With support from American Public University System (apus.edu). The sentiments expressed do not in any way reflect modern-day policies of APUS, and are intended to encourage fact-based exchange for a better understanding of our nation’s foundational values.
BEGIN CHAPTER 8 OR STORY (OUT OF 25) – The Enslaved Person’s Byword by Jim Surkamp.
Owning other human beings for Grandma Jane was distressing.
The Enslaved person’s byword You COULD escape north and NEVER wanted to be sold south.
Escaping from the enslavers was quite doable in Jefferson County before the Civil War.
You just had to get across at night the Shenandoah River with the help of Goins, a free African American ferry boat man taking people over to the famed Shannondale Springs resort, known as a hotbed of abolitionist leanings.
You started near to the resort at the freed African-American community called Bushy Ridge, then on to Chambersburg Pa. or on to Chatham Ontario – hiding by day and traveling especially on the moonless nights
In fact, in the months after the John Brown Raid in October, 1859, over six hundred enslaved persons DID escape from mostly the southeastern part of the County, according to the U.S Census Slave Schedules reported the following August in 1860. No other County in the area reported any such escapes in that year’s Census form. Even two of John Brown’s raiders, one Osborn Anderson wrote about taking successfully a similar route to Chambersburg.
The raid, one could surmise, panicked the enslavers here and many began hiring off their human property south or selling them South. Breaking up a family at auction, was an intense fear, something Jane Charlotte Washington would not do.
While these Mount Vernon Washingtons never repudiated slavery outright, much to the imagined dismay of their great and far-sighted ancestor, Jane Charlotte Washington and her two sisters regularly freed some people, tried to educate as many as possible and used all their influence and considerable resources to protect and keep families in tact.
References:
Anderson, Osborne. (1861). “A Voice from Harper’s Ferry: A Narrative of Events at Harper’s Ferry; with Incidents Prior and Subsequent to its Capture by Captain Brown and His Men.” Boston MA: self-published. https://archive.org/details/voicefromharpers01ande
Ellen Brooks – Annie Marmion (1959). Under Fire An Experience in the Civil War. edited and compiled by William Vincent Marmion Jr.
Surkamp, Jim (2011). “POST: Free, Black Families in Jefferson County, Va. Towns” civilwarscholars.com 21 June 2011 Web 10 June 2017.
Surkamp, Jim (2011) “POST: 602 Enslaved Counted in 1860 as “Escaped.” (698 words). civilwarscholars.com 21 June 2011 Web 10 June 2017.
Thompson, Michael D. (1984). ”Calendar and Index to Recorded Survey Plats in Jefferson County, West Virginia (Virginia) Courthouse, 1801-1901.” Charles town, WV: Jefferson County Historical Society. p. 166.
United States. Bureau of the Census; United States. National Archives and Records Service. (1967). Population schedules of the eighth census of the United States, 1860, Virginia [microform] – Volume Reel 1392 – 1860 Virginia Federal Population Census Schedules Slave – Henrico, James City, Jefferson, Kanawha, King George, King and Queen, and King William Counties. Publisher Washington D.C.: Gov’t Printing Office. Jefferson county, Virginia. archive.org 26 January 1997 Web. 20 January 2014. p. 299 http://www.archive.org/stream/populationschedu1392unix#page/n298/mode/1up
Image Credits: (includes images from the video in sequence as they appear in the video)
1. Chapter 8: FINAL 2. The Enslaved Person’s Byword FINAL 3. Harmonica by Dave Hellyer FINAL
CREDIT: Map of Jefferson County, Virginia; Summary: Shows Jefferson County before the formation of West Virginia in 1863. Contributor Name: Brown, S. Howell. Created / Published: [S.l., s.n.,] 1852. https://www.loc.gov/item/2005625308/
photo of Shannondale Springs ferry boatman circa 1894 civilwarscholars.com 9 June 2011 Web. 20 December 2016.
22.5
Map 1860 Compiled from “The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom” by Wilbur H. Siebert, The Macmillan Company, 1898.[1] wikipedia.org 27 July 2001 Web. 20 December 2016.
23.
23.1
Reference: Bushy Ridge Plats No.25, 380, 395 Thompson, Michael D. (1984). ”Calendar and Index to Recorded Survey Plats in Jefferson County, West Virginia (Virginia) Courthouse, 1801-1901.” Charles town, WV: Jefferson County Historical Society. p. 166.
24.1 In fact, in the months after the John Brown Raid in October, 1859,
24.2 Bushy Ridge was a stop on the Underground Railroad that led North to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania and was similar to the route taken by one of John Brown’s raiders, Osborn Anderson, who lived to write about his escape.
CREDIT: Osborn Perry Anderson wikipedia.org 27 July 2001 Web. 1 October 2016.
24.3 No adjacent Virginia counties reported such great numbers in escapees as the number reported to the to the U.S. Census-taker in Jefferson County as of the summer of 1860.
NOTE: Should read: “Nearly 600 enslaved persons”
CREDIT:
1860 Census – “Population schedules of the eighth census of the United States, 1860, Virginia [microform] (Volume Reel 1355 – 1860 Virginia Federal Population Census Schedules – James City and Jefferson Counties).” Beginning page Jefferson County.
United States. Bureau of the Census; United States. National Archives and Records Service. (1967). Population schedules of the eighth census of the United States, 1860, Virginia [microform] – Volume Reel 1392 – 1860 Virginia Federal Population Census Schedules Slave – Henrico, James City, Jefferson, Kanawha, King George, King and Queen, and King William Counties. Publisher Washington D.C.: Gov’t Printing Office. Jefferson county, Virginia. archive.org 26 January 1997 Web. 20 January 2014. p. 14. http://www.archive.org/stream/populationschedu1392unix#page/n310/mode/1up
CREDIT: Slaves Waiting for Sale by Eyre Crowe, an English painter who arrived in Richmond, March 1853, blog.encyclopediavirginia.org 30 March 2008 Web. 20 January 2017.
28.3
CREDIT: A Visit from the Old Mistress Winslow Homer – 1876 the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 20 December 2016.
29.
CREDIT: Montage: The Washington Family, Apple Maps, mountvernon.org
29.1
CREDIT: Jean-Antoine Houdon · Bust of George Washington mountvernon.org 11 November 1996 Web. 1 October 2016.
30. Jane Charlotte Washington and her two sisters, Christian Blackburn and Anna Maria Blackburn Washington, regularly bought the freedom for some people, tried to educate as many as possible and used their influence to keep families in tact.
CREDIT: A Visit from the Old Mistress Winslow Homer – 1876 the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 20 December 2016.
30.1
CREDIT: A Visit from the Old Mistress Winslow Homer – 1876 the-athenaeum.org 23 May 2002 Web. 20 December 2016.
CREDIT: Title: Life of George Washington–The farmer / painted by Stearns ; lith. by Régnier, imp. Lemercier, Paris. loc.gov 16 June 1997 Web. 20 September 2016.
Click Here to see and explore the original civilwarscholars.com website as it appeared under the auspices of American Public University System and created by Jim Surkamp
Posts were made regularly between June, 2011 thru May 29, 2021, totaling over one million words of sourced content with over 20,000 illustrations. The illustrations can also be found at Jim Surkamp’s location at Flickr as stories and also on the Jim Surkamp channel on youtube with over 500 videos. Additions to the current site will be only occasional and not pursued as much because of a shift in interests of Jim Surkamp to a broader range of historical subjects. Enjoy – Jim
With support from American Public University System (apus.edu). The sentiments expressed do not in any way reflect modern-day policies of APUS, and are intended to encourage fact-based exchange for a better understanding of our nation’s foundational values.
D.H. Strother Harper’s New Monthly Magazine (August 1855) Title: Virginia Illustrated [pp. 289-311] hathitrust.org p. 289 – Tim Longbow
Records show that in the darker recesses of Jefferson County, cruelties were quietly administered by some.
Norman McDonald https://justjefferson.com/16Day.htm ; US Census 1860 Virginia Jefferson Shepherdstown Page 28 fold3.com https://www.fold3.com/image/75222890/?terms=robert%20Lucas
Tape recorded interview with Norman McDonald who descended from a grandmother who witnessed the acts. (justjefferson.com)
Reading the Scriptures by Thomas Waterman Wood – 1874 metmuseum.org
Or the old man at the poor farm on Leetown Road in the 1930s with but one hand, the other cut off by a half-mad overseer who thought it worthy punishment for – “lying.”
Tape recorded interview with Jim Surkamp describing her family history. (justjefferson.com)
Or Bertha Fox Jones’ recorded account of her ancestor, Mary Fox at the Bower who was last seen being whipped in an open wagon that drove away for refusing to be a brood woman.
Drew Benjamin. (1856). “A North-side View of Slavery: The Refugee: Or, The Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada” archive.org pp. 52-54 – George Johnson’s accounting
George Johnson who was raised in Harper’s Ferry and later escaped and established a home in Chatham, Ontario, wrote:
“I was raised near Harper’s Ferry. I was used as well as the people about there are used.
Strother, David Hunter; Baltimore 1845. (W1995.030.388pg18) Home page of David Hunter Strother drawings at West Virginia University Library web.archive.org
“My master used to pray in his family with the house servants, morning and evening. I attended these services until I was eighteen, when I was put out on the farm, and lived in a cabin.
The Pumpkin Patch by Winslow Homer – 1878 Arkell Museum in Canajoharie, New York commons.wikimedia.org
“We were well supplied with food. We went to work at sunrise, and quit work between sundown and dark. Some were sold from my master’s farm, and many from the neighborhood. If a man did any thing out of the way, he was in more danger of being sold than of being whipped. The slaves were always afraid of being sold South. The Southern masters were believed to be much worse than those about us. I had a great wish for liberty when I was a boy. I always had it in my head to clear.”
He went on: “Whipping and slashing are bad enough, but selling children from their mothers and husbands from their wives is worse. At one time I wanted to marry a young woman, not on the same farm. I was then sent to Alabama, to one of my masters’ sons for two years. When the girl died, I was sent for to come back. I liked the work, the tending of cotton, better than the work on the farm in Virginia,–but there was so much whipping in Alabama, that I was glad to get back.”
References:
GEORGE JOHNSON – pp. 52-54.
I arrived in St. Catharine’s about two hours ago. [April 17, 1855]
I was raised near Harper’s Ferry. I was used as well as the people about there are used. My master used to pray in his family with the house servants, morning and evening. I attended these services until I was eighteen, when I was put out on the farm, and lived in a cabin. We were well supplied with food. We went to work at sunrise, and quit work between sundown and dark. Some were sold from my master’s farm, and many from the neighborhood. If a man did any thing out of the way, he was in more danger of being sold than of being whipped. The slaves were always afraid of being sold South. The Southern masters were believed to be much worse than those about us. I had a great wish for liberty when I was a boy. I always had it in my head to clear. But I had a wife and children. However, my wife died last year of cholera, and then I determined not to remain in that country.
When my old master died, I fell to his son. I had no difficulty with him, but was influenced merely by a love of liberty. I felt disagreeably about leaving my friends, — but I knew I might have to leave them by going South. There was a fellow-servant of mine named Thomas. My master gave him a letter one day, to carry to a soul-driver. Thomas got a man to read it, who told him he was sold. Thomas then got a free man to carry the letter. They handcuffed , the free man, and put him in jail. Thomas, when he saw them take the free man, dodged into the bush. He came to us. We made up a purse, and sent him on his way. Next day, the man who had carried the letter, sent for his friends and got out. The master denied to us that he intended to sell Thomas. He did not get the money for him. Thomas afterward wrote a letter from Toronto to his friend.
I prepared myself by getting cakes, etc., and on a Saturday night in March, I and two comrades started off together. They were younger than I. We traveled by night and slept by day until we reached Pittsburgh. When we had got through the town, I left the two boys, and told them not to leave while I went back to a grocery for food. When I returned, they were gone, — I do not know their fate. I stopped in that neighborhood two nights, trying to find them — I did not dare to inquire for them. The second night, I made up my mind to ask after them, but my heart failed me. I am of opinion that they got to Canada, as they knew the route. At length I was obliged to come off without them.
