6131 words
VIDEO: The Molten Pyres of the Camel Engines TRT: 19:02
How and why did this new mysterious Col. Thomas Jackson destroy 42 locomotives and – much more – all owned by the Baltimore and Ohio railroad that summer of 1861? Call it a tactic that deprived approaching Union armies of assets. You can also say Jackson did one thing that may well have decided the Confederate victory at Manassas/Bull Run.
Just the same the Confederates’ gigantic grab of so many B&O locomotives, coal cars, equipment, the firing of buildings and the destruction of so many bridges spanning the Potomac – made the B&O system and Maryland forever blue, and forever Union.
Why did Jackson do it? He was ordered to.
Robert E. Lee on June 1, 1861 wrote Jackson’s superior, Gen. Joseph Johnston: Destroy everything that cannot be removed, deprive them (the Federal armies-ED) of the use of the railroad, take the field and endeavor to arrest their advance up the Valley. – (Official records of the Union and Confederate armies, Series I, Vol. II Chapter IX, p. 898).
So, Gen. Johnston and then-Colonel Jackson did what Lee ordered. As a result . . .
John W. Garrett, president of the B&O, reported to his shareholders: On May 28, 1861, General possession was taken by the Confederate forces of
more than one hundred miles of the Main Stem, embroiling chiefly the region between Point of Rocks and Cumberland. . . . – (“35th Annual Report of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.” Baltimore, MD.: 1863. pp. 6-7).
What does such destruction look like? This task of destroying dozens of fifty-ton locomotives was a sight one could never forget.
David Hunter Strother, an artist, saw that ghastly scene about twenty miles from Harper’s Ferry at Martinsburg, Va. June 20, 1861:
. . . we heard a strange singing and screaming in the air which resembled the notes of a gigantic AEolian. These sounds grew more distinct and definite as we advanced, and still nearer the town we perceived immense columns of black smoke rolling up between us and the setting sun,
and tinging the whole landscape with a coppery hue. . . a scene was suddenly presented to us which much more resembled a dream of Dante’s Inferno, than an exhibition of real life. Jackson’s brigade was performing a grand “auto de fe” upon the rolling stock of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad . .
. . On the open space in front of the work-shops stood, ranged upon the tracks, between forty and fifty locomotives, roasting amidst the flames of a thousand cords of wood, distributed, refreshed, and stirred up continually by a brigade of . . . Confederates.
Strother wrote again the following day June 21, 1861:
The dawn of morning . . . on the railroad we could see the wilted and discolored bodies of the locomotives lying amidst the smoke and ashes of their funeral pyres. . . – (Strother, David H., “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 33, Issue: 194, July, 1866. pp. 144-147).
This is the first of several short videos telling the story – First how Col. Jackson entrapped the B&O system; next how, when, and where his men destroyed bridges – Third, how forty-two locomotives, tenders, 386 coal hoppers and gondola cars were fashioned into self-destructive, molten, long-burning coal fires –
Fourth, how after the Battle of Manassas/Bull Run, Jackson and his men returned to the eastern Panhandle – once again, rid of Union soldiers – to tear up some thirty-six miles of double track employing ingenious, almost artistic, methods.
The fifth video is the remarkable story of how Jackson and a team of men and horses enabled and girded themselves to successfully transport eighteen, full-size locomotives, without benefit of rails, over some 38 miles of crumbling macadam to Strasburg, Va., an engineering marvel credited to one Captain Thomas R. Sharp, the previous Master of Transportation to the Winchester and Potomac Railroad.
Part 1 of our story: JACKSON ENTRAPS B&O TRAINS – May, 1861
Union armies began amassing for hundreds of miles east to west all along the north side of the Potomac River and the Baltimore & Ohio line. The armies would nearly gain control of the B&O road except for a stretch in the eastern Panhandle where Col. Jackson and his thousands of new troops were active.
A vote was coming on May 23rd that would reveal the political sentiment of Virginians statewide towards a convention’s vote in April to secede. If the western counties, tied to Baltimore so vitally by the B&O, were to proceed with an effort to form its own non-seceding state, then choking off the B&O pipeline to them would become a priority for the Confederacy. Jackson and Gen. Johnston would be the point men.
Early May, 1861 witnessed a wily game of chess between Jackson and his Union counterparts.
A precarious detente of sorts had been in place whereby Jackson was on orders to not interfere with B&O traffic – however irksome was the constant sight and night-long rumbling of coal cars spiriting coal east to the harbors in Baltimore to be used to interdict Confederate shipping.
But Jackson saw he could use his mere 44-miles of the 500-plus mile railroad to bring the whole B&O main stem to a screeching halt. That would mean no troops moving east or west, as western Virginia was struggling to become a separate state; and no more coal cars reaching Baltimore and Union ships.
