham, Isaac
Bonham, Hannah
Bonham, Archie
Bonham, Daniel
Bonham, Ann
Bonham, Sebastian
Bonham, Edward
Bonham, Emma
Bonham, Charles
Bonham, Rose
Bonham, Alice

fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

Lucy Cornelia Bonham
Female 1831 – 1867 (36 years)
sherrysharp.com 30 September 2010 Web. 20 December 2017.

Daniel S. Bonham (1806-1869) and Ann C. Eaty (born 1827)
By Michael Taylor February 24, 2003 at 06:09:44
genealogy.com 5 November 1996 Web. 20 Decmber 2017.

4. Randall Evans

Residence: Age: 69
1870 • Baltimore Ward 10, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 20 December 2017.

Name Randall Evans
Residence Year 1873
Street Address 47 German
Residence Place Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Occupation Restaurant
Publication Title Baltimore, Maryland, City Directory, 1873
ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 20 December 2017.

On the four corners of Loudoun and Piccadilly Streets, are seen at this writing fine buildings. The S. V. N. Bank on the site of a lot owned by Daniel
Gold about 1800, where he kept a general store, prior to which it was one of the old tavern stands. Jacob Farra obtained license several times as tavern
keeper. About 1816, the first Valley Bank building was erected. Diagonally opposite, where the Evans Hotel stands, was the residence of Lewis Hoff, the
first cashier of the Valley Bank. Prior to the Civil War, the old wooden building was used by Randall Evans, father of Wm. Evans, the well-known
colored hack-man. The Kremer Bros, conducted there a general grocery after the war, until it gave place to the hotel erected by Henry Evans and Bro.,
tobacconists. Across Loudoun Street was the place known as Dunbar’s Corner for one hundred years.

Cartmell, Thomas K. (1909) “Shenandoah Valley Pioneers and their Descendants: A History of Frederick County, VA.” Winchester, VA.: Eddy Press Corp. Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2011. p. 298.

Today Piccadilly & Loudoun Streets Winchester
google.com/maps 13 October 2001 Web. 20 December 2017.

1860 U.S. Census – Frederick County, VA, Winchester, p. 110.
Evans, Randall
Evans, Lucinda
Evans, Mary A
Evans, Arianna
Evans, Thomas
Evans, George
Evans, Sarah
Evans, Jenny
Evans, Bushrod
Evans, Florinda
Evans, Betty
fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

5. Stephen Goins (Goens)

Free, Black Families in Jefferson County, Va. Towns
KABLETOWN:
Free Black Families in 1860 with the number in each:
Hall 7
Newman 8
Johnson 4
Goins 13 (Stephen, Lawson Boatsmen)
Hart 4
civilwarscholars.com 9 June 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

Stephen Goins U.S. Census 1860 – Jefferson County (Blank) Kabletown p. 257.
household of boatman Lawson Goins
fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

The 1850 Census
Name: Stephen Goins
[Stephen Grinz]
Age: 11
Birth Year: abt 1839
Birthplace: Virginia
Home in 1850: District 2 and a half, Augusta, Virginia, USA
Race: Mulatto
Gender: Male
Family Number: 1338
Household Members:
Name Age
Chapman Goins 45
Hannah Goins 39
James Goins 13
Stephen Goins 11
Isaiah Goins 8
Amelia F Goins 7
Hary J Goins 4
ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 20 December 2017.

6. THE STROTHER FAMILY – Census – US Federal 1860
… Virginia › Morgan › District No 3 › Page 69.

Names:
Strother, John (b. ~1793)
Strother, Emily (b. ~1850)
Strother, David Hunter (b.
Strother, Elizabeth P (b. ~1796)
fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

2ND VIRGINIA INFANTRY, JEFFERSON COUNTY MEN MENTIONED IN CLEON MOORE’S DIARY:

1. AISQUITH, CHARLES W.: b. in Jefferson Co. 5’8″. fair complexion, blue eyes, dark hair. Clerk. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. To Sgt., date not listed. Wded. in neck at 1st Manassas, 7/21/61. Returned to duty 9/25/61. Absent sick Nov./Dec. 1861. Present again 4/30-10/31, 1862. Hospitalized 4/5/63, chronic diarrhea. Last official entry shows him commissioned as hospital steward, 6/1/63. d. 4/2/92. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