I think that slavery is not the best condition for the the refugee; or a black. Whipping and slashing are bad enough, but selling children from their mothers and husbands from their wives is worse. At one time I wanted to marry a young woman, not on the same farm. I was then sent to Alabama, to one of my master’s sons for two years. “When the girl died, I was sent for to come back. I liked the work, the tending of cotton, better than the work on the farm in Virginia, — but there was so much whipping in Alabama, that I was glad to get back. One man there, on another farm, was tied up and received five hundred and fifty lashes for striking the overseer. His back was awfully cut up. His wife took care of him. Two months after, I saw him lying on his face, unable to turn over or help himself. The master seemed ashamed of this, and told the man that if he got well, he might go where he liked. My master told me he said so, and the man told me so himself. Whether he ever got well, I do not know: the time when I saw him, was just before I went back to Virginia.
Drew Benjamin. (1856). “A North-side View of Slavery: The Refugee: Or, The Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada …” archive.org pp. 52-54 – George Johnson’s account https://archive.org/details/northsideviewofs00drew/page/52/mode/2up
Other escape accounts from Benjamin Drew’s book of interviews with persons from Jefferson County
WILLIAM GROSE: pp. 82-87
I was held as a slave at Harper’s Ferry, Va. When I was twenty-five years old, my two brothers who were twelve miles out, were sent for to the ferry, so as to catch us all three together, which they did. We were then taken to Baltimore to be sold down south. The reason was, that I had a free wife in Virginia, and they were afraid we would get away through her means. My wife and two children were then keeping boarders; I was well used, and we were doing well. All at once, on Sunday morning, a man came to my house before I was up, and called me to go to his store to help put up some goods. My wife suspected it was a trap: but I started to go. When I came in sight of him, my heart failed me; I sent him word I could not come.
On inquiry in a certain quarter, I was told that I was sold, and was advised to make my escape into Pennsylvania. (83) I then went to my owner’s, twelve miles, and remained there three days, they telling me I was not sold. The two brothers were all this time in jail, but I did not then know it. I was sent to the mill to get some offal— then two men came in, grabbed me and handcuffed me, and took me off. How I felt that day I cannot tell. I had never been more than twenty miles from home, and now I was taken away from my mother and wife and children. About four miles from the mill, I met my wife in the road coming to bring me some clean clothes. She met me as I was on horseback, handcuffed. She thought I was on the farm, and was surprised to see me. They let me get down to walk and talk with her until we came to the jail: then they put me in, and kept her outside. She had then eight miles to go on foot, to get clothes ready for me to take along. I was so crazy, I don’t know what my wife said. I was beside myself to think of going south. I was as afraid of traders as I would be of a bear. This was Tuesday.
The man who had bought us came early Wednesday morning, but the jailer would not let us out, he hoping to make a bargain with somebody else, and induce our owners to withdraw the bond from the man that had us. Upon this, the trader and jailer got into a quarrel, and the trader produced a pistol, which the jailer and his brother took away from him. After some time, the jailer let us out. We were handcuffed together: I was in the middle, a hand of each brother fastened to mine. We walked thus to Harper’s Ferry: there my wife met me with some clothes. She said but little; she was in grief and crying. The two men with us told her they would get us a good home. We went by the cars to (84) the Baltimore — remained fifteen days in jail. Then we were separated, myself and one brother going to New Orleans, and the other remained in B. Him I have not seen since, but have heard that he was taken to Georgia. There were about seventy of us, men, women, and children shipped to New Orleans. Nothing especial occurred except on one occasion, when, after some thick weather, the ship came near an English island, the captain then hurried us all below and closed the hatches. After passing the island, we had liberty to come up again.
We waited on our owners awhile in New Orleans, and after four months, my brother and I were sold together as house servants in the city, to an old widower, who would not have a white face about him. He had a colored woman for a wife — she being a slave. He had had several wives whom he had set free when he got tired of them. This woman came for us to the yard, — then we went before him. He sent for a woman, who came in, and said he to me, ” That is your wife. I was scared half to death, for I had one wife whom I liked, and didn’t want another, — but I said nothing. He assigned one to my brother in the same way. There was no ceremony about it — he said ” Cynthia is your wife, and Ellen is John’s.” As we were not acclimated, he sent us into Alabama to a watering-place, where we remained three months till late in the fall — then we went back to him. I was hired out one month in a gambling saloon, where I had two meals a day and slept on a table ; then for nine months to an American family, where I got along very well; then to a man who had been mate of a steamboat, and whom I could not please.
After I (85) had been in New Orleans a year, my wife came on and was employed in the same place, (in the American family). One oppression there was, my wife did not dare let it be known she was from Virginia, through fear of being sold. When my master found out that I had a free-woman for a wife there, he was angry about it, and began to grumble. Then she went to a lawyer to get a certificate by which she could remain there. He would get one for a hundred dollars, which was more than she was able to pay: so she did not get the certificate, but promised to take one by-and-by. His hoping to get the money kept him from troubling her, — and before the time came for her taking it, she left for a distant place. He was mad about it, and told me that if she ever came there again, he’d put her to so much trouble that she would wish she had paid the hundred dollars and got the certificate. This did not disturb me, as I knew she would not come back any more.
After my wife was gone, I felt very uneasy. At length, I picked up spunk, and said I would start. All this time, I dreamed on nights that I was getting clear. This put the notion into my head to start — a dream that I had reached a free soil and was perfectly safe. Sometimes I felt as if I would get clear, and again as if I would not. I had many doubts. I said to myself — I recollect it well, — I can’t die but once ; if they catch me, they can but kill me: I’ll defend myself as far as I can. I armed myself with an old razor, and made a start alone, telling no one, not even my brother. All the way along, I felt a dread — a heavy load on me all the way. I would look up at the telegraph wire, and dread that the news was going on ahead of me. At one time I was on a canal-boat — it did not seem to go (86) fast enough for me, and I felt very much cast down about it ; at last I came to a place where the telegraph wire was broken, and I felt as if the heavy load was rolled off me, I intended to stay in my native country,— but I saw so many mean-looking men, that I did not dare to stay. I found a friend who helped me on the way to Canada, which I reached in 1851.
I served twenty-five years in slavery, and about five I have been free. I feel now like a man, while before I felt more as though I were but a brute. When in the United States, if a white man spoke to me, I would feel frightened, whether I were in the right or wrong; but now it is quite a different thing, — if a white man speaks to me, I can look him right in the eyes — if he were to insult me, I could give him an answer. I have the rights and privileges of any other man. I am now living with my wife and children, and doing very well. When I lie down at night, I do not feel afraid of over-sleeping, so that my employer might jump on me if he pleased. I am a true British subject, and I have a vote every year as much as any other man. I often used to wonder in the United States, when I saw carriages going round for voters, why they never asked me to vote. But I have since found out the reason, — I know they were using my vote instead of my using it — now I use it myself. Now I feel like a man, and I wish to God that all my fellow-creatures could feel the same freedom that I feel. I am not prejudiced against all the white race in the United States, — it is only the portion that sustain the cursed laws of slavery.
Here ‘s something I want to say to the colored people in the United States: You think you are free there, but you are very much mistaken: if you wish to be free men, I hope you will all come to Canada as soon (87) as possible. There is plenty of land here, and schools to educate your children. I have no education myself, but I don’t intend to let my children come up as I did. I have but two, and instead of making servants out of them, I’ll give them a good education, which I could not do in the southern portion of the United States. True, they were not slaves there, but I could not have given them any education.
I have been through both Upper and Lower Canada, and I have found the colored people keeping stores, farming, etc., and doing well. I have made more money since I came here, than I made in the United States. I know several colored people who have become wealthy by industry — owning horses and carriages, — one who was a fellow-servant of mine, now owns two span of horses, and two as fine carriages as there are on the bank. As a general thing, the colored people are more sober and industrious than in the States: there they feel when they have money, that they cannot make what use they would like of it, they are so kept down, so looked down upon. Here they have something to do with their money, and put it to a good purpose.
I am employed in the Clifton House, at the Falls. Drew, pp. 82-87. https://archive.org/details/northsideviewofs00drew/page/82/mode/2up
Adams, Julia D. (1990). “Between the Shenandoah and the Potomac: Historic Homes of Jefferson County, West Virginia.” Charles Town, West Virginia: The Jefferson County Historical Society, p. 121.
Robert Lucas entry US Census 1860 Virginia Jefferson Shepherdstown Page 28 – fold3.com https://www.fold3.com/image/75222890/?terms=robert%20Lucas
Julia S. Blickenstaff; Carmen Creamer; Don Wood; Beverley Grove; Galtjo Geertsema (December 13, 1994) “National Register of Historic Places Nomination: Jefferson County Alms House” (pdf). National Park Service.
With support from American Public University System (apus.edu). The sentiments expressed do not in any way reflect modern-day policies of APUS, and are intended to encourage fact-based exchange for a better understanding of our nation’s foundational values.
The family’s written records show Eliza was the daughter of Harry Gray and Phanny (Fanny) Mitchell.
A Visit from the Old Mistress by Winslow Homer – 1876 Smithsonian American Art Museum americanart.si.edu
Jasper was born at a location that Jasper himself simply called, in his official enlistment form for the United States Colored Troops later on – as “Harper’s Ferry.”
Strother, David Hunter; Untitled (W1995.030.390pg13a).jpg West Virginia and Regional History Collection
Jasper Thompson USCT 23rd infantry regiment service record, p. 18 fold3.com (requires account)
Researching the lives of the enslaved is hard – because only first names are in most records and no courthouse death records in Jefferson County existed there for before 1853.
Image of page 2 of Jane Charlotte’s Washington’s Will JCBW Will Book 14 Page 342 9/17/1855 (Search “Jane C. Washington”) – ancestry.com ; detail from “Mrs. J.A.W.” by John Gadsby Chapman – donated by Anne and Patty Washington to the George Washington Masonic Memorial Association. – archives.mountvernon.org ; detail from The Veteran in a New Field by Winslow Homer – 1865 metmuseum.org ; Head of a Negro Boy by Alice Pike Barney – Date unknown Smithsonian American Art Museum americanart.si.eduCORRECTION: Head of a Negro Boy by Alice Pike Barney – https://en.wahooart.com/@@/8XXFMD-Alice-Pike-Barney-Head-of-a-Negro-Boy
But Jasper Thompson may have well been the (quote) negro boy named Jasper (end quote) that Jane Charlotte Washington, then the owner of Mount Vernon, cited in her will and gave, in the parlance of the time, to the son of her prematurely deceased eldest daughter, Anna Maria Tomasina Alexander.
Anna Maria had married Doctor William F. Alexander and they began making house and making farm.
Walnut Hill, Halltown, Jefferson County, WV Creator(s): Historic American Buildings Survey, creator Date Created/Published: Documentation compiled after 1933 loc.gov
The couple began making house, renting a small structure from John Humphreys just east of Charles Town off the Harper’s Ferry Road, called Walnut Hill.
Apple Maps
References:
1. Jasper Thompson USCT 23rd infantry regiment service record,p. 18 fold3.com 16 September 2011 Web. 20 October 2016.
2. Video of Monique Crippen Hopkins – April, 2016 – Perry Room, Charles Town Library, Charles Town, West Virginia
3. Jefferson County Clerk Deed Room, Charles Town, WV.
ID 57780 Washington, Jane C. 9/17/1855 Jefferson County, WV, Will Book 14 Pages 341-345 Jefferson County VA/WV Index to Wills, Vol. 1, 1801 – 1970 Page 341, View Pages 342-343, View Pages 344-345
4. Allen, John C. (2011). “Uncommon Vernacular: The Early Houses of Jefferson County, West Virginia 1735-1835.” Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University Press. pp. 228 & 324.
5. John C. Allen email – January 5, 2016. (Mr. Allen is the author of “Uncommon Vernacular,” a book on structures in Jefferson County, Va. prior to the advent of the railroad).
On Tue, Jan 5, 2016 at 6:07 PM, John Allen wrote: Jim, My estimate of the construction date of the main part of Walnut Hill is ca. 1845. This main block is the front section shown in the HABS photo in my book (pg. 324). Here’s why I called it the Humphreys-Alexander House:
In 1820, the property’s owner, Thomas Wilson, was assessed as having $100 in buildings. That’s a very modest building, probably a one- or two-room cabin. In 1825 when the property passed to John Humphreys the assessment was $110 – no change, just inflation.