Then, Union Gen. Benjamin Franklin Butler provoked Confederate leaders by making his own first “chess” move.
Between May 5th and May 13th, Butler assured use of the B&O road by Union forces not only between Baltimore and Washington, D.C., but the main stem
stretching west all the way to Jackson’s area of control beginning at Point of Rocks, MD just twelve miles shy of Jackson’s headquarters at Harper’s
Ferry. Butler conducted his side of this “chess game” from the key crossroads at the Relay House nine miles from Baltimore. – (Summers, pp. 62-65)
Like every checkmate in this game of wits between Jackson, the president of the Baltimore and Ohio, and Generals like Butler, Jackson’s checkmate was “snuck” into fatal position one move at a time. Jackson’s greatest asset
in making his surprise, bloodless attack was the deluded wish and hope among the gentlemen class and the powerful that it wasn’t quite yet time for the relentless cruel hammer blows of war to fall. Jackson brought them war.
Much was at stake in terms of real assets and the conduct of this fledgling war between brothers.
This so-called chess game would come to an end soon. Jackson, on the orders of Johnston and Lee, would paralyze the B&O for ten months using – at first – only cunning and nary spilling a drop of blood or firing a single minie ball.
An estimated 56 locomotives – many weighing fifty tons – their tenders, 386 cars, 26 bridges, invaluable equipment and 36.5 miles of double track would be torn up or removed in the service of the Confederacy, the aggrieved courtesy of the B&O. – Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. – (“Thirty-Sixth Annual Report.”(for 1861) Baltimore: MD, 1864. pp. 7-8. Print).
THE LEAD-UP
Pre-war Boom Times for the B&O and Winchester-Potomac
The Baltimore and Ohio railroad held onto its business despite gathering storm clouds of war, and rival railroads by indemnifying its customers against any losses “from political or military causes.” Business, that May, 1861, was booming as demand for coal eastbound soared and the United States government began utilizing the railroad. – (Summers – p. 48).
In the 1830s, the Winchester-Potomac branch connected Winchester to the B&O at Harper’s Ferry, vastly enriching Jefferson County’s wheat farmers who
could load flour at interim stops, a crop abundantly available because the county topped all other Virginia counties year after year in total wheat production. County and Valley found an eager, well-paying market in Europe.
But the Winchester-Potomac line, on the eve of the Civil War, could only bear the loads of smaller, older locomotives and relied on flat rails instead of the more common T rail. – (Cartmell, pp. 60-62).
NOW, LET THE “CHESS GAME” BEGIN
Still in command of his new mixed bag of hard-drilling volunteers at Harper’s Ferry, Col. Jackson stood by the Virginia governor’s orders that “the road not be used to prejudice Virginia” – up to when Butler made his
first move on Sunday, May 5th. Butler began controlling the B&O line from the Relay House south of Baltimore.
Jackson counter-moved, by seizing assets on an eastbound military train after Butler ordered searches and seizures on B&O trains and of their passengers.
On Thursday, May 9th, Jackson moved in kind at Harper’s Ferry and “acquisitioned” five carloads of beeves and one of horses. He sent the assets south and bought for himself two horses, one his calm-and-steady war-horse first named “Fancy,” later “Little Sorrel.” – (Jackson, Mary Anna, pp. 171-173).
Four days later on Monday, May 13, 1861 – Butler extended his control all the way from the Relay House nine miles from Baltimore to Jackson’s stronghold at Harper’s Ferry. – (Summers, pp. 62-63).
John Imboden remembered in his article for “The Century”:
By Jackson’s orders I took possession of the bridge across the Potomac at Point of Rocks, twelve miles below Harper’s Ferry, and fortified the
Virginia end of the bridge, as we expected a visit any night from General B. F. Butler, who was at the Relay House on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. It was my habit to keep awake all night to be ready for emergencies, and to sleep in the day-time, making daily reports, night and morning, to Jackson.
One Sunday afternoon, a little over a week after we occupied this post, I was aroused from my nap by one of my men, who said there were two men in blue uniforms (we had not yet adopted the gray) riding about our camp, and looking so closely at everything that he believed they were spies. I went out to see who they were, and found Jackson and one of his staff. As I approached them, he put
his finger on his lips and shook his head as a signal for silence. In a low tone he said he preferred it should not be known he had come there. He approved of all I had done, and soon galloped away. and afterwards I suspected that the visit was simply to familiarize himself with the line of the canal and railroad from Point of Rocks to Harper’s Ferry preparatory to a sharp bit of strategy which he had been practicing for a few days. – (Imboden, p. 122-124).