2. BOTTS, LAWSON: b. 7/25/25 at Fredericksburg. Attended V.M.I. 1841. Lawyer in Charles Town. m. Sarah Elizabeth Bibb Ranson, 1851. Defense attorney for John Brown during the early stages of Brown’s trial. Commissioned Capt. of Botts Greys, pre-war militia Co. from Charles Town, 11/4/59. Capt. Co. G. 2nd Va. Vol. Inf., 5/3/61. To Maj., 6/12/61. To Lt. Col., 9/11/61. To Col. 6/27/62. Provost Marshal at Winchester, Nov-Dec. 1861. MWIA when shot through cheek and mouth at 2nd Manassas, 8/28/62. d. 9/16/62 at Middleburg. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.

3. FLAGG, GEORGE H.: b. 4/9/32. 5’7″. light complexion, blue eyes, light hair. Farmer. enl. 4/21/61 at Harpers Ferry in Co. G as Pvt. Elected Lt. 4/20/62. Signs roll as commanding Co., Jan.-Feb. 1864. Stuart Hosp., Richmond, 3/26-4/2 1865; rheumatism. Paroled 4/19/65 at Winchester. d. 3/25/00. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va. fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

4. GALLAHER, CHARLES HORACE: b. 4/17/39. 5’10,”. florid complexion, blue eyes, amber hair. Clerk. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. To Sgt. 10/13/63. Wded. in head at Payne’s Farm, 11/27/63. Chimborazo #3, 11/30/63. To Staunton, 12/8//63. Returned to duty 2/11/64. POW at Spotsylvania, 5/12/64 (Pt. Lookout, Elmira). Exchanged 2/20/65. paroled 4/30//65 at Staunton. d. 1/29/11. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.

5. MOORE, CLEON: b. 11/24/40. Teacher. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co G as Pvt. To Corp 8/23/61. To Lt. Nov/Dec. 1862. Absent sick at hosp., 10/15/61 Present again Nov/Dec 186l Last official records state he was on duty with Provost Guard, 10/12/Nov. 1864. Surrendered at Appomattox. Postwar, lawyer d. 12/26/14 bur. Edge Hill Charles Town, WVa.

6. ROBINSON, FREDERICK M.: b. 1831? Tailor and postal worker in Charles Town. enl. 5/9/61 at Harpers Ferry in Co. G as Pvt. AWOL since 12/27/61. Gen. Hosp. #13, Richmond, 10/31-11/15/1862; rheumatism. Gen. Hosp. Camp Winder, Richmond, 11/17-1/27 1862; acute diarrhea. Absent on detail with extra baggage, Jan/Feb.-May/June 1863. Absent on detail with Ord. train, May/June-8/6 1863. AWOL 2/11-3/20 1864. Chimborazo #5, 3/12/64; gonorrhea. To Chimborazo #2, 4/10/64. To Farmville, 5/5/64. To Chimborazo #4, 5/19-9/20 1864. Last official entry shows him present again by 10/31/64. POW (Rebel deserter) at Brandy Station, 4/6/65. Took oath and sent to New York City.

7. SADLER, LEONARD L.: b. 4/16/32. Merchant. enl. 6/14/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. Last official entry shows him absent sick, Nov/Dec. 1862. No further record. d. 9/22/98. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va. fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

Mr. Leonard Sadler, a well-known resident of Charlestown, died at his home in that place last Thursday night from nervous prostration, aged 67 years. Mr. Sadler, who was a bachelor, was a brother of Mr. J. N. Sadler, who died about three years ago. For many years they were in the furniture business and undertaking business. . . The deceased was a Confederate soldier and served throughout the civil war. He first enlisted in Company A, Second Virginia Infantry, Stonewall Brigade, in which he served for two years, and then joined Company B., Twelfth Virginia Cavalry, Gen. Rosser’s Brigade. He leaves an estate valued at $60,000.
Shepherdstown Register., September 29, 1898, Image 3. chroniclingamerica.loc.gov 3 June 2008 Web. 20 December 2017.

8. STRAITH, JOHN ALEXANDER: b. 1/26/35. Physician. Apptd. Asst Surg., 2nd Va. Inf., 5/17/61. Last official entry shows him present, Nov/Dec. 1861. No further record. d. 1/4/72. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.