In 1827 the assessment rose to $1000 for “new wing on old house.” That new wing is the back wing of the current house. it was not a house, just a wing. Two years later his assessment rose by $300 for “new stone kitchen”. This is the back addition to the aforementioned wing. There is a clear photo of these two sections in the second HABS photo of the building (at Library of Congress website, not in my book). Still, these were service wings to a main house.
In 1839, the property was sold to W.F. Alexander. In 1841, Alexander’s building assessment dropped from $1,410 to $1,200. This drop reflects the demolition of the original house, while the newer wing and it’s kitchen addition remained. In 1850 Alexander’s assessment rose to $2,000 showing that the front section (again pictured in the book) had been completed. This main section of the house is a very substantial, stone central-hall house with very nice interior detailing of that 1850 period. So, that’s my take on the house. The back is Humphreys and the front is Alexander.
With support from American Public University System (apus.edu). The sentiments expressed do not in any way reflect modern-day policies of APUS, and are intended to encourage fact-based exchange for a better understanding of our nation’s foundational values.
1850 Poor Richard’s Almanac – archive.org ; Horse Drawn Carts in Winter by Fritz Thaulow – cutlermiles.com
JANUARY – Cooking
Strother, David H., Harper’s (Dec., 1854) p. 7; 1850 Poor Richard’s Almanac – archive.org
JANUARY – Making shoes and boots
A conservative philosopher (boot man) by Strother, David H., Harper’s (Jan., 1856) hathitrust.org p. 178 ; Mr. Jones’s legacy (worn out pair of boots) by A Virginian. Harper’s, December, 1853 hathitrust.org p. 31; Shining Shoes by Thomas Waterman Wood paintingstar.com ; slave shoes – Charles F. Gunther Collection, 1920.1734ab Collection: Chicago History Museum collections.carli.illinois.edu
Ryan Hagerty from the National Digital Library of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mockingbird wikipedia.org
APRIL – Plowing corn ground
Frank Leslie’s Illustrated newspaper Plowing in South Carolina From a Sketch by Jas E. Taylor. Illus. in: Frank Leslie’s illustrated newspaper, v. 23, no. 577 (1866 October 20). loc.gov
MAY – Planting corn
The Iowa Agriculturalist for the Farm, Garden & Household – uni.edu
MAY – Washing Sheep& Shearing Sheep
Washing and Shearing Sheep in the Country sketches by Edwin Forbes July 18, Harper’s Weekly 1868, printsoldandrare.com p. 461
JUNE – Altering Lambs
The Keeper of the Herd by Jean-François Millet – The Art Institute of Chicago – artic.edu
JUNE – Hoeing Corn
A Southern Cornfield, Nashville, Tennessee Thomas Waterman Wood – 1861 – oceansbridge.com
JULY – Cutting and Cradling Hay
Cradle scythe used for harvesting grain – Mississippi History Timeline mdah.ms.gov ; The Iowa Agriculturalist for the Farm, Garden & Household uni.edu
JULY – Nooning
Farmers Nooning by William Sidney Mount – 1836 Long Island Museum (United States – Stony Brook, Long Island, New York) artsandculture.google.com
AUGUST – Hauling & stacking wheat
Culpepper [i.e., Culpeper], Va.–Stacking wheat by Edwin Forbes – loc.gov
AUGUST – Shucking Corn
Corn Husking by Eastman Johnson – 1860 Everson Museum of Art – Syracuse, NY – commons.wikimedia.org
SEPTEMBER – At Market
Charleston Vegetable Woman by William Aiken Walker – Date unknown – wikioo.org
SEPTEMBER – Cutting & Collecting Wood
Currier_Ives_chopping_wood_Matte_detail – Louis Maurer, Preparing for Market, 1856. Hand-colored lithograph, (22 5/8 x 31 1/8 in). Published by N. Currier, New York. commons.wikimedia.org ; Strother, David H., Harper’s July, 1866 hathitrust.org p. 139
OCTOBER – Sowing Red Clover
The Sower by Jean-François Millet – 1850 Museum of Fine Arts (MFA), Boston, MA wikiart.org
Strother, David Hunter; Catching Hogs (W1995.030.004) – 1872 West Virginia and Regional History Collection; Smoked Ham at the Bonnie Crest Inn, North Carolina by William Aiken Walker – 1886 – wahooart.com
DECEMBER – Making warm clothes from linsey-woolsey
“JENNY . . .A GOOD SPINSTER” – inthewordsofwomen.com ; Strother, David H., Harper’s (Aug., 1856) hathitrust.org – p. 309 ; Strother, David Hunter; Lock’s Old Stephen. 1845. Martinsburg Va. (W1995.030.391pg19) West Virginia and Regional History Collection
References:
Aglionby, Charles. “The Day Book Kept By Charles Aglionby at Mount Pleasant, Charles Town, Jefferson County, Virginia.” 6 March, 1861 to 1 January, 1866.” Transcribed by Francis John Aglionby (1932-2002). With permission from Julia Aglionby. (Available at the Jefferson County Museum, Charles Town, WV). Print.
With support from American Public University System (apus.edu). The sentiments expressed do not in any way reflect modern-day policies of APUS, and are intended to encourage fact-based exchange for a better understanding of our nation’s foundational values.
Man Turning Over the Soil – Jean-François Millet – circa 1847-1850 – mfa.orgDolly Irvin Thompson – courtesy Monique Crippen-Hopkins
Walnut Hill, Halltown, Jefferson County, WV Creator(s): Historic American Buildings Survey, creator Date Created/Published: Documentation compiled after 1933 loc.gov
Dr. William F. Alexander (1841-1880) owner of Walnut Hill – courtesy Betsy Wells
Three of William F. Alexander and the late Anna Maria Thomasina Blackburn Washington Alexander’s children died of tb before the Civil War: Louise Fontaine Alexander (1837 – 1839) – Wilson Cary Selden Alexander (1836 – 1859) – and John Augustine Alexander died in 1854, when he was just fifteen.
Regional History Center; John Brown hanged unmasked – Strother, David Hunter; Untitled (W1995.030.394pg31a) West Virginia and Regional History Center; “Execution of John Brown” by David Hunter Strother December 2nd, 1859 – loc.gov ; John Brown wrote his last prophecy on December 2 of 1859 – wikipedia.org; John Brown hanging site today – The Jefferson County Convention & Visitors Center
On December 2nd 1859, Jasper’s future wife and life partner – Dolly – about a mile from the Walnut Hill farm on Samuel Street in Charlestown – witnessed the history-sundering hanging of the warrior against slavery – John Brown.
My first person I’ll probably go to is Dolly because my grandmother – that’s first-hand knowledge – my grandmother, Marie, actually lived with her grandmother, Dolly (Barr) Irvin Thompson. Dolly Thompson – this story was passed down orally – was actually at the hanging of John Brown and my grandmother would tell this story time and time again. And whenever she told this story, it was like this glazed look on her face – like she could actually relive whatever her grandmother told her. Now it is interesting to me, (but) when I was younger, I really wish I’d paid attention. So Dolly was married to Jasper Thompson. Dolly’s an Irvin (pause) really, her last name was Barr she would say, but she had to take her mom’s name Irvin.
REFERENCES:
William F. Alexander and his children – findagrave.com
The Bee Line Chapter, National Society Daughters of the American Revolution. (1981) “Tombstone Inscriptions and Burial Lots.” Hagerstown, MD.: HBP. Inc. p. 353.
1850 U.S. Federal Census – Slave Schedules Jefferson Virginia District 28 for Jane Charlotte Washington (indicating two entries in which the enslaved person’s owner, gender and age correspond to those of Solomon Thompson and his son Jasper Thompson).
United States. Bureau of the Census; United States. National Archives and Records Service. (1964). “Population schedules of the seventh census of the United States, 1850, Virginia. [microform] (Volume Reel 0988 – 1850 Virginia Federal Population Census Slave Schedules – Hampshire, Hancock, Hanover, Hardy, Harrison, Henrico, Henry, Highland, Isle of Wight, Jackson, James City, and Jefferson Counties).” archive.org https://archive.org/details/populationschedu0988unix/page/n485/mode/1up?view=theater
Jane C. Washington 53 M B 50 M B 48 M B 41 M B 40 M B** age of Solomon Thompson (born 1810, according to death record and report of his son Jasper Thompson) 18 M B 18 M B 16 M B 10 M B 10 M B 6 M B** age of Jasper Thompson (born in 1844, using his age in the 1900 Census and his enlistment application) 5 M B 5 M B 5 M B 5? M B 3 M B 79 F B 75 F B 60 F B 54 F B 44 F B 37 F B 46 F B 24 F B 19 F B 22 F B 11 F B 8 F B 8 F B 4 F B 5 F B 7 F B (Idiot) 27 F B 3 mo F B
Dr. William F. Alexander
1860 U.S. Federal Census – Slave Schedules – Virginia – Jefferson p. 28 for Wm F. Alexander (indicating two entries in which the enslaved person’s owner, gender and age correspond to those of Jasper Thompson).
United States. Bureau of the Census; United States. National Archives and Records Service. (1967). “Population schedules of the eighth census of the United States, 1860, Virginia. [microform] (Volume Reel 1392 – 1860 Virginia Federal Population Census Schedules Slave – Henrico, James City, Jefferson, Kanawha, King George, King and Queen, and King William Counties).” ancestry.com (showing Census page) https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7668/images/vam653_1392-0326?treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=uVp1&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&pId=1145250
Male 15 Female 70 Male 65 Male 35 Male 30 Male 16** corresponds to Jasper’s age Male 16 Male 15 Female 15 Female 40 Female 35 Male 8 Male 6 Female 14 Female 12 Male 4 Female 2 Female 6 Female 4 Female 1 Female 30 Male 4 Male 3 Male 2 Male 6/12 Male 40 Female 65 Female 45
With support from American Public University System (apus.edu). The sentiments expressed do not in any way reflect modern-day policies of APUS, and are intended to encourage fact-based exchange for a better understanding of our nation’s foundational values.
John Brown hanged – Strother, David Hunter; John Brown (W1995.030.394pg20b) – West Virginia and Regional History Center; John Brown hanged unmasked – Strother, David Hunter; Untitled (W1995.030.394pg31a) West Virginia and Regional History Center; “Execution of John Brown” by David Hunter Strother December 2nd, 1859 – loc.gov ; John Brown wrote his last prophecy on December 2 of 1859 – wikipedia.org; John Brown hanging site today – The Jefferson County Convention & Visitors Center
Not very far away in December, 1859, Jasper’s future wife and life partner – Dolly – standing about a mile from the Walnut Hill farm, where she usually lived, and witnessing on Samuel Street in Charlestown, the history-sundering hanging of the warrior against slavery – John Brown.
Family historian Monique Crippen-Hopkins: My first person I’ll probably go to is Dolly because my grandmother – that’s first-hand knowledge – my grandmother Marie actually lived with her grandmother Dolly Irvin Thompson.
Dolly Thompson – this story was passed down orally – was actually at the hanging of John Brown and my grandmother would tell this story time and time again. And whenever she told this story it was like this glazed look on her face – like she could actually relive whatever her grandmother told her. Now it is interesting to me, (but) when I was younger, I really wish I’d paid attention. So Dolly was married to Jasper Thompson. Dolly’s an Irvin (pause) really, her last name was Barr she would say, but she had to take her mom’s name Irvin.
Earth-shaking blows land at the doorsteps of Charlestown, Va.
Shields Green, one of John Brown’s Negroes going to Execution (W1995.030.394pg24b) by David Hunter Strother West Virginia and Regional History Collection; John A. Copeland – Boyd B. Stutler Collection – wvculture.org ; John E. Cook – Boyd B. Stutler Collection – wvculture.org ; John A. Copeland – Boyd B. Stutler Collection – wvculture.org
Howell Brown Jefferson County, Virginia Map 1852 – loc.gov ; Aaron Stevens – Boyd B. Stutler Collection – wvculture.org ; Albert Hazlett – Boyd B. Stutler Collection – wvculture.org
Jim Surkamp
Six other raiders are hanged.
The Richmond Convention on Secession where things fall apart – and, Sumter.
Richmond in Ruins, 1865, War Department: Office of the Chief Signal Officer wikipedia.org ; Confederate flag flying. Ft. Sumter after the evacuation of Maj. Anderson – interior view Creator(s): Pelot, Alma A., photographer; 1861 April 16. loc.gov
More than one historian has called the conclusion of the Virginia Secession convention on April 17th, 1861 as the most fateful moment in American history.