On Wednesday, May 15th, Col. Jackson, figuratively, moved his queen into range of the B&O’s king. He had in mind the forty-four miles of double track that ran between Point of Rocks (12 miles below Harper’s Ferry on the opposite side of the river in Maryland) and Cherry Run, Va, thirty-two miles to its west. – (Summers, pp. 66-67).
That day, Jackson telegraphed Garrett at the B&O’s headquarters, complaining: The noise of your trains is intolerable . . . My men find their repose disturbed by them each night. You will have to work out some other method of operating them. – (Hungerford, p. 7).
Imboden continues:
(Jackson) requested a change of schedule that would pass all eastbound trains by Harper’s Ferry between 11 and 1 o’clock in the day-time, and Mr. Garrett complied, and thereafter for several days we heard the constant roar of passing trains for an hour before, and an hour after, noon.
But since the “empties” were sent up the road at night, Jackson again complained that the nuisance was as great as ever, and, as the road had two tracks, said he must insist that the westbound trains should pass during the same two hours as those going east. Mr. Garrett promptly complied, and we had then, for two hours every day, the liveliest railroad in America. – (Imboden, p. 123).
On Wednesday, May 22nd Jackson’s order to Imboden: From Point of Rocks permit all westbound trains, deny all eastbound trains and at noon the next day, close the line. – (Summers, p. 66).
Thursday, May 23rd, Jackson’s order to Kenton Harper, commanding the 5th Virginia Infantry west of Martinsburg: Permit all eastbound trains, deny all westbound trains, close the line at noon the 23rd, like Imboden. -(Summers, p. 66).
Jackson said “checkmate” at noon that day, capturing inside the trap fifty-six locomotives and more than 300 cars.” – (Summers, p. 67).
Related and Local Links:
Stonewall’s Train Trick by Jim Surkamp Click Here – TRT: 3:37.
The B&O’s early days by ‘Jack’ Snyder. Click Here. 440 words
The B&O’s early days by ‘Jack’ Snyder Click Here. – TRT: 7:45.
‘Jack’ Snyder explains the early B&O railroad Pt. 2. Click Here. 706 words
‘Jack’ Snyder explains the early B&O railroad Pt. 2 Click Here. TRT: 4:13.
‘Jack’ Snyder on the B&O and Lincoln’s Overlooked Role as the Railroad Visionary. Click Here. 803 words
‘Jack’ Snyder on the B&O and Lincoln’s Overlooked Role as the Railroad Visionary. Click Here. – TRT: 4:30.
‘Jack’ Snyder and John Brown’s Mistake with the B&O at Harper’s Ferry, Va 1859. Click Here. 742 words
‘Jack’ Snyder and John Brown’s Mistake with the B&O at Harper’s Ferry, Va 1859. Click Here.- TRT: 4:41
‘Jack’ Snyder – The B&O Model Was Key to American Prosperity. Click Here. 807 words
‘Jack’ Snyder – The B&O Model Was Key to American Prosperity Click Here. – TRT: 5:18.
References:
Barger, Raymond G. and Rev. H. Austin Cooper. (1991). “A Chronological History of Berlin-Brunswick, Maryland.” Brunswick, MD: The Brunswick Citizen. Print.
Barger, Raymond G. and Rev. H. Austin Cooper. (1991). “The Strange Story of Harper’s Ferry: with legends of the surrounding country.” Google Books. 19 July 2008. Web. 24 Dec. 2010.
Caplinger, Michael W. (1997). “Bridges Over Time: A Technological Context for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Main Stem at Harpers Ferry, west Virginia.” Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University Institute for the History of Technology & Industrial Archaeology. Print.
Cartmell, Thomas K. (1909). “Shenandoah Valley Pioneers and their Descendants: A History of Frederick County, VA.” Winchester, VA.: Eddy Press Corp. pp. 60-62. Print.
Cartmell, Thomas K. (1909). “Shenandoah Valley Pioneers and their Descendants: A History of Frederick County, VA.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2012.
Chase, Julia; Lee, Laura. (2002). “Winchester Divided: The Civil War Diaries of Julia Chase and Laura Lee.” edited by Michael G. Mahon. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Press. pp. 8-17. Print.
Cheshire, R. M. “Sketches – The Underground Railroad.” Book of the Royal Blue. Vol. III. (October, 1904). pp. 3-4. Print.
Cheshire, R. M. “Sketches – Wizard Clip.” Book of the Royal Blue. Vol. III. (October, 1904). pp. 4-5. Print.
Cheshire, R. M. “Sketches – The Underground Railroad.” Book of the Royal Blue. Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 28 March 2012.
Douglas, Henry Kyd. (1940, 1968). “I Rode With Stonewall.” Charlotte, NC: University of North Carolina Press. Print.
Douglas, Henry Kyd. (1940, 1968). “I Rode With Stonewall.” Google Books. 19 July 2008. Web. 24 Dec. 2010.