9. TOWNER, JAMES L. b. about 1828. occupation postmaster. enl. 4/18/61 Halltown. Pvt. 7-8/61 absent on recruiting service not mustered. Present 9-10/61 and 11-12/61. Absent sick 1-2/62. absent sick behind enemy lines 3-4/62. d. 4/16/91. fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

James L. Towner appears in 1870 Census in Baltimore, Md. Ward 3; in 1850 Census in Shepherdstown, then-Va.
ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 20 December 2017.

James L Towner
in the 1870 United States Federal Census
Name: James L Towner
Age in 1870: 40
Birth Year: abt 1830
Birthplace: Virginia
Dwelling Number: 229
Home in 1870: Baltimore Ward 13, Baltimore, Maryland
Race: White
Gender: Male
Occupation: Clerk In Dry Good Store
Male Citizen Over 21: Y
Personal Estate Value: 4000
Household Members:
Name Age
James L Towner 40
Louisa Towner 23
Lillie L Towner 1
Lewis Daicker 18
Mary E Johnson 16
ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 20 December 2017.

10. WINTERMOYER, WILLIAM. b. abt. 1829. weaver. enlisted Co. B. 4/18/61. Present 7-12/61 and 1-2/62. AWOL 3-4-/62. AWOL since 5/1/62. Dropped from the roll 12/22/62.

12TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY MAN FROM JEFFERSON COUNTY MENTIONED BY CLEON MOORE:

CRANE, JOSEPH: b. 6/28/42. 5’7″. fair complexion, blue eyes, light hair. Clerk. enl. 5/28/61 at Camp Johnston at Harpers Ferry in Co. G 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. Absent sick 7/15-10/28/61. No further Infantry record. enl. 12/1/62 at Charles Town in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. Present Nov.-Dec. 1863. Absent sick Jan./Feb. 1864. Still absent sick 3/25/64. Entry on 4/30/64 muster shows him absent sick at hosp. since 4/5/64. Paid Nov. 1864. No further record. Paroled at Winchester 4/19/65. Postwar, resident of Charles Town, W.Va. d. 7/18/04 at Charles Town, W.Va. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.

Frye, Dennis. (1988). “12th Virginia Cavalry.” Lynchburg, VA: H.E. Howard Publishers.

Men in the 2nd Virginia Infantry with Cleon Moore whose records show sickness and/or hospitalized for sickness between November-December, 1861 and February, 1862 – the time of bad weather, deprivations, the difficult winter marches and encampments (See text of post) – Frye, Dennis. (1984). “2nd Virginia Infantry.” Lynchburg, VA: H.E. Howard Publishers; civilwarscholars.com 9 June 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

IMAGE CREDITS:

1. Well darn my stockings
Serial: Harper’s New Monthly Magazine Volume 0049 Issue 290 (July 1874)
Title: The Mountains–IX. [pp. 156-168] Author: Crayon, Porte. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. 7 May 2008. Web. 29 May 2011. p. 167.

2. Hotchkiss at first image
[Map of the northern part of Virginia and West Virginia, between the Blue Ridge and the Alleghany Front, south of the Potomac River and north of New Market] – 1860. loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 20 December 2017.

3. Montage of people and quotes

4. Montage people (See listing) in next section

5. John Casler (1838-1926)
Casler, John O. (1906). “Four years in the Stonewall Brigade, containing the daily experiences of four year’s service in the ranks from a diary kept at the time.” Marietta, GA: Continental Book Company. Internet Archives . 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2011.
frontispiece.
John O. Casler in 1863 p. 39.

6. Apple Maps

7. David Hunter Strother, Recruiting for Virginia, Pierre Morand Memorial, Special Collections, Library of Virginia edu.lva.virginia.gov 1 August 2015 Web. 20 December 2017.

8. The campaign on the Potomac – unsuccessful attempt of the Rebels to destroy dam no. 5, on the upper Potomac, near Williamsport, Maryland, December 1861 / from a sketch by Capt. Henry Bacon for the 13th Massachusetts Volunteers. loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 20 December 2017.

9. Henry Kyd Douglas
nps.gov 13 April 1997 Web. 20 December 2017.

10. Diospyros virginiana
Katja Schulz, CC BY – 2.0
plants.ces.ncsu.edu 30 November 2013 Web. 20 December 2017.

11. Stonewall Jackson, “Chancellorsville” portrait, taken at a Spotsylvania County farm on April 26, 1863.
wikipedia.org 27 July 2001 Web. 20 December 2017.