Minute-by-minute, the silent ones even, will say they are sad. Proud men bared their souls and emptied their hearts – shedding tears – because their world was ending – the United States. Existential sorrows hollowed solemn voices.
Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor, April 12 and 13, 1861 – Hand-colored lithograph, ca. 1861 – loc.gov ; Ordinance of Secession (Calligraphy Version) – Acc. 40586. State Government Records. Record Group 93, Library of Virginia. Virginia Memory, Library of Virginia edu.lva.virginia.gov ; E. Hergesheimer, Map of Virginia – Secession Vote. C. B. Graham, Lithographer (Washington, D.C.: Henry S. Graham, 1861), edu.lva.virginia.gov
Abraham Lincoln by Byers, 7 May 1858 – wikiquote.org
That day Confederate firing on Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor prompted President Lincoln to call up 75,000 volunteers – including Virginia.
With all delegates sworn to secrecy, the closed session Convention voted 88 to 55 to secede, pending affirmation by the populace in a May 23rd referendum.
Jefferson County’s delegate, Logan Osburn, voted “Nay.” Alfred Barbour was absent and was hurrying back to Harper’s Ferry, knowing a plan was afoot to capture the arsenal regardless of any future referendum.
courtesy the Harper’s Ferry National Historic Park
With support from American Public University System (apus.edu). The sentiments expressed do not in any way reflect modern-day policies of APUS, and are intended to encourage fact-based exchange for a better understanding of our nation’s foundational values.
Spring at the Barbizon Jean-François Millet – 1868 wikiart.org
Colonel James W. Allen, 2nd Virginia Infantry Regiment [portrait] Description Portrait of Confederate Army Col. James W. Allen, VMI Class of 1849, as he looked at the beginning of the Civil War. He was killed in battle at Gaines Mill on June 27, 1862. The original painting, by William D. Washington, is owned by VMI. [portrait date ca. 1869] Collection VMI Archives Photographs Collection Photo Number 0003850 digitalcollections.vmi.edu
Turner Ashby Handley Regional Library – Winchester, Va. Accession number: 26-169 wfchs Collection: John Walter Wayland Papers Description: Turner Ashby (1824-1862) in civilian dress, circa 1860. Reproduced on page 36 of Stonewall Jackson’s Way. Date: c 1860 handley.pastperfectonline.com
Topographic Map of Jefferson, Berkeley and Morgan Counties – wvgeohistory.org
The rendez-vous of the Virginians at Halltown, Virginia 5 PM on April 18m 1862 to march on Harper’s Ferry (sketched by D.H. Strother) Halltown Harpers Weekly May 11, 1861 p. 292. sonofthesouth.net
As they moved in the direction of Harper’s Ferry to capture the United States arsenal there with its muskets and equipment, they heard a roar and saw a huge glow from the little town in the ravine. The arsenal was preemptively blown up.
Harper’s Ferry, W. Va. View of town; railroad bridge in ruins] Summary: Photograph from the main eastern theater of the war, Battle of Antietam, September-October 1862. Contributor Names: Bostwick, C. O., photographer Created / Published Between 1860 and 1865] loc.gov
Harper’s Ferry by moonlight / G. Perkins ; R. Hinshelwood. Creator(s): Hinshelwood, Robert, 1812-, engraver loc.govRoger Jones wikipedia.org Lt. Jones, the armory’s commander, ordered its contents and the building destroyed by dynamite to prevent the attackers from getting the arms and equipment. They were able to salvage some very important, state-of-the-art-equipment. Harper’s Ferry National Historic Park (nps.gov)
“The great experiment which the pure and wise of all nations are watching with trembling solicitude and imperishable hope. It was something to belong to such a nationality. This was yesterday.
Augustus Mitchell. (1861). “Mitchell’s new general atlas containing maps of the various countries of the world, plans of cities, etc. Embraced in forty?seven quarto maps, forming a series of seventy?six maps and plans, together with valuable statistical tables.” Philadelphia : Published by S. Augustus Mitchell, Jr. archive.org p. 8 – Map of the United States and Territories.David Hunter Strother – The Library of Congress civilwar.org These comments by Strother appear in Strother, David H. “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 33, Issue: 193, June, 1866 hathitrust.org p. 16
“To-day, what am I? A citizen of Virginia. Virginia, a petty commonwealth with scarcely a million of white inhabitants. What could she ever hope to be but a worthless fragment of the broken vase? A fallen and splintered column of the once glorious temple. But I will not dwell longer on the humiliating contrast.
Strother, David Hunter; At Hancock Depot Aug 1st 1857 (W1995.030.387pg26c) West Virginia and Regional History Collection images.lib.wvu.edu
“Come harness up the buggy and let us get out of this or I shall suffocate. On our way to Charles Town we met great numbers of persons afoot, on horseback, and on wheels, hurrying to the scene of excitement.
Strother, David H. “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 33, Issue: 193, June, 1866. Print. p. 1 – knights and statue. (The Two-faced Shield)
“Some attracted simply by curiosity, others armed and demonstrative, eager to claim a share of the glory after the danger was over.”
Strother, David H., “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 34, Issue: 202, March, 1867. p. 448 – lowering the flag
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INTRODUCTION: How Virginia and Jefferson County were maneuvered into seceding against their voted wish in November, 1861 (1,003 words)
The most accurate description of the outbreak of the Civil War was that a cabal of some 400 powerful men across states where the vast majority couldn’t vote or have rights, engineered the secession process across the South immediately after Lincoln’s election. Lincoln’s position had always been – while he hated enslavement personally, he was bound by the Constitution to honor enslavement in those states where it already existed. Yet he made it clear that he would work tirelessly – “A divided house cannot stand,” he said – to insure that as the territories’ section each reached the minimum population to qualify it for statehood that he would use all the trends and tools at his disposal to see that the first citizens of those states would be so oriented in their beliefs that they would insist that the new state outlaw enslavement. Lincoln’s two great advantages was a power efficient railroad company in the Baltimore & Ohio that was carrying people from the East coast out to the territories. Immigration from Ireland especially and Europe – would be the most likely ones to go west from cities in the North that received them.
But this southern cabal saw that Lincoln’s election basically signaled that for the first time they longer would have “possession of the ball” in Congress or the White House, presaging a long steady decline in their power in the national government.
If you lived in Jefferson County, Va. farming was profitable and diverse requiring training those who labored whether they were enslaved or not. Demand for wheat in Europe and access from here to ports such as Baltimore to Europe built the many manor homes across the county.
There were cases of dreadful cruelty by individuals such as by Col. Robert Lucas, white owners who ran brooding operations meant to spin out enslaved infants that were seen as capital, carried on at the Bower (according to the late Bertha Fox Jones) and most likely at the biggest Halltown farming operation (according to Jim “Coach” Taylor about his ancestor William Payne).
Life was better here than in the deep South where according to George Johnson who of Harper’s Ferry who worked in the South a few years where he said whipping was much more prevalent and relentless where he worked in the deep South than here.
The great fear among those enslaved was 1. having your family broken up thru sales an occurrence most common when the younger generation took over the farm with the colder, more ambitious plans of the younger owner. In the case of the Bower, a generation of several Dandridges inherited farms and enslaved persons and most of them didn’t want to farm here, causing four such auctions over twenty years of dozens of persons each. The second fear being sold south. It was said that treatment was more cruel in the South, based on reports from those who lived here and were rented out to work there. For example George Johnson who grew up in Harper’s Ferry working for a farmer, who actually placed him and his siblings at his dinner table and shared the Bible with them – was rented after that man’s death, to work for two years in several deep South states by the son. George later wrote, that whipping was much more common there than here and witnessed a man who received two hundred lashes and was nearly killed, unable to lift himself from the ground.
A careful read of events as they unfolded in early 1861 shows Virginia was dead set against secession, having voted by a hair for John Bell the Presidential candidate of four who shared that view. Jefferson County went strongly for Bell.
As Virginia began its profoundly fateful secession convention in Richmond for weeks the delegates, including Jefferson County’s two delegates, held the majority against secession. But the cabal dispatched John S. Preston, a large land owner in South Carolina, to the Convention and argue for secession. He told friends: “Virginia will never secede. We have to make them.”
John Smith Preston of South Carolina who came personally to lobby the Virginia Secession Convention to vote to secede using defending slavery as his key argument – wikipedia.org
And they, along with the former Virginia governor, Henry Wise, waving a pistol in the convention and threats abounding against the secession opponents, South Carolinians fired the first shots of war at Fort Sumter. Historian Dennis Frye has said “had those first shots never been fired, Lincoln did not have the legal justification for sending reinforcements that began the war.” It was an act meant to MAKE Virginia secede. And then – Virginia voted to secede. And Virginians always knew that Virginia would be the primary place of fighting and destruction in such a war. The quiet anger in Virginians must have been seething.
Moreover the final vote was NOT to go immediately into war. That reality was deliberately run roughshod over, led by Wise, John Imboden, and Turner Ashby – to organize an assault on the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry underway even before the final vote occurred.
The vote, actually, was to Decide on whether or not to secede using the results of a statewide referendum on the matter a month from that day. The vote did in fact occur in Jefferson County with some 813 in favor of secession and a remarkable 365 still against – under the threat of being arrested for treason or having your home confiscated and
Rock Spring – Martin Billmyer House (also McQuilkins more recently) – 1831 – Shepherdstown vicinity – p.102 from John C. Allen Jr.’s “Uncommon Vernacular – The Early Houses of Jefferson County. West Virginia 1735-1835.” Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University Press.
ransacked as Turner Ashby did to the McQuilkins just west of Shepherdstown on Route 45. You were vulnerable to this because in the new nation your position was clear because voting was by voice vote and in public.
So Virginia and Jefferson County voted at the Convention in April for a referendum and the deceivers wanting secession cast it as a declaration of war by Virginia.
The many recruits for the Confederacy in Jefferson County – just as in the case of Robert E. Lee’s decision to go with the Confederacy was Lincoln’s call for thousands of recruits from Virginia to fight for the Union. That was when east Virginians realized they were more Virginians than Americans. But it was a treasonous act, especially by all the Wet Point trained Virginian’s who fought so well for the rebellion – Lee, Jackson, Hill. Stuart – who had taken a solemn vow upon graduation to uphold the Constitution. As for the many callow youth and young men who enlisted here to fight with Lee – many were rebelling initially against parents pleading with them not to – joined because you couldn’t turn a gun toward those you had known all your life. More than anything they sought adventure not knowing that war’s real name is always destruction.
Virginia was maneuvered against its better voted judgment to not secede by the calculated incident at Fort Sumter meant to force a war on Virginia. A great tragedy.
Battles and leaders of the civil war. Vol. 1 by Century Company; Johnson, Robert Underwood; Buel, Clarence Clough, New York: The Century Co. p.57
What was unforgivable was after the war and the Taliban-like treatment of persons of color in the South and its ninety-year systematic Counter-Revolution.
Battles and leaders of the civil war. Vol. 1 by Century Company; Johnson, Robert Underwood; Buel, Clarence Clough, New York: The Century Co. p. 84 – The Awkward Squad
“JOINING THE ARMY IN JEFFERSON COUNTY SPRING, 1861″:
Being in an obvious “frontline battlefield county,” Jefferson County men enlisted quickly and in numbers.