Eggleston, George Cary. (1875). “A Rebel’s Recollections.” New York, NY: Hurd & Houghton. Print
Eggleston, George Cary. (1875). “A Rebel’s Recollections” Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina Library. 22 Aug. 2008 Web. 28 Dec. 2010.
Eggleston, George Cary. (1910). “Recollections of a varied life.”
New York, NY: H. Holt and company. Print.
Eggleston, George Cary. (1910). “Recollections of a varied life.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2012.
Gardiner, M. H.; Gardiner, A.H. (1938). “Chronicles of Old Berkeley.”
Durham, N.C.: The Seeman Press. pp. 152-170. Print.
Harwood, Herbert H. Jr. (1994). “The Impossible Challenge.” Baltimore, MD.: Barnard, Roberts and co., Inc. Print.
Haupt, Herman. (1901). “Reminiscences of General Herman Haupt; giving hitherto unpublished official orders, personal narratives of important military operations, and interviews with President Lincoln, Secretary Stanton, General-in-chief Halleck, and with Generals McDowell, McClellan, Meade, Hancock, Burnside, and others in command of the armies in the field, and his impressions of these men.” Milwaukee, WI : Wright & Joys. Print.
Haupt, Herman. (1901). “Reminiscences of General Herman Haupt.”
Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 March 2012.
Hearn, Chester G. “The Great Locomotive March.” Civil War Times Illustrated. (December, 1986). pp. 21-23, pp. 28-30. Print.
Hearn, Chester G. (1996). “Six Years of Hell: Harpers Ferry During the Civil War.” Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University. Print.
Hearn, Chester G. “Six Years of Hell: Harpers Ferry During the Civil War.” Google Books. 19 July 2008. Web. 18 Aug. 2010.
Hungerford, Edward. (1928). “The Story of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1827-1927.” New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. Print.
Imboden, John D. (1888). “Jackson at Harper’s Ferry in 1861.” Battles and Leaders. Vol. 1. Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co. pp. 122-123. Print.
Imboden, (later-Brigadier-General, C.S.A.) John D. (1888). “Jackson at Harper’s Ferry in 1861.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Sept. 2010.
Jackson, Mary Anna. (1895). “Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson.” Louisville, KY: Prentice Press, Courier-Journal job Print. Co.
Jackson, Mary Anna. (1895). “Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 28 March 2012.
Lash, Jeffrey N. (1991). “Destroyer of the Iron Horse: General Joseph E. Johnston and Confederate Rail Transport, 1861-1865.” Kent, OH, London, UK: The Kent State University Press. Print.
Porter, W. E. “Keeping the Baltimore and Ohio in Repair in War time was a Task for Hercules.” Book of the Royal Blue. Vol. X (June, 1907). Print.
Porter, W. E. “Keeping the Baltimore and Ohio in Repair in War time was a Task for Hercules.” Book of the Royal Blue. Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 28 March 2012.
Pratt, Edwin A. (1915). “The rise of rail-power in war and conquest, 1833-1914, with a bibliography.” London, UK: P. S. King and Son. Print.
Pratt, Edwin A. (1915). “The rise of rail-power in war and conquest, 1833-1914, with a bibliography.” Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 28 March 2012.
Schriver, Ernest. “Stealing Railroad Engines.” (1889 or 1898-ED). from “Tales from McClure’s: War, being true stories of camp and battlefield.” New York, NY: Doubleday & McClure co. Print.
Stover, John F. (1987). “History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.” West Lafayette, IN. Purdue University Press. Print.
Summers, Festus P. (1993). “Baltimore and Ohio in the Civil War.” Gettysburg, PA: Stan Clark Military Books. Print.
Strother, David H., “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 33, Issue: 193, June, 1866. Print.
Strother, David H. (June, 1866). ““Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s Magazine. 7 May 2008. Web. 20 Oct. 2010.
Strother, David H., “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 33, Issue: 194, July, 1866. pp. 144-147. Print.
Strother, David H. (July, 1866). “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s Magazine. 7 May 2008. Web. 20 Oct. 2010.
Vairin, Augustus L. P. “Civil War Diary of Augustus L. P. Vairin 2nd Mississippi Infantry, C.S.A.” (Originals available for review or copies purchased from the Mississippi Department of Archives and History.
Vairin, Augustus. “Civil War Diary of Augustus L. P. Vairin 2nd Mississippi Infantry, C.S.A.” 25 June 1998 Web. 26 June 2011.
Voegle, F. B. (2000). “Chronology of the Civil War in Berkeley County.” The Berkeley Journal. Vol. 26. Print.
Ward, Clyde. “Twisting Confederate Iron.” Civil War Times Illustrated. (December, 1986). pp. 21-23, pp. 28-30. Print.