12. Cleon Moore – County Clerk’s office Jefferson County courthouse, Charles Town, WV

13. Stephen Goins of Kabletown (1837-1890)(semblance only)
Title: James River & Kanawha Canal November 1856
Collection: West Virginia Historical Art Collection
Type: Drawing
Identifier: W1995.030.257
images.lib.wvu.edu 22 September 2004 Web. 20 December 2017.

14. John Wesley Seibert – James Surkamp/Goldsborough collection

15. Woman Reading by Candlelight (1908). Peter Ilsted (Danish, 1861-1933)
the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 20 December 2017.

16. Julia Chase (1831-1908) (semblance only)
Serial: Harper’s New Monthly Magazine Volume 0011 Issue 63 (August 1855)
Title: Virginia Illustrated [pp. 289-311]. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. 7 May 2008. Web. 29 May 2011.
p. 295.

17. Mrs. Meredith (semblance)
Serial: Harper’s New Monthly Magazine Volume 0035 Issue 207 (August, 1867)
Title: Personal Recollections Of the War [pp. 273-296] Author: Strother, D. H.
Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. 7 May 2008. Web. 29 May 2011.
p. 291.

18. George Ginns (semblance) BIRTH?
Date: June 25, 1859
Title: Col. Baker Bakersville N.C.
Collection: West Virginia Historical Art Collection
Identifier: W1995.030.265
images.lib.wvu.edu 22 September 2004 Web. 20 December 2017.

19. Randall Evans (semblance) (1800- ?)
Serial: Harper’s New Monthly Magazine Volume 0010 Issue 55 (December 1854)
Title: Virginia Illustrated [pp. 1-25] by a Virginian (David Hunter Strother). Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. 7 May 2008. Web. 29 May 2011. p. 6.

20. Lawson Botts (1825-1862)
“Lawson Botts.” House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College
hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu 6 Oct. 2008. Web. 5 December 2017.

21. Towner acting up DHS Aug 1855 p. 291
Serial: Harper’s New Monthly Magazine Volume 0011 Issue 63 (August 1855)
Title: Virginia Illustrated [pp. 289-311]. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. 7 May 2008. Web. 29 May 2011.
p. 291.

22. George M. Neese (1840-1941)
vagenweb.org 8 August 2002 Web. 20 December 2017.

23. Full moon and clouds

24. oval Wormser brothers amber flask
WORMSER BROS. / SAN FRANCISCO (amber flask to far right) – This bottle is an example of a larger (8.5″ tall and 3.4″ at its widest) union oval type flask with rounded sides, i.e., totally oval in cross section. It was possibly blown at one of the early San Francisco, CA. glass works (i.e., Pacific Glass Works or San Francisco Glass Works) though could have been blown on the Eastern Seaboard (possibly in Stoddard, NH. according to one source), has an applied double ring finish, post-bottom mold produced, lacks any evidence of mold air venting, and dates from between about 1867 and 1872 (Wilson & Wilson 1968; Thomas 2002). (Photo courtesy of American Bottle Auctions.)
sha.org 2 December 1998 Web. 20 December 2017.

25. Sandie Pendleton
encyclopediavirginia.org 8 November 2006 Web. 20 December 2017.

26. cover; Charles Lamb; Ye Delightful Pig; BO-BO PLAYETH WITH FIRE; YE FIRST TASTE; YE FAMILY REJOICETH; YE JUDGE SPECULATETH; YE SAGE MAKETH A DISCOVERY; YE PIG TWIRLETH; YE AROMATIC PIG;
Lamb, Charles. (1888). “A Dissertation on roast Pig.” Illustrator: L. J. Bridgman. Boston, MA: D. Lothrop Company. Release Date: August 26, 2013 [EBook #43566]
gutenberg.org 4 April 1997 Web. 20 December 2017.

27. The Vidette by N. C. Wyeth
Johnston, Mary. (1911) “The Long Roll.” New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin. Internet Archives. archive.org 26 January 1997 Web. 20 December 2017.
p. 642.

28. Bivouac by the Federal Troops Sunday night by T. de Thulstrup
“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 1.” (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co. Internet Archives archive.org. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010. p. 482.