Miller, Francis Trevelyan. (1912). “The photographic history of the civil war in ten volumes.” Vol. 3. New York, NY: The Review of Reviews Co. archive.org pp. 26-27
McDonald, William N. and Bushrod C. Washington. (1907). “A History of the Laurel Brigade.” archive.org p. 176:
At least 414 white males in local militias enlisted that very night (April 18, 1861), including the 39-year old, crack-shot son of Jane Washington – Richard Blackburn Washington – who lived at Blakeley with Christian his wife and their five children; and thirty-year-old Bushrod Corbin Washington, the owner of Claymont. (43:39)
Others who joined then were:
Raleigh V. Moler, Daniel Griffith Moler courtesy Charles Moler
Charles L. Crane courtesy Tom Steptoe; Baylor, George. (1900).”Bull Run to Bull Run: Four years in the army of northern Virginia.” Richmond, VA: B. F. Johnson Publishing. archive.org p. 75
Gallaher, Dewitt C. (1961). “A Diary Depicting the Experience of Dewitt Clinton Gallaher in the War Between the States While Serving In the Confederate Army.” Charleston, WV: Privately Published; findagrave.com
frontispiece – Craighill, E. A. (1989). “Confederate surgeon: the personal recollections of E.A. Craighill.” Peter W. Houck ed. Lynchburg, Va: H. E. Howard, Inc.
courtesy Charles Moler
National Park Service at Ferry Hill, Bridgeport, MD
courtesy Charles Moler
McDonald, William N. and Bushrod C. Washington. (1907). “A History of the Laurel Brigade.” archive.org. p. 374 (facing)
courtesy Charles Moler
This exodus of able bodied men into the Confederate Army, along with African-Americans from their farms who worked as teamsters, like John Fox, or as cooks like Steven Goens and Wesley Seibert – all these departures left fewer still on the farms to grow and harvest the fields of wheat and corn.
Semblance “John Fox” – Strother, David H., “Virginia Illustrated.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 10, Issue: 57, (Feb., 1855). hathitrust.org p. 300 – The wagoner.
(Goins semblance only) Strother, David Hunter; James River & Kanawha Canal November 1856 (W1995.030.257) – James River & Kanawha Canal November 1856. Collection: West Virginia Historical Art Collection
City Point, Cooking, West Point, Virginia [photographed between 1861 and 1865, printed between 1880 and 1889] – loc.gov“The Great Labor Question From a Southern Point of View,” Harper’s Weekly, July 29, 1865. – sonofthesouth.net
Moreover, individual men in the local 12th Virginia cavalry often followed the custom of having an African-American groom to mind their horses.
[Fredericksburg, Va. Soldiers filling canteens] Summary: Photograph from the main eastern theater of war, Grant’s Wilderness Campaign, May-June 1864. Compiled by: compiled by Hirst D. Milhollen and Donald H. Mugridge Created / Published: 1864 May. loc.gov
Some eight thousand Confederate enlistees would flock to Bolivar Heights by May 23rd from as far away as Mississippi, joined soon by a mercurial West Point-graduated professor from Virginia Military Institute named Thomas Jonathan Jackson.
“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 1.” (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co. archive.org p. 262 – A Very Raw Recruit.“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 1.” (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co. archive.org p. 123 – Pen Sketch of General Jackson
REFERENCES:
Craighill, Dr. Edward A.; Peter W. Houck. (1989). “Confederate surgeon: the personal recollections of E. A. Craighill.” Lynchburg, Virginia: H.E. Howard, Print.
Driver, Robert J. (1991). “1st Virginia Cavalry.” Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, Inc. Print.
Frye, Dennis E. (1984). “2nd Virginia Infantry.” Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, Inc. Print.
Frye, Dennis E. (1988). “12th Virginia Cavalry.” Lynchburg, VA: H. E. Howard, Inc. Print.
Frye, Dennis E. (2012). “Harpers Ferry Under Fire: A Border Town in the American Civil War.” Harpers Ferry, WV: The Harpers Ferry Historical Association. Print.
Gallaher, DeWitt Clinton Gallaher; DeWitt Clinton Gallaher, Jr. (1945). “A Diary Depicting The Experiences of DeWitt Clinton Gallaher – In the War Between the States While Serving in the Confederate Army.” Self-published. Google Books
Hamstead, Elsie. (2000). “One Small Village: Kearneysville 1842-1942.” Hagerstown, MD: Hagerstown Printing. Print. – (Reference to John Fox).
Lee, Netta. (1925). “The Recollections of Netta Lee.” The Society of the Lees of Virginia.
Vairin, Augustus L. P. “Civil War Diary of Augustus L. P. Vairin 2nd Mississippi Infantry, C.S.A.” (Originals available for review or copies purchased from the Mississippi Department of Archives and History). mdah.state.ms.us
‘Wesley Seibert Answers the Last Call.’ “The Shepherdstown Register.” May 7, 1903. p. 3. chroniclingamerica. loc.gov
April 18, 1861 Jefferson County enlistees in the 2nd Virginia Infantry: From Frye, Dennis E. (1984). “2nd Virginia Infantry.” Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, Inc. Print.
WHO ENLISTED IN JEFFERSON COUNTY ON APRIL 18, 1861 THE NIGHT THEY SOUGHT TO CAPTURE THE FEDERAL ARSENAL AT HARPER’S FERRY FOR THE SOON-TO-BE CONFEDERACY. THEY FAILED BECAUSE ITS FEDERAL COMMANDER ARRANGED TO BLOW IT UP FIRST.
April 18, 1861 Jefferson County enlistees in the 2nd Virginia Infantry: From Frye, Dennis E. (1984). “2nd Virginia Infantry.” Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, Inc. Print.
AISQUITH, ARCHIBALD H.: b. 5/11/45. 5’7″. light complexion, brown eyes, dark hair. Clerk. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Wded. at Chancellorsville, 5/3/63. Right arm amputated at Gen. Hosp. at Staunton. Listed as unfit for active duty. Attached to Gen. Hosp. Staunton, 5/28/63. Last official entry shows him still at same hospital in Sept./Oct. 1864. Paroled 4/22/65 at Winchester. d. 11/3/94. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
AISQUITH, CHARLES W.: b. in Jefferson Co. 5’8″. fair complexion, blue eyes, dark hair. Clerk. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. To Sgt., date not listed. Wded. in neck at 1st Manassas, 7/21/61. Returned to duty 9/25/61. Absent sick Nov./Dec. 1861. Present again 4/30-10/31, 1862. Hospitalized 4/5/63, chronic diarrhea. Last official entry shows him commissioned as hospital steward, 6/1/63. d. 4/2/92. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
ARTHUR, WILLIAM: b. 1842? Laborer. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. To Sgt. 12/1/62. POW at Spotsylvania, 5/12/64 (Pt. Lookout, Elmira). Exchanged 3/14/65. Last official entry shows him receiving pay on 3/18/65.
BARNHART, DANIEL E.: b. 1840. Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. To Corp. 11/13/61. d. 4/25/62 at Gen. Hosp. #2, Lynchburg; disease. bur. City Cem. (Old Methodist Cem.), Lynchburg. “The Virginia Free Press” 9 Nov. 1865: “Daniel E. Barnhart wounded at Kernstown 23rd of March 1862 died at Hospital Lynchburg, April 25th, aged 22.”
BARNHART, GEORGE W.: b. 7/28/43. Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. Absent sick July/Aug. 1861. Present again Sept./Oct. 1861. KIA at 2nd Manassas, 8/30/62. b. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va. “The Virginia Free Press” 9 Nov. 1865 states: “George W. Barnhart killed Aug. 28, 1862 at the second battle of Manassas, aged 20.”
BARNHART, HENRY F.: b. 1837. 5’5″. dark complexion, blue eyes, light hair. Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown as Sgt. in Co. B. To Lt. 11/18/62. To Capt. 6/13/63. POW at Fisher’s Hill, 9/22/64 (Ft. Delaware). Released 6/16/65. d. 1915. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
BARR, MARTIN L.: b. 2/25/42. Shoemaker. enl. 4/18/61 at Berryville in Co. I as Pvt. AWOL 7/30-8/9 1861. AWOL since 12/27/61. POW at Harpers Ferry, 6/15/62 (Ft. Delaware). Exchanged 8/5/62. Wded. in right thigh at Payne’s Farm, 11/27/63. Gen. Hosp. #9, Richmond, 11/29/63. To Chimborazo #1, 11/30/63. To Gen. Hasp. Staunton, 12/29/63. To Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville, 6/25-7/15 1864. POW at Clarkson, Va., 11/27/64 (Old Capitol Prison, Elmira). Paroled 3/14/65. d. 11/28/18. bur. Mt. Hebron Cem., Winchester.
BARRINGER, GEORGE W.: b. 1830? Laborer. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Corp. To Pvt. Nov/Dec. 1861. AWOL 7/17-12/13/61. POW 6/10/62. No further record.
BEALL, JOHN YATES: b. 1/1/35 in Jefferson Co. 5’8″. fair complexion, blue eyes, brown hair. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Detailed to convey a sick soldier to Jefferson Co., Sept./Oct. 1861. Wded. in chest in Battle of Bolivar Heights, 10/16/61. Discharged due to wound, 2/18/63. POW at Accomac Co., 1/16/63. Held as a political prisoner and pirate for his privateering in the Chesapeake Bay (Ft. McHenry, Ft. Monroe, Pt. Lookout). Paroled from Pt. Lookout, 3/3/64. Court-martialed as a guerrilla and spy after captured in his attempt to release Confederate prisoners held on Johnson’s Island. Hanged on Governor’s Island in New York Harbor, 2/24/65. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
BAST (BOST) GEORGE M.: b. 1818? Laborer. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Sgt. sick at Shepherdstown since 9/29/61. Present again Nov-Dec. 1861. Surgeon’s discharge, 4/27/62. d. 5/2/70. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
BRANTNER, GEORGE W.: enl. 4/18/61 Duffields Co. H. AWOL July/August 1861. (transferred to 12th Virginia Cavalry)
BRISCOE, THOMAS W.: b. 9/4/33. Physician. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. MWIA in chest at 1st Manassas, 7/21/61. d. 7/24/61 at hospital at Culpeper Court House. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
BROWN, JAMES H.: b. 1841. Dept. of the Post Master. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Corp. d. 8/13/61, measles. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
BROWN, JOSEPH F. (H.): b. 3/25/28. Laborer. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. Detailed as teamster for regt., Nov-Dec.1862. AWOL 4/28/63. Unofficial source says he served in Co. A, 1st Va. Cav. d. 3/19/93. bur. Uvilla Methodist Cem., Uvilla, W.Va.
BROWN, SAMUEL HOWELL: b. 1/14/31. Surveyor. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Sgt. Detailed as a recruiting officer, 8/2/61. Returned from recruiting 10/11/61. Detailed for special duty under Col. Angus W. McDonald by order of Gen. Jackson, Nov./Dec. 1861. Detailed in engineer corps, 4/18/62. Apptd. Lt. in engineer corps, 6/1/63. No further record. d. 1/24/05. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
BROWN, WILLIAM J.: b. 1831. 5’7″. dark complexion, black eyes, sandy hair, gray, sandy whiskers. Clerk for circuit court of Jefferson Co.; also a lawyer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. sick at hospital, Nov./Dec. 1861. Wded. elbow joint, right arm, 2nd Manassas, 8/28/62. Captured at Charles Town and paroled, Sept./Oct. 1862. Detailed by Secretary of War, 8/4/63, to report to Richmond to serve as clerk for T. C. Green, state collector of C.S. taxes in Va. Given 6 months’ disability certificate, 4/19/64, due to permanently disabled right arm. No further record.
BURNETT, THOMAS D.: b. 9/10/38. Druggist and farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Corp. Detailed as Hospital Steward in 33rd Va. Vol. Inf., 9/10/61. d. 3/10/62. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
BUTLER, FRANCIS G.: b. 4/10/21. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. MWIA in chest at 1st Manassas, 7/21/61. d. 7/25/61 at Pringle’s House, Manassas. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
BUTLER, WILLIAM: b. 8/23/41. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. To Corp. 8/17/61. Absent sick Nov./Dec. 1861-March/April 1862. Wded. at 2nd Manassas, date not specific. Present again Jan /Feb. 1863. d. 5/6 or 5/8 1863 at Chimborazo #5, pneumonia. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
CAMERON, HENRY F.: b. 6/18/24. Tailor. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Sgt. Reduced to Pvt. Sept./Oct. 1861. AWOL 7/16-8/24 1861. Discharged 4/30-10/31 1862, overage. d. 11/11/88. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
CAMPBELL, JAMES A.: b. 1827? Miller. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. Last official entry shows him present, Nov-Dec. 1861.
CHAPMAN, JOSEPH H.: b. 1840? Laborer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Sent to hospital in Winchester, 12/16/61. Present by 10/31/62. Deserted 7/15/63. d. 8/25/77.