Warner, Ezra J. (1989). “Generals in Grey.” Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. Print.
Warner, Ezra.”Generals in Gray.” books.google.com 24 November 2005 Web. 28 December 2011.
Winchester_and_Potomac_Railroad
Wiki English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. “Thirty-Sixth Annual Report.” Baltimore: MD, 1864. Print.
“The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies.” (1902). NOTE on authors: Robert N. Scott compiled and edited v. 1-18, 1880-87, and also collected the greater part of the material for v. 19-36, 1887-91. After his death in 1887 the work was continued by Henry M. Lazelle, 1887-89, and by a board of publication, 1889-99, consisting of George B. Davis, 1889-97, Leslie J. Perry, 1889-99, Joseph W. Kirkley, 1889-99, and Fred C. Ainsworth, 1898-99; from 1899-1901 edited by Fred C. Ainsworth and Joesph W. Kirkley. Gettysburg, Pa: Gettysburg National Historical Society. Print.
Series I, Volume II – Chapter IX:
Official records of the Union and Confederate armies
Operations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Apr 16-Jul 31, 1861.
Little Sorrel
Angelfire.com. 5 October 2001 Web. 1 April 2012.
Thomas R. Sharp
“Biography of Thomas R. Sharp.” Confederate Railroads 6 April 2002 Web. 11 April 2012. The contents of this web site are copyrighted. Data may be used from these pages for non-commercial purposes as long as credit is given to David L. Bright and the address of this site is given (www.csa-railroads.com).
c 2002-2012)
“Jackson and the Locomotive Haul”
Confederate Railroads. 6 April 2002 Web. 11 April 2012. The contents of this web site are copyrighted. Data may be used from these pages for non-commercial purposes as long as credit is given to David L. Bright and the address of this site is given (www.csa-railroads.com).
c 2002-2012)
Letters
13th Mass.org. 29 May 2002 Web. 23 March 2012.
The New York Times Search Query. The New York Times. 28 August 2005 Web. 10 April 2012
Old Dominion Draft Horse & Mule Association. early 2011 Web. 21 March 2012.
Flickr Sets/Image Credits:
Schema of locomotive
San Diego Railroad Museum. 24 January 2000 Web. 21 March 2012.
Destroyed bridge and pontoon at Berlin (today Brunswick) MD.
Miller, Francis Trevelyan. (1912). “The photographic history of the civil war in ten volumes.” Vol. 2. New York, NY: The Review of Reviews Co. p. 57. Print.
Miller, Francis Trevelyan. (1912). “The photographic history of the civil war in ten volumes.” Vol. 2. Perseus Digital Library at Tufts University. 10 May 2008. Web. 16 Feb. 2011.
Point of Rocks Bridge
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
Luckey, George B. “Harper’s Ferry A Photographer’s Mecca.” Book of the Royal Blue. Vol. VII. (June, 1904). pp. 1-4. Print.
Luckey, George B. “Harper’s Ferry A Photographer’s Mecca.” Book of the Royal Blue. Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 28 March 2012.
Snyder, H. L. “West Virginia” from “Shepherdstown Register” in Book of the Royal Blue. Vol. IX. (October, 1905). pp. 5-8. Print.
Snyder, H. L. “West Virginia” from “Shepherdstown Register.” Book of the Royal Blue. Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 28 March 2012.
Cheshire, B. M. “The Valley of the Shenandoah.” Book of the Royal Blue. Vol. VII. (November, 1905). pp. 9-13. Print.
Cheshire, B. M. “The Valley of the Shenandoah.” Book of the Royal Blue.
Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 28 March 2012.
Sharp’s Raid Map
Confederate Railroads. 6 April 2002 Web. 5 April 2012.
People on cow catcher
“The Great Railway Celebration June, 1857 Photograph of the Finest Train of That Period On Occasion of Opening Baltimore & Ohio Lines.” p. 1. Print.
“The Great Railway Celebration June, 1857 Photograph of the Finest Train of That Period On Occasion of Opening Baltimore & Ohio Lines.” Book of the Royal Blue. Internet Archives: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music, and Wayback Machine. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 28 March 2012.
Color draw of Harper’s Ferry
The Institute of Advanced Technology in the Humanities. 4 March 1997 Web. 9 April 2012.
Wernwag-Bollman bridge, Harper’s Ferry, Va.
Trestle on Potomac side,
Destroyed bridge
Photographs from the West Virginia and Regional History Collection. 9 October 2010 Web. 9 April 2012.
McCormick Reaper
Machine-History.com. 14 July 2011 Web. 17 April 2012.
Hall’s Rifle Works
Photographs from the West Virginia and Regional History Collection.