29. sunrise – National Park Service

Montage – Map (same as #2); and:
30. A Virginian (D.H. Strother). “Virginia Canaan.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 8, Issue 43, December, 1853. pp. 18-36. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. 7 May 2008. Web. 29 May 2011.
p. 31 – Mr. Jones’s legacy (worn out pair of boots).

31. The Mountaineer.
Harper’s New Monthly Magazine Volume 0034 Issue 204 (May 1867)
Title: Personal Recollections of the War [pp. 714-734]. Author: Strother, D. H.
Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. 7 May 2008. Web. 29 May 2011.
p. 714.

32. Strother, David H., “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 33, Issue: 194, July, 1866. pp. 172-192. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014.
p. 151 – Not at home.

33. William Loring (1818-1886)
W. W. Loring photo added by Bill
findagrave.com 5 December 1998 Web. 20 December 2017.

34. Montage Henry and Tippie
Henry Kyd Douglas
findagrave.com 5 December 1998 Web. 20 December 2017.

35. Tippie Boteler – courtesy the Boteler/Pendleton Family civilwarscholars.com 10 June 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

36. Warm Springs – Bath
Strother, David H., “Virginia Illustrated.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 10, Issue: 57, (Feb., 1855). pp. 289-311. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. p. 304.

37. Gilbert Meem (1824-1908)
added by Bill McKern findagrave.com 5 December 1998 Web. 20 December 2017.

38. John Strother (1792-1862) (semblance) by David Hunter Strother.
Title: March 1st 1874.
Donor: John Strother donation to West Virginia Collection
Collection: West Virginia Historical Art Collection
Type: Drawing
Identifier: W1995.030.389pg2
images.lib.wvu.edu 22 September 2004 Web. 20 December 2017.

39. Emily Strother (1850-1935)
wmstrother.org 12 December 1996 Web. 20 December 2017.

40. David Hunter Strother – son and father (1816-1888)
civildiscourse-historyblog.com 15 March 2015 Web. 20 December 2017.

41. Montage Guinot, Eugene. (1861). “L’été à Bade.” Paris, E. Bourdin [etc.] Internet Archives archive.org 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010.
Guignot – Hotel de Russie Baden Baden p. 186.

42. Guignot – empty ballroom Baden Baden p. 162.

43. Montage Baden Baden
Lever, Charles J. (1852). “The Daltons. Three Roads in Life.” London, UK: Chapman and Hall. Internet Archives. archive.org 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010.
Lever – The Daltons p. 56.

44. Lever – The Daltons p. 108.

45. Lever – The Daltons title page.

46. Hotchkiss at first image (same as # 2 but detail)
[Map of the northern part of Virginia and West Virginia, between the Blue Ridge and the Alleghany Front, south of the Potomac River and north of New Market] – 1860. loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 20 December 2017.

47. “The Picket Guard” by N.C. Wyeth, painted in 1922, was inspired by the Civil War poem of the same name by Ethel Lynn Beers
duxburyinthecivilwar.wordpress.com 30 November 2011 Web. 20 December 2017.

48. Wood fire in the snow
survivaljoe.net 23 May 2019. Web. 20 December 2017.

49. All in my eye rain
A Virginian. “Virginia Canaan.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 8, Issue 43, December, 1853. pp. 18-36. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. 7 May 2008. Web. 29 May 2011.
p. 28.

50. Berkley Spring Hotel postcard.

51. Men sleeping
Serial: The Century; a popular quarterly Volume 0041 Issue 5 (Mar 1891)
Title: Experiences of War Prisoners. Plain Living at Johnson’s Island [pp. 705-718]
Author: Carpenter, Horace. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. 7 May 2008. Web. 29 May 2011.
p. 705.

52. really snow covered pine trees
i.pinimg.com 28 December 2015 Web. 20 December 2017.

Montage Map Hancock, Bath, Unger’s Store, Romney & Winchester
53. CLEON Movement mid-January 1862 Hotchkiss
(Hotchkiss – Map loc.gov). Same as #2
[Map of the northern part of Virginia and West Virginia, between the Blue Ridge and the Alleghany Front, south of the Potomac River and north of New Market] – 1860. loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 20 December 2017.

54. men sitting around a camp fire
A Virginian (David Hunter Strother). “Virginia Canaan.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 8, Issue 43, December, 1853. pp. 18-36. Cornell Digital Library: 7 May 2008. Web. 29 May 2011. p. 24.