COCKRELL, DAVID H.: b. 1818? Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Lt. Detailed as conscript officer for Jefferson Co., 10/1/62. Detailed by Brig. Gen. Talliferro as Chief of Pioneer Corps, 12/19/62; retained on this detail through March/April 1864. Last official entry shows him as commanding Division Provost Guard at Camp Ewell near Burgess Mill, 2/27/65. POW Appomattox, 4/9/65 (Old Capitol Prison). Released 8/8/65. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.; no dates on stone.
COLBERT, GEORGE W.: b. 1838? 5’10”. florid complexion, gray eyes, black hair. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Absent sick since mid-May, 1861. Discharged 11/9/61, no reason stated.
COLBERT, JOHN JAMES: b. 12/18/39. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Absent sick Nov/Dec. 1861. Killed 9/9/62? bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
COLBERT, JOSEPH W.: b. 1842, Laborer. enl. 4/18/61 Co. H.
CONNER, MORRIS: b. 1831? Laborer. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. Last official entry shows him present, Nov/Dec. 1861.
CROW, JACOB B.: b. 11/6/32. 5’8″. fair complexion, blue eyes, dark hair. Residence Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. To Corp. 8/17/61. To Pvt. Nov/Dec. 1861. AWOL 7/16-8/10 1861. Detailed as teamster, 9/8/61. Detailed as teamster, 6/30-10/31 1862 through Jan/Feb. 1864. Detailed to report to Col. Nadenbousch at Staunton 2/64. POW near Lexington, 6/11/64 (Camp Chase). Exchanged 3/2/65. No further record. d. 2/24/97. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
CULP, JOHN WESLEY: b, 1839? Tailor. enl. 4/18/61 at Harper’s Ferry in Co. B as Pvt. Taken POW while absent on furlough, March/April 1862. Exchanged 8/5/62. KIA at Gettysburg on Culp’s Hill near family farm property 7/3/63.
CURRIE, CHARLES W.: b. 1838. 5’3″. dark complexion, hazel eyes, dark hair. Farmer. Residence Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H of 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. Wded. at Kernstown 3/23/62. POW near Harper’s Ferry 10/16/62 (Ft. McHenry). Exchanged 10/25/62. enl. 12/62/62 at Shepherdstown in Co. D of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. Present Sept./Oct. 1863-July/Aug. 1864. Admitted to Chimborazo #1 8/20/64; debility. Discharged from hosp. 8/27/64. No further record. Paroled at Winchester 4/21/65. d. Dec. 1879 at Martinsburg, W.Va.
DANDRIDGE, EDMOND PENDLETON: b. 1/28/41. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Martinsburg in Co. D as Pvt. Wded. in foot at 1st Manassas, 7/21/61. Present again Sept/Oct. 1861. Last official entry shows him sick in hospital, Nov/Dec. 1861.
DAVENPORT, HENRY BEDINGER: b. 9/9/31. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Lt. Last official entry in Nov/Dec. 1861 shows him commanding the Co. since 7/21/61 due to the wounding of Capt. Rowan. d. 9/15/01. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
DAVIS, GEORGE A. S.: b. 1835. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Sgt. To Lt. 10/24/61. Commanding Co. 6/30-10/31 1862 through Nov/Dec. 1862; May/June 1863; Sept-Oct. 1863. Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville, 1/6/63; acute diarrhea. To Gen. Hosp. Lynchburg, 1/9/63. Present again March/April 1863. On furlough July/Aug. 1863. Gen. Hosp. #4, Richmond, 9/16-9/28 1863; chronic diarrhea. Sent to hospital sick, 1/22/64. Present again March/April 1864. Inspector and Mustering Officer for regt., 10/31/64. On detached service, 11/29/64; mission not stated. Resigned 1/18/65 due to smallness of Co. and his inability to march “on account of chronic diarrhea from which I have been suffering for two years.” d. 2/12/80. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
DAVIS, HENRY C.: b. 5/18/39. Teacher. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. To. Corp. 11/25/61. in Commissary Dept., 10/19-10/31 1861. Reenlisted in artillery, 6/30-10/31 1862.
EICHELBERGER, GEORGE F.: b. 12/18/43. 6′ 0″. dark complexion, brown eyes, dark hair. Student. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. To Sgt. 4/15/64. Wded. in arm at 2nd Manassas, 8/28/62. Returned to duty 2/20/62. Wded. at Spotsylvania, 5/12/64. Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville, 5/24/64. Furloughed 6/9/64. Paroled 4/24/65 at Charles Town. d. 2/6/10. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
ENTLER, DANIEL M.: b. 1835. in Shepherdstown. 5’8″. dark complexion, hazel eyes, dark hair. Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. Absent sick Nov-Dec. 1861. On furlough Jan-Feb, 1862. POW at Kernstown, 3/23/62 (Ft. Delaware). Exchanged 8/5/62. Detailed as asst. in commissary dept. (temporarily), Nov. 1862. Wded. in arm at Gettysburg, 7/2/63. Sent to Gen. Hosp. 7/15/63; fractured humerus, left arm. To Chimborazo #4, Richmond, 9/28/63. Surgeon’s Discharge 12/23/63, “wound is still open at elbow joint.”
ENGLISH, ROBERT M.: b. 9/27/24. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Lt. Wded. in arm,leg, and breast at 1st Manassas, 7/21/61. Returned to duty 10/25/61. KIA at Port Republic, 6/9/62, bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
FAGHENDER, JOSEPH H.: b. 1837. Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. Service in Ord. Dept., 10/19-10/30 1861. Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville, 6/20-7/17 1862. Absent sick at home in Jefferson Co. at 10/31/62 muster. Present again Nov-Dec. 1862. Detailed as teamster, 12/20/62. POW at Spotsylvania, 5/12/64 (Pt. Lookout). d. 6/14/64 at Pt. Lookout; cause not stated.
FEAMAN, JOHN S.: b. 1825. Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. KIA at Kernstown, 3/23/62.
FOLEY, JOHN F.: b. 10/22/40. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. Shown as Sgt. 6/30-10/31/62. To. Lt. 11/18/62 for “exhibition of extraordinary valor and skill in the several battles in which this regt. has been engaged.” Signs roll as commanding Co., Nov.-Dec. 1863. Surrendered at Appomattox. d. 6/3/26. bur. Harpers Cem., Harpers Ferry, W.Va.
FOWLER, SAMUEL H.: b. 6/10/29. Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Martinsburg in Co. D. as Sgt. Reduced to ranks 1/19/61 for drunkenness and disobedience of orders. To Corp. 11/1/63. POW at Fisher’s Hill, 9/23/64 (Pt. Lookout). Exchanged 3/15/65. d. 3/23/05. bur. Episcopal and Masonic Cem., Middleway, W.Va.
FRAZIER, JAMES H.: b. 1838? Auctioneer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Special duty as harnessmaker, Nov.-Dec. 1861. Discharged 7/30/62, reason not stated.
GALLAHER, CHARLES FRANK: b. 11/28/42. 5’8″. dark complexion, black eyes, gray hair. Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. Absent sick at home in Charles Town, 10/15/61. Chimborazo #1, 10/17-10/28 1861; debility. Present again Nov/Dec. 1861. POW at Kernstown, 3/23/62 (Ft. Delaware). Exchanged 8/5/62. POW at Spotsylvania, 5/12/64 (Pt. Lookout, Elmira). Exchanged 3/2/65. Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville, 4/19/65; reason not stated. Paroled 4/22/65 at Winchester. d. 1915. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
GALLAHER, CHARLES HORACE: b. 4/17/39. 5’10,”. florid complexion, blue eyes, amber hair. Clerk. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. To Sgt. 10/13/63. Wded. ln head at Payne’s Farm, 11/27/63. Chimborazo #3, 11/30/63. To Staunton, 12/8//63.Returned to duty 2/11/64. POW at Spotsylvania, 5/12/64 (Pt. Lookout, Elmira). Exchanged 2/20/65. paroled 4/30//65 at Staunton. d. 1/29/11. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
GOLD, THOMAS DANIEL: b. 2/23/45. 5’8″. light complexion, hazel eyes, dark hair. enl. 4/18/61 at Berryville in Co. I as Pvt. To Corp. 8/13/61. To Sgt. 8/1/62. POW at Kernstown, 3/23/62 (Ft. Delaware). Exchanged 8/5//62. Wded. in arm at 2nd Manassas, 8/28/62. Present again Nov/Dec. 1862. Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville, 10/22/63-1/13/64; typhoid fever. Absent sick Sep/Oct.-Nov./Dec. 1863. On detached duty, Jan/Feb. 1864. Present again March/April, 1864. POW at Spotsylvania, 5/12/64 (Pt. Lookout, Elmira). Exchanged 2/20/65. Paroled 4/21/65 at Winchester. Postwar, Va. State Senate, 1899-1903; author of “History of Clarke County and its Connection with the War Between the States” (1914). d. 12/7/15. bur. Greenhill Cem., Berryville. (NOTE: Gold is from Clarke County but is an exception and included here because he wrote a book about 2nd Virginia.-ED)
GREEN, THOMAS CLAIBORNE: b. 11/30/20 at Fredericksburg. Son of John W. Green, a Va. Supreme Court of Appeals judge. Practiced law with Col. Angus McDonald in Hampshire Co. at Romney. m. Mary Naylor McDonald, Col. McDonald’s oldest daughter. Mayor of Charles Town during the John Brown raid in 1859; also served as a defense attorney for Brown. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. On special duty in telegraph office, June 1861. Elected to Va. Legislature from Jefferson Co., 12/22/61. Apptd. chief collector of Confederate taxes in Va. by President Davis in 1863 and remained in this position until war’s end. Postwar, returned to Charles Town; apptd. to W.Va. Supreme Court of Appeals in 1876 and continued in this capacity until his death. d. 12/4/89. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
HARRELL, EDWIN R.: b. 11/20/30. Tinner. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Lt. Deserted 7/14/61 from Winchester. Dismissed from the army in disgrace by court-martial, 10/23/61. bur. Methodist Graveyard, Charles Town, W.Va.
HENDERSON, DAVID E.: b. 6/23/32. Artist enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Apptd. Lt in Topographical Engineers, date not stated. “Employed in making maps since the commencement of the war with the exception of a few weeks preceding the Battle of Manassas.” Detailed as draftsman to Gen. Johnston, 8/26/61. Draftsman at Gen. Lee’s headquarters, 6/30/62. No further record. d. 11/16/87. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
HENDRICKS, DANIEL WEBSTER: b. 7/26/38. Farrier. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. Listed as present through July/Aug. 1861; then no record again until shown absent sick, Sept./Oct., 1863. Also appears on rolls of Co. D, 12th Va. Cav. Present again Jan/Feb. 1864. Last official record shows him present, July/Aug. 1864. Paroled 4/18/65 at Harpers Ferry. d. 1/15/10 near Duffields. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
HENDRICKS, JAMES MADISON: b. 2/6/44. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. Re-enlisted in Co. D, 6th Va. Cav., 6/30-10/31/1862. d. 6/12/23. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
HENDRICKS, WILLIAM: b. 12/32/21, Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt.KIA at 1st Manassas, 7/21/61. bur. St. James Lutheran Cem., Uvilla, W.Va.
HESSEY, CHARLES E.: b. 1836? Tailor. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. Absent sick at Shepherdstown, July/Aug. 1861. d. 1/3 or 1/30 1862 at Shepherdstown; disease. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
HILL, JOHN: b. 12/18/20. 5’9″. light complexion, blue eyes, black hair. Tailor. Residence Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. To. Corp. 11/22/61. Detailed to Staunton as nurse in hosp., 11/20/62-Nov/Dec. 1863. Deserted 1/16/64, Oath of Allegiance to U.S., date not given. d. 3/13/05, bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
HOOFF, WILLIAM A.: b. 1839? 5’8″. dark complexion, gray eyes, dark hair. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Detailed as nurse to Gen. Hosp. #4, Richmond, 1/30/63. Ward master in Gen. Hosp. #4, Richmond, March/April 1863-Jan./Feb. 1864. Returned to regt. 3/14/64. POW at Salem Church, 5/12/64 (Pt. Lookout). Exchanged 3/14/65. Paroled 4/16/65 at Winchester.