9 October 2010 Web. 9 April 2012.
Men dining
Strother, D. H. “Personal Recollections Of the War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harpers and Bros. Volume 36, Issue: 213, February, 1868. p. 273. Print.
Strother, D. H. (February, 1868). “Personal Recollections Of the War.” Harper’s Magazine. Cornell Library. 7 May 2000 Web. 20 Oct. 2010.
Berlin. MD pontoon bridge next to remains of the original
American Civil War.com. 9 June 2001 Web 9 April 2012.
Stonewall Jackson face-front
photographed Winchester, Va, 1862. – Library of Congress
Stonewall Jackson face-front, 1862. Answers.com. 26 March 2005 Web. 17 April 2012.
Martinsburg, WV Historic – Civil War Map – 1861. Account of Van Corey. 12 July 2007 Web. 30 March 2012.
Herman_Haupt
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
B&O Railroad Museum.
30 May 1997 Web. 23 March 2012.
The Baltimore Bottleneck
B&O Railroad Museum. 15 September 2010 Web. 23 March 2012.
Little Sorrel
Ultimate Horse Site.com. 2 November 2006 Web. 5 April 2012.
Statement of John W. Garrett before Committee on Military Affairs, April 25, 1862. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Co., Garrett, J. W., & United States. Congress. House. Committee of Military Affairs. (1862). Statement of John W. Garrett, president of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, made before the Committee on Military Affairs, of the House of Representatives, on the 25th of April, 1862: in opposition to the “proposition” of the Metropolitan Railroad Company, to “build a road making direct communication between Washington City and New York.”. Baltimore: Printed by Kelly, Hedian, & Piet. p. 19. Print
The Baltimore and Ohio Company collected a charge of 3.75 centers per mile for passengers and from 5 to 8 cents per ton for freight on the Washington Branch. (Senate Documents, 2d Sess., 37th Cong., No. 1, p.11).
Norris and Knight engine
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
LOC.GOV photos:
Title: [Military railroad operations in northern Virginia: men using levers for loosening rails].
Creator(s): Russell, Andrew J., photographer
Related Names:
United States. Army. Military Railway Service.
Date Created/Published: [1862 or 1863]
Medium: 1 photographic print : salted paper.
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-10396 (digital file from original photo, front) LC-USZ62-90111 (b&w film copy neg.)
Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
Call Number: LOT 9209, no. 49b [P&P]
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Notes:
- No. 49 (handwritten) and 2551 (stamped) on mount.
- Title devised by Library staff.
- Forms part of Civil War photos, military construction and transportation in Northern Virginia and elsewhere / United States Military Railway Department (Library of Congress).
Title: [Military railroad operations in northern Virginia: men using levers for loosening rails].
Creator(s): Russell, Andrew J., photographer
Related Names:
United States. Army. Military Railway Service.
Date Created/Published: [ca. 1862 or 1863]
Medium: 1 photographic print : salted paper.
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-10397 (digital file from original photo, front) LC-B8184-10495 (b&w film copy neg.)
Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
Call Number: LOT 9209, no. 50 & 51 [P&P]
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Notes:
- No. 50 & 51 (handwritten) and 2552 (stamped) on mount.
- Title devised by Library staff.
- Forms part of Civil War photos, military construction and transportation in Northern Virginia and elsewhere / United States Military Railway Department (Library of Congress).
Title: [Military railroad operations in northern Virginia: men working on bridge].
Creator(s): Russell, Andrew J., photographer
Related Names:
United States. Army. Military Railway Service.
Date Created/Published: [1862 or 1863]
Medium: 1 photographic print : salted paper.
Summary: Photograph showing a man boring a hole in bridge trestle and a man with Haupt’s Torpedo; back of train in background.
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-10406 (digital file from original photo, front) LC-USZ62-90115 (b&w film copy neg.)
Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
Call Number: LOT 9209, no. 59 [P&P]
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Notes:
- No. 59 (handwritten) and 2560 (stamped) on mount.
- Title devised by Library staff.
- Forms part of Civil War photos, military construction and transportation in Northern Virginia and elsewhere / United States Military Railway Department (Library of Congress).
Title: [Military railroad operations in northern Virginia: men using levers for loosening rails].
Creator(s): Russell, Andrew J., photographer
Related Names:
United States. Army. Military Railway Service.
Date Created/Published: [1862 or 1863]
Medium: 1 photographic print : salted paper.
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-10394 (digital file from original photo, front) LC-USZ62-90109 (b&w film copy neg.)
Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
Call Number: LOT 9209, no. 48 [P&P]
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Notes:
- No. 48 (handwritten) and 2549 (stamped) on mount.
- Title devised by Library staff.
- Forms part of Civil War photos, military construction and transportation in Northern Virginia and elsewhere / United States Military Railway Department (Library of Congress).