55.sick or wounded man on the floor of a house
Strother, David H., “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 34, Issue: 204, May, 1867. pp. 714-734. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. p. 725.

56. Romney by Alfred R. Waud
“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 1.” (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co. Internet Archives: archive.org. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010. p. 148.

57. Elisha Franklin Paxton
wikipedia.org 4 September 2004 Web. 20 December 2017

58. two men in heavy coats facing a strong wind
Serial: Carpenter, Horace.”Experiences of War Prisoners. Plain Living at Johnson’s Island.” The Century; a popular quarterly Volume 41 Issue 5 (Mar 1891). [pp. 705-718.]. p. 711.

59. one man struggling heavy snow
Strother, David H., “Virginia Illustrated.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 10, Issue: 57, (Feb., 1855). pp. 289-311. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. p. 308.

60. Dr. Charles Clark of the 39th Illinois infantry
Dr. Charles Merrill Clark photo added by Mike Serpa
Birth 8 Oct 1834 Manlius, Onondaga County, New York, USA
Death 28 Dec 1903 Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, USA
Burial Graceland Cemetery Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, USA
Plot Section: A, Sub Lot: 68 & E. 1/2, Grave: 8
findagrave.com 5 December 1998 Web. 20 December 2017.

61. Montage
James Walkinshaw Allen
Julia Allen – letter to a relative February 11, 1862 from Winchester regarding the poor health of her husband James Allen – previously at the website of the Virginia Military Institute archives and is in possession of the family. archivesweb.vmi.edu 13 January 2013. Web. 20 December 2017.

62. Macon, Emma Cassandra Riely. (1911). “Reminiscences of the Civil War.” [Cedar Rapids, Ia.] Priv. Print. [The Torch Press]. Internet Archives: 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010. p. 8.

Montage
63. site Randall Evans’ place N. Loudoun & Piccadilly Sts., Winchester, Va.
book – Images of the Past – Winchester & Frederick County. p. 42
David Hunter Strother p. 6 – Same as No. 19

Montage
64. Map by Jedediah Hotchkiss (same as second image in the post)
[Map of the northern part of Virginia and West Virginia, between the Blue Ridge and the Alleghany Front, south of the Potomac River and north of New Market] – 1860. loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 20 December 2017.

65. Daniel S. and Mrs. Bonham
geni.com 3 March 2000 Web 20 December 2017.

66. Pulling and pushing a horse uphill by David Hunter Strother (“A Virginian”). “Virginian Canaan.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine Volume 8 Issue 43 (December 1853). pp. 18-36. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. p. 25.

67. Two women listening
Strother, David H., “Virginia Illustrated.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 10, Issue: 55, (Dec., 1854). pp. 1-25. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. p. 2.

68. Cleon Moore – Jefferson County Courthouse, Charles Town, WV.

69. Men carousing
Strother, David H., “Virginia Illustrated.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 11, Issue: 63, (Aug., 1855). pp. 289-311. Cornell Digital Library – The Making of America. 19 July 2011. Web. 29 January 2014. p. 291.

Montage Eugene Ferris and Emma Bonham (semblance only)
70. Eugene Ferris – cdm16635.contentdm.oclc.org 13 January 2013 Web. 20 December 2017.

71. Emma Bonham (semblance only) – A Day Dream by Eastman Johnson. athenaeum.org 1 December 1998 Web. 20 December 2017.

72. James G. Wiltshire
Williamson, James J. (1896). “Mosby’s Rangers [electronic resource]: a record of the operations of the Forty-third Battalion Virginia Cavalry, from its organization to the surrender, from the diary of a private, supplemented and verified with official reports of federal officers and also of Mosby: with personal reminiscences, sketches of skirmishes, battles and bivouacs, dashing raids and daring adventures, scenes and incidents in the history of Mosby’s command: containing over 200 illustrations, including portraits of many of Mosby’s men and of federal officers with whom they came in contact, views, engagements, etc., maps of “Mosby’s Confederacy” and localities in which he operated: muster rolls, occupation and present whereabouts of surviving members.” New York, NY: R.B. Kenyon. Internet Archives. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 10 Sept. 2010.
p. 370 – James G. Wiltshire

ACTUAL IMAGES OF NAMED PERSONS in “Montage people” and includes a few others mentioned in the post.:

1.Daniel S. Bonham and wife (1808-1869)
geni.com 3 March 2000 Web 20 December 2017.