HOUT, DAVID H.: b. 11/24/20. Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Corp. To Sgt. 11/13/61. Discharged 4/30-10/31/1862, overage. d. 3/11/05. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
HURST, JAMES A.: b. 12/19/29. Farmer. enl 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Lt. AWOL 9/20-1/11 1861. No further record. d. 7/24/91. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
HURST, THOMAS G.: b. 7/23/26. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. MWIA in abdomen, at 1st Manassas 7/21/61. d. 8/1 or 8/8/1861 at Orange Court House Hosp. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
HUTSON, ROBERT: b. 1842? Blacksmith. enl 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. d. 7/19/61 at hosp. in Winchester.”The Virginia Free Press” reported 9 Nov 1865 that a “Robert Hudson died at Winchester Hospital 19th July, 1861 aged 22 years.”
JENKINS, JOSEPH J.: b. 1832? Shoemaker. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Sgt. Elected Capt. 4/20/62. Surrendered at Appomattox.
JONES, JOHN W.: b. 1842? Blacksmith. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. Wded. at Chancellorsville, 5/3/63. Present again July/Aug. 1863. POW at Spotsylvania, 5/12/64 (Pt. Lookout, Elmira). Exchanged 3/2/65. Chimborazo #2, 3/10/65; pneumonia. Furloughed 60 days, 3/9/65. No further record. “The Virginia Free Press” 9 Nov. 1865: “John W. Jones wounded at Mine Run 27th Nov 1862 died Nov. 30th age 25.”
KEERL, JOHN D. : b. 1840? Clerk. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. To Sgt. 9/1/63. Wded. at Chancellorsville, 5/3/63. Returned from sick furlough, 7/23/63. Last official entry shows him present, March/April 1864.
KEYES, WILLIAM H.: b. 7/15/41. Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. Trans. to 1st Va. Cav., 7/14/61. KIA at Jenning’s Landing on the James River, 3/24/64. bur. Old Reformed Graveyard, Shepherdstown, W.Va.
KIMES, HENRY: b. 1816? Painter. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. Absent sick at home in Shepherdstown, Sept/Oct. 1861. Present again Nov/Dec. 1861. Last official entry states he was taken POW while on furlough, March/April 1864. b. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
LEE, RICHARD HENRY: b. 8/24/21. grandson of Richard Henry Lee, mover of the Declaration of Independence in the Continental Congress. Lawyer. Residence Charles Town. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Lt. Absent sick 8/26-9/13/1861. Wded. severely at Kernstown, 3/23/62. Recommended for service on a military court, Oct. 1862. Later became Judge Advocate and Col. in the 2nd Corps, Army of Northern Va. d. 6/18/02. bur. Old Chapel Cem., Millwood.
LEWIS, JOHN H. B.: b. 10/10/19. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. To Ord. Sgt. 4/30-10/31 1862. Absent sick since 11/12/62. No record again until Sept/Oct. 1863 when he is listed as present. Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville, 6/17-6/28 1864; febris remittens. Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville, 9/26/64; debility. Retired to Invalid Corps, 3/3/65, and stationed at Lexington. No further record. d. Dec. 1870. bur. Lewis-Muse Graveyard, Jefferson Co., W.Va.
LINK, ADAM, JR.: b. 10/16/17. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. Surgeon’s discharge, 5/15/61,”for inability.” d. 3/27/62. bur. St. James Lutheran Cem., Uvilla, W.Va.
LINK, THOMAS: b. 4/2/27. Farmer. Residence Dufflelds. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H. Elected Lt. 11/22/61. Absent sick in hosp. near Centerville. July/Aug-Sept/Oct. 1861. Last official entry shows him present, Nov-Dec. 1861. Dropped from Register of Commissioned Officers, 4/16/62. d. 4/21/74 at Duffields.
MADDOX, JAMES E.: b. 1821? Carpenter. Residence Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Sgt. Elected Lt. 11/22/61. POW at Leetown, 5/3/62 (Ft. Delaware). Exchanged 8/5/62. No further record.
MAGAHA, WILSON H.: b. 1830. 6’0″. light complexion, gray eyes, brown hair. Carpenter. Residence Charles Town. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. Detailed as teamster, 10/15-10/31 1861. Gen. Hosp. Staunton, 3/10/63; typhoid fever. Present again May/June 1863. Wded. at Gettysburg, 7/2/63. POW at Gettysburg, July 1863 (DeCamp Gen. Hosp., David’s Island, N.Y. Harbor; Ft. Wood, Bedloe’s Island, N.Y. Harbor where “lower one-third of right thigh amputated. “). Paroled from Hammond Gen. Hosp., Pt. Lookout, date not specific. Chimborazo #1, 3/7/64. Furloughed 3/8/64 for 60 days. Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville, 3/22/64. To Staunton, 5/30/64. No further record. d. 1900. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
McDONALD, WILLIAM NAYLOR: b. 2/4/34 in Hampshire Co. Received Master’s Degree from University of Virginia and became a professor of rhetoric and principal of a high school in Louisville, Kentucky; then became a lawyer in Charles Town. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Absent on special duty in Cav. of Angus W. McDonald, Nov/Dec. 1861. Last official record shows him on detail to engineer service, 3/26/62. Resigned from this and trans. to Co. D, 11th Va. Cav. Later promoted to Capt. of artillery and assigned to Ord. Dept. Wded. in side at Wilderness, 5/6/64. Another source says he also served on the staffs of Rosser and Mahone. Postwar, teacher; founder and principal of Shenandoah University School at Berryville; founder of Cool Spring School; author of “The Laurel Brigade.” d. 1/4/98. bur. Greenhill Cem., Berryville.
McDONOUGH, CHARLES T.: b. 1844? in Loudoun Co. Light complexion, blue eyes, brown hair. Tailor. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. Absent sick at home since 9/5/61. Surgeon’s discharge, 12/8/61; disability. NOTE ENTRY FROM 12TH VA CAV: b. 1844? in Loudoun Co. 5’9″. fair complexion, blue eyes, light hair. Tailor in Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A of 2nd Va.lnf. as Pvt. Absent sick at home since 9/5/61. Surgeon’s discharge, 12/8/61; disability. Listed in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. (date and location of enl. not stated). POW 1st N.Y. Cav. near Charles Town, 12/26/62 (Camp Chase, 1/3/63). To City Point for exchange, 3/28/63.
McINTYRE, THOMAS B.: b. 1837? Mason. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Sgt. KIA at 2nd Manassas, 8/28/62.
McKENNEY (McKINNEY), FRANCIS E.: b. 1841? Florid complexion, hazel eyes, black hair. Farmer. Residence Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. POW at Kernstown, 3/23/62 (Ft. Delaware). Exchanged 8/5/62. Absent sick at home in Jefferson Co. 9/5/62-May-June, 1863. Shown as AWOL since 6/13/63. POW at Leetown, 10/12/63 (Pt. Lookout). Oath of Allegiance to U.S., 4/23/64. POW at Harpers Ferry, 4/26/64 (Camp Chase). Oath of Allegiance to U.S., 6/1/65. bur. Greenhill Cem., Martinsburg, W.Va.
MEDLAR, NAPOLEON B.: b. 1840? Gunsmith. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G in Pvt. Detailed as musician for 2nd regt., July/Aug. 1861. Gen. Hosp. Howard’s Grove, Richmond, 7/21/63; severe contusion of left thigh by a fall. To Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville, 8/3/63. Present again Sept/Oct. 1863. Next official record shows him as an armorer in a repairing establishment at Charlottesville, 3/19-Aug. 1862. Final record shows him as an armorer at the C. S Carbine Factory, Richmond, 3/19/63. No further record.
MELVIN, JACOB S.: b. 1/6/30. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Dufflelds in Co. H as Lt. Last official entry shows him present, Nov. Dec. 1861. Vouchers for the fall of 1862 list him as a Capt. and Asst. Commissary. d. 1/25/12. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
MILLBURN, HENRY: b. 1841? Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. AWOL 12/27-12/30 1861. Last official entry shows him present, 12/31/61.
MILLER, BENJAMIN: enl. 4/18/62 at Rude’s Hill in Co. B as Pvt. AWOL 4/20-8/1 1862. No further record except parole statement that says he was paroled 4/20/65 at Mt. Jackson.
MILLER, EMMANUEL: b. 1817? Shoemaker. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. AWOL and never mustered, 4/30-6/30 1861. No further record.
MILLER, MILTON B. : b. 1832? Shoemaker. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. Last official entry shows him present, Nov/Dec. 1861.
MOLER, LEE H.: b. 3/12/37. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Lt. Elected Capt. 4/20/62. Resigned 8/15/62 due to “an old and large hernia at the left side.” d. 10/28/08. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
MONROE, GEORGE B. : b. 8/8/18. Painter. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Absent on special duty, 4/18-6/30/1861. Absent sick since 7/1/61. Discharged 1/19/61 for disability. d. 2/18/67. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
MOORE, ALBERT L.: b. 12/29/45. Student. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. Absent sick at home, Nov/Dec. 1861. No further record. d. 4/14/34. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
MOORE, CLEON: b. 11/24/40. Teacher. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co G as Pvt. To Corp 8/23/61. To Lt. Nov/Dec. 1862. Absent sick at hosp., 10/15/61 Present again Nov/Dec 186l Last official records state he was on duty with Provost Guard, 10/12/Nov. 1864. Surrendered at Appomattox. Postwar, lawyer d 12/26/14 bur. Edge Hill Charles Town, WVa.
MOORE, EDWIN L.: b 2/14/31. Banker enl. 4/18/61 Charles Town Co G. Elected Capt. to succeed Capt. Botts 6/13/61. To Maj. 9/16/62. Signs roll as commanding 2nd Va. lnf., 10/31/62. Absent on detail as acting inspector, 1st Division, 2nd Corps, Army of Northern Va., Nov/Dec. 1862-May/June 1863. Next official record lists him as AAG to Trimble’s Division, 1/6/64. No further record. d. 12/11/81. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
MOORE, SAMUEL JOHNSTON CRAMER: b. 6/29/26 in Charles Town. Lawyer. m. Ellen Kownslar. enl. 4/18/61 at Berryville in Co. I as Lt. Elected Capt. 11/19/61. Last official entry shows him absent due to wound in thigh at 2nd Manassas, 8/28/62. Detailed as Judge Advocate, Army of Northern Va., 8/25/62. Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville, 5/13-7/25 1863; hemorrhoid. Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville, 5/9/64. To Front Royal, 6/27/64. Served as Ass’t. lnspector Gen., 2nd Corps, dates not given. Assigned as Adj. Gen. to Gen. Early and the Valley Army, 7/29/64 to Appomattox. Postwar, Clarke Co. lawyer and judge. d. 12/19/08. bur. Greenhill Cem. Berryville.
MYERS, SAMUEL B.: b. 6/27/41. 5’6″. sandy complexion, gray eyes, sandy hair. Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. Absent sick at home 8/2/61-Sept/Oct. 1861. Present again Nov/Dec. 1861 and detailed as orderly to Col. Allen. Absent on detail as Post Master of 1st Division, 10/25/62-March/April 1863. Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville, 6/9-7/6 1864; debility. Last official entry shows him present, 4/30-10/31 1864. Paroled 4/24/65 at Winchester. d. 5/11/74. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
MYERS, JAMES W.: b. 1842? Printer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. To Sgt. Nov/Dec. 1862. Wded. at Cedar Run, 8/19/62. Gen. Hosp. Charlottesville. 8/11/62. To Gen. Hosp. Lynchburg. 9/1/62. Present again by 10/31/62. POW at Spotsylvania, 5/12/64 (Pt. Lookout, Elmira). Exchanged 3/2/65. Jackson Hosp., Richmond, 3/7/65; debility. Furloughed 3/9/65 for 30 days. No further record.
NOLAND, GEORGE WILLIAM: b. 1838. 5’7″. dark complexion, gray eyes, brown hair. Painter. Residence Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. To Corp. 8/5/61. To Sgt. 9/1/62. To Pvt. 10/31/63. POW at Spotsylvania, 5/12/64 (Pt. Lookout, Elmira). Exchanged 3/14/65. Paroled 4/22/65 at Winchester. d. before 1900 at Baltimore, Md.