Title: [Military railroad operations in northern Virginia: man standing on railroad tracks holding twisted rail].
Creator(s): Russell, Andrew J., photographer
Date Created/Published: [1862 or 1863]
Medium: 1 photographic print : salted paper.
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-10402 (digital file from original photo, front) LC-USZ62-90114 (b&w film copy neg.)
Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
Call Number: LOT 9209, no. 56 [P&P]
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Notes:
- No. 56 (handwritten) and 2557 (stamped) on mount.
- Title devised by Library staff.
- Forms part of Civil War photos, military construction and transportation in Northern Virginia and elsewhere / United States Military Railway Department (Library of Congress).
Title: [Military railroad operations in northern Virginia: men standing on railroad track].
Creator(s): Russell, Andrew J., photographer
Related Names:
United States. Army. Military Railway Service.
Date Created/Published: [ca. 1862 or 1863]
Medium: 1 photographic print : salted paper.
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-10395 (digital file from original photo, front)
Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
Call Number: LOT 9209, no. 49a [P&P]
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Notes:
- No. 49 (handwritten) and 2548 (stamped) on mount.
- Title devised by Library staff.
- Forms part of Civil War photos, military construction and transportation in Northern Virginia and elsewhere / United States Military Railway Department (Library of Congress).
Title: [Military railroad operations in northern Virginia: pieces of rail and wood chained around a tree]
Creator(s): Russell, Andrew J., photographer
Related Names:
United States. Army. Military Railway Service.
Date Created/Published: [ca. 1862 or 1863]
Medium: 1 photographic print : salted paper.
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-10401 (digital file from original photo, front)
Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
Call Number: LOT 9209, no. 55 [P&P]
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Notes:
No. 55 (handwritten) and 2556 (stamped) on mount.
Title devised by Library staff.
Forms part of Civil War photos, military construction and transportation in Northern Virginia and elsewhere / United States Military Railway Department (Library of Congress).
Title: Military railroad operations in northern Virginia: African American laborers working on rail.
- Creator(s): Russell, Andrew J., photographer
- Related Names:
United States. Army. Military Railway Service. - Date Created/Published: [ca. 1862 or 1863]
- Medium: 1 photographic print : salted paper.
- Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-10400 (digital file from original photo, front)
- Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
- Call Number: LOT 9209, no. 54 [P&P]
- Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
- Notes:
o No. 54 (handwritten) and 2555 (stamped) on mount.
o Title devised by Library staff.
o Forms part of Civil War photos, military construction and transportation in Northern Virginia and elsewhere / United States Military Railway Department (Library of Congress).
Title: [Military railroad operations in northern Virginia: two piles of rails and wooden ties]
Creator(s): Russell, Andrew J., photographer
Related Names:
United States. Army. Military Railway Service.
Date Created/Published: [1862 or 1863]
Medium: 1 photographic print : salted paper.
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-10398 (digital file from original photo, front) LC-USZ62-90112 (b&w film copy neg.)
Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
Call Number: LOT 9209, no. 52 [P&P]
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Notes:
No. 52 (handwritten) and 2553 (stamped) on mount.
Title devised by Library staff.
Forms part of Civil War photos, military construction and transportation in Northern Virginia and elsewhere / United States Military Railway Department (Library of Congress).
- Title: [Military railroad operations in northern Virginia: African American laborers twisting rail]
- Creator(s): Russell, Andrew J., photographer
- Related Names:
United States. Army. Military Railway Service. - Date Created/Published: [1862 or 1863]
- Medium: 1 photographic print : salted paper.
- Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-10399 (digital file from original photo, front) LC-USZ62-90113 (b&w film copy neg.)
- Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
- Call Number: LOT 9209, no. 53 [P&P]
- Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
- Notes:
o No. 53 (handwritten) and 2554 (stamped) on mount.
o Title devised by Library staff.
o Forms part of Civil War photos, military construction and transportation in Northern Virginia and elsewhere / United States Military Railway Department (Library of Congress).
Title: [Railroad construction worker straightening track; pile of twisted rails in background. 1862-63].
Creator(s): Russell, Andrew J., photographer
Related Names:
United States. Army. Military Railway Service.
Date Created/Published: [between 1862 and 1863]
Medium: 1 photographic print : salted paper.
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-10413 (digital file from original photo, front) LC-USZ62-60086 (b&w film copy neg.)
Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
Call Number: LOT 9209, no. 67 [P&P]
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Notes:
- No. 67 (handwritten) and 2567 (stamped) on mount.
- Photo in album compiled by U.S. Military Railway Dept.
- Title devised by Library staff.
- Forms part of Civil War photos, military construction and transportation in Northern Virginia and elsewhere / United States Military Railway Department (Library of Congress).
- Caption card tracings: Civil War Railroads Construction; Shelf.