2. Helen Macon “Tippie” Boteler Pendleton May 4, 1840 to October 20, 1914 (1840-1914)
NSDAR Beeline Chapter (1980). “Tombstone Inscriptions of Jefferson County” Hagerstown, MD: HPB, Inc. Elmwood Cemetery p. 186; Leslie Keller representing the Pendleton Family.

3. Lawson Botts (1825-1862)
“Lawson Botts.” House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College 6 Oct. 2008. Web. 5 May 2011.

4. John Casler (1838-1926)
Casler, John O. (1906). “Four years in the Stonewall Brigade, containing the daily experiences of four year’s service in the ranks from a diary kept at the time.” Marietta, GA: Continental Book Company. Internet Archives . 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2011.
frontispiece.
John O. Casler in 1863 p. 39.

Pvt John Overton Casler
BIRTH 1 Dec 1838 Frederick County, Virginia, USA
DEATH 8 Jan 1926 Ardmore, Carter County, Oklahoma, USA
BURIAL Fairlawn Cemetery Oklahoma City, Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, USA
findagrave.com 5 December 1998 Web. 20 December 2017.

5. Dr. Charles M. Clark (1834-1903) – 39th Illinois Infantry
Forbush, Bradley ed. 13th Mass.org. 29 May 2002 Web. 23 March 2012.
Dr. Charles Merrill Clark photo added by Mike Serpa
Birth 8 Oct 1834 Manlius, Onondaga County, New York, USA
Death 28 Dec 1903 Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, USA
Burial Graceland Cemetery Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, USA
Plot Section: A, Sub Lot: 68 & E. 1/2, Grave: 8
findagrave.com 5 December 1998 Web. 20 December 2017.

6. Joseph Crane (1842-1904) June 28, 1842 to July 18, 1904
Baylor, George. (1900).”Bull Run to Bull Run: Four years in the army of northern Virginia.” Richmond, VA: B. F. Johnson Publishing. Internet Archives. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2011. p. 81.

NSDAR Beeline Chapter (1980). “Tombstone Inscriptions of Jefferson County” Hagerstown, MD: HPB, Inc. Elmwood Cemetery p. 360.

7. Henry Kyd Douglas (1838-1903)
BIRTH 29 Sep 1838 Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, West Virginia, USA
DEATH 18 Dec 1903 Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, USA
findagrave.com 5 December 1998 Web. 20 December 2017.

8. Eugene W. Ferris (1841-1907)
wikipedia.org 27 July 2001 Web. 20 December 2017.

Eugene W. Ferris
Officers 30th MA
Title MOLLUS-Mass Civil War Photograph Collection Volume 104
Volume 104
Page 5351-5400
Date 1861; 1862; 1863; 1864; 1865
Description The MOLLUS-MASS Civil War Photographs Collection contains the bound volumes form the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS), Massachusetts Commandary. These photographs are a mix of Civil war soldiers, both during the war and after. There are also battlefields, MOLLUS Commanders, MOLLUS headquarters and a variety of photographs.
MOLLUS-Mass Civil War Photograph Collection Volume 104
cdm16635.contentdm.oclc.org 13 January 2013 Web. 20 December 2017.

9. Portrait sérieux d’Eugène Guinot (1812-1861), homme de lettres.
parismuseescollections.paris.fr 7 May 2016 Web. 20 December 2017.

10. Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson (1824-1863)
photo taken at Winchester, Virginia
Description: Confederate general Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson.
Date November 1862
Source Valentine Richmond History Center, Cook Collection
Author: Nathaniel Routzahn (1822 – 1908), Winchester, Virginia
wikipedia.org 27 July 2001 Web. 20 December 2017.

11. Charles Lamb (1775-1834) 10 February 1775 to 27 December 1834
wikipedia.org 27 July 2001 Web. 20 December 2017.
gutenberg.org 4 April 1997 Web. 20 December 2017.

12. Charles J. Lever (1806-1872) author of The Daltons
from 1858 book “Cyclopedia of Wit and Humor” edited by William E. Burton.
wikipedia.org 27 July 2001 Web. 20 December 2017.