- Title: VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST. – Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Martinsburg West Roundhouse, East End of Race & Martin Streets, Martinsburg, Berkeley County, WV
- Creator(s): Barrett, William Edmund, creator
- Date Created/Published: 1970
- Medium: 4 x 5 in.
- Reproduction Number: HAER WVA,2-MART,1A–2
- Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. (http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/114_habs.html)
- Call Number: HAER WVA,2-MART,1A–2
- Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Title: Martinsburg
Creator(s): Waud, Alfred R. (Alfred Rudolph), 1828-1891, artist
Date Created/Published: 1864 [ca. December 3]
Medium: 1 drawing on light green paper : pencil and Chinese white ; 23.5 x 32.7 cm (sheet).
Summary: Includes four scenes: Ruins of the depot; The Square; The Barricades; On the Opequan n. Martinsburg 64.
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-21187 (digital file from original item) LC-USZ62-15146 (b&w film copy neg.)
Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
Call Number: DRWG/US – Waud, no. 308 (A size) [P&P]
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Notes:
- Signed lower right: A.R. Waud.
- Title inscribed in center of images.
- Published in Harper’s Weekly, December 3, 1864, p. 981.
- Inscribed in the scene depicting The Square: Hoge’s house, Court House.
- Inscribed on photographer’s wagon, center left: likenesses/ [Taft & Sewall?]
- Gift, J.P. Morgan, 1919 (DLC/PP-1919:R1.2.308)
- Reference print available in the Civil War Drawings file A.
- Forms part of: Morgan collection of Civil War drawings.
Mason Locomotive 1860
Old Milwaukee Road.com. 15 May 2008 Web. 12 March 2012.
Troop train
Harper’s Weekly, November 7, 1863. Son of the South.net. Start date unavailable Web 10 April 2012.
“This photograph shows what happens when an ammunition train goes BOOM! George Bernard saw the results when he photographed the remains of CSA General Hood’s 28-car ammunition train, which Hood’s retreating army burned after loosing Atlanta to Sherman, September 1864″. Listserve – Top 20 Civil War Photographs. 14 June 2009 Web. 1 April 2012. Also. The Library of Congress.
Brunswick, MD Train Station
National Park Service. 22 April 1997 Web. 10 January 2012.
Relay House, MD 1858 (commentary by Jeff Lang)
Relay House, MD early 21st century (commentary by Jeff Lang)
Relay House, 1861 (commentary by Jeff Lang)
Bouquet’s battery from Harper’s overlooking Relay House (commentary by Jeff Lang) Courtesy Jeff Lang, The Thomas Viaduct Railway Bridge & Relay, Maryland. spring, 2011 Web. 17 April 2012.
Drawing of Point of Rocks
Mayer, Brantz. (April, 1857). “June Jaunt.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Vol. 14, Issue: 83. April, 1857. pp. 592-612. Print.
Mayer, Brantz. (April, 1857). “June Jaunt.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. 7 May 2008. Web. 20 Oct. 2010.
Learn NC.org. 28 June 2010 Web. 12 April 2012.
Crippled train in Richmond
Legends of America. 19 June 2010 Web. 10 April 2012.
Map of the routes examined and surveyed for the Winchester and Potomac Rail Road, State of Virginia, under the direction of Capt. J. D. Graham, U.S. Top. Eng., 1831 and 1832; surveyed by Lts. A. D. Mackay and E. French, 1st Arty., assistants in 1831, and Lts. E. French and J. F. Izard, assistants in 1832; drawn from the original plot by Lt. Humphreys, 2d Artillery.
William_S._Harney
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
List_of_American_Civil_War_generals#Confederate-H
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
Kenton_Harper
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
John_D._Imboden
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
Benjamin_Franklin_Butler
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
John_W._Garrett
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
Harper’s_Ferry_Railway
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
David_Hunter_Strother
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
Joseph_E._Johnston
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
Lew_Wallace
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
Robert_Patterson
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
George_B._McClellan
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
Drawing of Colonnade viaduct
Strother, David H., “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 33, Issue: 194, July, 1866. pp. 145-146. Print.
Strother, David H. (July, 1866). “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s Magazine. 7 May 2008. Web. 20 Oct. 2010.
Camelback_locomotive
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
Centipede_4-8-0 locomotive
Wikipedia English. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 January 2012.
Weidenbach paintings of Harper’s Ferry
New York Public Library Digital Gallery. 5 April 2005 Web. 2 April, 2012
grasshopper locomotives
HowStuffWorks.com. 4 April 2008 Web. 1 April 2012.
Hamilton, L. M.; Earthworks on Camp Hill, Guarding the Road to Charlestown, Va. – Charles Town photos
West Virginia Historical Photograph Collection. 9 October 2010 Web. 10 April 2012