13. Gilbert Meem (1824-1908)
findagrave.com 5 December 1998 Web. 20 December 2017. Photo added by Bill McKern

14. Cleon Moore (1840-1914)
Image Clerk’s Office Jefferson County Courthouse, Charles Town, Wv.
Frye, Dennis. (1984). “2nd Virginia Infantry.” Lynchburg, VA: H.E. Howard Publishers.

15. George M. Neese (1840-1941)
vagenweb.org 8 August 2002 Web. 20 December 2017.

16. Helen Macon “Tippie” Boteler Pendleton May 4, 1840 to October 20, 1914 (1840-1914)
NSDAR Beeline Chapter (1980). “Tombstone Inscriptions of Jefferson County” Hagerstown, MD: HPB, Inc. Elmwood Cemetery p. 186; Leslie Keller representing the Pendleton Family.

17. Elisha Franklin Paxton (1828-1863)
wikipedia.org 27 July 2001 Web. 20 December 2017.

18. Sandie Pendleton (1840-1864) September 28, 1840 to September 23, 1864
wikipedia.org 27 July 2001 Web. 20 December 2017.

19. Emma Cassandra Riely (1847-1942)
Macon, Emma Cassandra Riely. (1911). “Reminiscences of the Civil War.” [Cedar Rapids, Ia.] Priv. Print. [The Torch Press]. Internet Archives: 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010. frontispiece.

20. Leonard Sadler (1832-1898) April 16, 1832 to September 22, 1898.
Baylor, George. (1900).”Bull Run to Bull Run: Four years in the army of northern Virginia.” Richmond, VA: B. F. Johnson Publishing. Internet Archives. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 December 2017. p. 269.

NSDAR Beeline Chapter (1980). “Tombstone Inscriptions of Jefferson County” Hagerstown, MD: HPB, Inc. Elmwood Cemetery p. 374.; shown with Archibald Aisquith, Frye, Dennis. (1988). “12th Virginia Cavalry.” Lynchburg, VA: H.E. Howard Publishers.

21. John Wesley Seibert (1846-1903)
Jim Surkamp and Goldsborough collection

22. Emily Strother (1850-1935)
Title: (detail Emily only) Emily [Strother] and Mahala July 8th 1857
Collection: West Virginia Historical Art Collection
Type: Drawing
Identifier: W1995.030.387pg37
images.lib.wvu.edu 22 September 2004 Web. 20 December 2017.

Also

File name: Walker_Emily_S#0110A – 2000-07-08.jpg
File Size: 617.3k
Dimensions: 1541 x 1802
Keywords: William
Caption 0110A Emily Strother (David Hunter, John, Benjamin, Anthony, William) b. 21 Mar 1850 Submitted by Sarah Strother King
wmstrother.org 12 December 1998 Web. 20 December 2017.

23. James G. Wiltshire (1843-1920)
Bio James G. WiltshireShepherd, Henry E. ed.(1893). The History of Baltimore From Its Founding As A Town To The Current Year.” Baltimore, MD: S.B. Nelson.
books.google.com 24 November 2005 Web. 21 October 2017.
p. 611.

James Gerard Wiltshire in the Directory of Deceased American Physicians, 1804-1929
Directory of Deceased American Physicians, 1804-1929
Name: James Gerard Wiltshire
Birth Date: 1847
Death Date: 28 Oct 1920
Death Place: Baltimore, MD
Type Practice: Allopath
Practice Specialties: Baltimore, MD, 1869
Licenses: MD
Practice Dates Places: Baltimore, MD, 1869
Medical School: University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore: University of Maryland School of Medicine and Coll of Phys and Surgeons, 1869,
ancestry.com 28 October 1996 Web. 20 December 2017.

Williamson, James J. (1896). “Mosby’s Rangers [electronic resource]: a record of the operations of the Forty-third Battalion Virginia Cavalry, from its organization to the surrender, from the diary of a private, supplemented and verified with official reports of federal officers and also of Mosby: with personal reminiscences, sketches of skirmishes, battles and bivouacs, dashing raids and daring adventures, scenes and incidents in the history of Mosby’s command: containing over 200 illustrations, including portraits of many of Mosby’s men and of federal officers with whom they came in contact, views, engagements, etc., maps of “Mosby’s Confederacy” and localities in which he operated: muster rolls, occupation and present whereabouts of surviving members.” New York, NY: R.B. Kenyon. Internet Archives. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 10 Sept. 2010.
p. 370 – James G. Wiltshire