NOLAND, JAMES HENRY: b. 12/7/34. Machinist. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. On duty at Col. Allen’s headquarters, Sept/Oct. 1861. Last official entry shows him absent sick in hosp., Nov/Dec. 1861. Unofficial source states he served in medical dept. Postwar, member of Turner Ashby Camp #22 at Winchester. d. 12/7/98. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
O’BANNON, GEORGE M.: b. 1844? Student. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. To Corp., Nov/Dec. 1863. Re-enlisted 4/18/62 in Co. I. AWOL Jan./Feb. 1864. Last official entry shows him present again, March/April 1864. O’BANNON, JAMES H.: b. 1840? 5’8″. ruddy complexion, black eyes, dark hair, Printer. Residence Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Berryville in Co. I as Corp. To Lt. 9/2/61. To Capt. 9/2/62. Absent sick Sept/Oct. 1861. Present again Nov/Dec. 1861. Absent on furlough Jan/Feb. 1863. Present again March/April 1863. Absent sick Jan/Feb. 1864. Present again March/April 1864. POW at Snicker’S Gap, 7/25/64 (Old Capitol Prison, Ft. Delaware). Oath of Allegiance to U.S. 6/14/65.
OSBOURN, ALEXANDER LINK: b. 11/1/44. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. Trans. to Co. D, 12th Va. Cav. d. 1/19/11 at Shenandoah Jct. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va. NOTE ENTRY FROM 12TH VA CAV. OSBOURN (OSBORN) ALEXANDER LINK: b. 11/1/44. 5’8″. dark complexion. gray eyes, dark hair. Farmer in Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co, H of 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. enl. 4/19/62 at Shepherdstown in Co. D of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. Shown as 4th Corp, on Jan./Feb. 1864 roll. Present Sept./Oct. 1863-March/April 1864. POW at New Market 10/9/64 (Pt. Lookout 10/20/64), Oath of Allegiance to U.S. at Pt. Lookout 6/15/65. Postwar. resident of Shenandoah Junction in Jefferson Co. W.Va. Furnished rosters of Co. A and Co. D for McDonald’s Laurel Brigade book. d. 1/19/11 at Shenandoah Junction. Jefferson Co. W.Va. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown. W.Va
REED, JOHN J.: b. 1834? Lawyer. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. Discharged 10/12/61, reason not stated.
RIDER, JOHN WILLIAM: b. 4/1/40. Teacher. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town Co. G as Pvt. Appears as Sgt. at 10/31/62 muster. Wded. in arm and chest at Harpers Ferry, 10/16/61. Wded. at 1st Winchester, 5/25/62. Gen. Hosp. Mt. Jackson, 6/1/62. Present again by 10/31/62. Detailed as Sgt. in charge of ambulances, May/June 1863-March/April 1864. Last official entry shows him present, 4/30-10/3 1864. Surrendered at Appomattox. d. 12/31/23 at Halltown. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
RISSLER, GEORGE L.: b. 10/11/27 in Frederick Co. 5′ 10 1/2″. florid complexion, blue eyes, brown hair. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. AWOL since 12/19/61. No further record. d. 7/20/16. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
ROBERTSON, MYRTILLO STEPTOE BRENT: b. 5/29/26. Tailor. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Sgt. Absent on detail guarding baggage wagons, 10/7/61. Present again Nov/Dec. 1861. Detailed as commissary Sgt., 10/10/62. Last official entry shows him present and still on detail as commissary Sgt., 4/30-10/31/1864. Paroled at Farmville, date not specific. d. 2/16/86 at Charles Town, W.Va.
RONEMOUS, LEWIS: b. 1826? Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. Last official entry shows him present, Nov/Dec. 1861.
RUST, HENRY D.: b. 1833? Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Sgt. To Pvt. 7/1/62. Wded. in arm and foot at 2nd Manassas, 8/28/62. At hosp. in Lynchburg since 11/20/62. Gen. Hosp. Liberty, 12/13/62. Present again Sept/Oct. 1863. Wded. in hand and thumb at Payne’s Farm, 11/27/63. Last official entry shows him still absent from wound, March/April 1864. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
RUST, THOMAS G.: b. 1839. 5’4″. dark complexion, blue eyes, dark hair. Carpenter. Residence Harpers Ferry. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. POW at Spotsylvania, 5/12/64 (Pt. Lookout, Elmira). Oath of Allegiance to U.S., 5/20/65. d. 1908. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
RUTHERFORD, GERARD DAVID: b. 1841? 5’8″. dark complexion, hazel eyes, brown hair. Farmer. Residence Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. Absent sick at home in Jefferson Co., Nov/Dec. 1861. Last official entry says he deserted, 5/31/62. When captured at Petersburg, however, he is listed in Co. D, 12th Va. Cav. POW at Petersburg, 10/29/62 (Wheeling, Camp Chase). Exchanged 12/2/62. No further record. Listing with Co. D 12th Va not reflected in 12th Rosters in Frye’s book
RUTHERFORD, JOHN A.: b. 1843? Carpenter. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. Last official entry shows him present, Nov./Dec. 1861.
SAPPINGTON, GEORGE W.: b. 1827? Laborer. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. To Corp. Aug. 1861. To Sgt. 11/22/61. To Lt. 4/20/62. Wded. at Kernstown, 3/23/62 and still absent from wounds at 10/31/62 muster. Dismissed from C.S.A. service, 12/16/62; reason not stated.
SANBORN, JOHN J.: b. 1841? Teacher. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Lost one bayonet sometime before 6/30/61. Fined $11.00 by court·martial, 8/15/61; reason not stated. Last official entry shows him present, Nov/Dec. 1861.
SELDON (SELDEN), JOHN: b. 2/24/22 in Loudoun Co. 6’0″. florid complexion, blue eyes, light brown hair. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Absent sick since 8/1/61. Discharged 12/5/61, “unfit for duty.” d. 1/8/96. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
SHARFF, JACOB K.: b. 3/2/24. Laborer. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. Detailed as cook with surgeon, Nov/Dec. 1862. Surrendered at Appomattox. d. 3/1/11. bur. Episcopal and Masonic Cem., Middleway, W.Va.
SHEPHERD, ALEXANDER H.: b. 1831. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H as Pvt. d. 9/25 or 9/26/1861 at hosp. at Camp Harman; typhoid fever. bur. Shepherd Burial Ground, Shepherdstown, W.Va.
SPOTTS, JOSEPH B.: b. 1843? Student. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. To Corp. Aug. 1861 To Pvt. 11/25/61 for “bad conduct.” Detailed in QM’s Dept., 7/1/62. Present again Jan/Feb. 1863. POW at Spotsylvania, 5/12/64 (Pt Lookout). d. 6/4/64 at Pt. Lookout, cause not stated.
SUDDITH, GEORGE E.: b. 1841? Machinist. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. Last official entry shows him present, Nov./Dec. 1861.
TAYLOR, LEMUEL T.: b. 1825. Wagon maker. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Corp. To Sgt. 8/17/61. POW at Kernstown, 3/23/62 (Ft. Delaware). Exchanged 8/5/62. AWOL since 8/5/62 and dropped from the roll, Nov/Dec. 1862. No further record until 10/3/64 when he is shown in Gen. Hosp. #9, Richmond. To Gen. Hosp. #5, Richmond. 10/8/64. chronic diarrhea. d. 1/12/64 at Gen. Hosp. #5, Richmond.
TIMBERLAKE. BENJAMIN T.: b. 1839? Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Absent sick 8/8-9/2 1861. POW at Salem Church, 5/20/64 (Pt. Lookout, Elmira). Exchanged 2/9/65. Paroled at Harpers Ferry, 3/24/65 (sic).
WALTERS, JOSEPH W.: b. 9/8/34. Laborer. Residence Augusta Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. Absent sick since 6/24/63. Detailed to wait on sick at Gettysburg. POW at Gettysburg, 7/3/63 (Ft. McHenry, Ft. Delaware, Pt. Lookout). Exchanged 9/30/64. Furloughed from Chimborazo #1, 10/10/64, length of furlough not stated. No further record. d. 11/23/68. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
WASHINGTON, RICHARD BLACKBURN: b. 11/12/22. Attd. V.M.I., 1843. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Absent sick since 8/20/61. Discharged 10/14/61, reason not stated. Recordfs indicate that Gen. Lee ordered him to return to his home and family following the death of John A. Washington in uniform who had children and had been widowed. Postwar, farmer at Charles Town. d. 10/15/10. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
WATSON, SAMUEL: b. 1839? Weaver. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Absent on 30-day detail for manufacturing duty, 10/13/61. Absent on special duty, Nov/Dec. 1861; “time unllmited·” Type of duty not specified. No further record.
WATSON, WILLIAM: b. 1842? Weaver. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G as Pvt. Absent on 30-day detail for manufacturlng duty, 10/13/61. Absent on special duty, Nov/Dec. 1861; “time unlimited. ” Type of duty not specified. No further record.
WHITTINGTON, GEORGE W.: b. 1843? Blacksmith. enl. 4/18/61 at Berryville in Co. I as Pvt. Absent sick in hosp., July/Aug. 1861. Present again Sept/Oct. 1861. AWOL since 12/27/61. AWOL since 5/30/62, and dropped from the roll. No further record. d. 1/1/24 in Clarke Co.
WHITTINGTON, JOHN N.: b. 1840? Painter. Residence Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. To Corp. 9/1/62. To Sgt. 10/31/63. POW at Woodstock, 6/2/62. Exchanged 8/5/62. POW at Fisher’s Hill. 9/22/64 (Pt. Lookout). Oath of Allegiance to U.S., 5/14/65. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
WINTERMOYER, JACOB: b. 10/28/31. Painter. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Pvt. Absent sick 6/18/63-Jan. 1864. Deserted 2/1/64. d. 8/27/09. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
ZITTLE, JOHN H.: b. 1835? Printer. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B as Lt. Last official entry shows him present, Jan/Feb. 1862. Dropped from the Register of Commissioned Officers, 5/18/62; reason not stated.
April 18, 1861 enlistees in Jefferson County in the 12th Virginia Cavalry:
From Frye, Dennis E. (1988). “12th Virginia Cavalry.” Lynchburg, VA: H. E. Howard, Inc. Print.
BARRINGER, JAMES.: b. 1835? 6’0″. dark complexion, blue eyes, brown hair. Laborer. Residence Jefferson Co., Va. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H of 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. AWOL 7/17/61. Returned to ranks, 10/15/61. Last Infantry record shows him present Nov/Dec. 1861. enl. 4/17/62 at Conrad’s Store in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. as a Pvt. POW 10/16/62 near Charles Town. Paroled at Ft. McHenry 10/25/62. Present Nov/Dec. 1863. AWOL Jan./Feb. 1864. POW at Halltown, Jefferson Co., W.Va. 8/24/64 (Old Capitol Prison, 6/25/64; Ft. Delaware, 9/20/64; Oath of Allegiance to U.S. at Ft. Delaware. 6/7/65). d. by 1900.
BILLINGS, HENRY MARTIN: b. 3/28/39 at Winchester. 5’2″. dark complexion, blue eyes, black hair. Teacher. Residence Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H of 2nd Va. Inf. as Corp. To Sgt. 11/22/61. Elected Lt. 4/20/62. Wded. at 1st Manassas, 7/21/61. Resigned 5/26/63 due to smallness of company. “I consider it my duty to resign, as I feel it an imposition upon the service in having so many commissioned officers in so small a company, and would prefer being a humble private in the Cavalry.” enl. in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. as a Pvt. (date not stated). POW at Smithfield, Jefferson Co., W.Va. 9/15/63 (Ft. McHenry, 9/17/63). Later POW rolls at Ft. McHenry state “absent and unaccounted for.” No further record. d. 10/26/78. bur. Mt. Hebron Cem., Winchester.
BRANTNER, GEORGE WARREN: b. 4/4/27. 5’10”. dark complexion, gray eyes, brown hair. Laborer and B&0 Railroad track inspector, enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H of 2nd Va, Inf., as Pvt. AWOL July/Aug. 1861. No further Infantry record. enl. 9/26/62 at Shepherdstown in 12th Va. Cav. in Co. D as Pvt. POW at Beverly Ford 6/9/63 (Old Capitol Prison). Paroled 6/25/63. Present Sept./Oct. 1863-July/Aug, 1864, No further record. Paroled at Mt Jackson 4/18/65. m. Blanche Ann Hendricks d. 4/2/84 or ’82, bur. St. James Lutheran Cem., Uvilla, W.V.
COOKE, BUSHROD W.: b. 1837 6’0″. Civil Engineer. Nephew of Philip St. George Cooke. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G of 2nd Va. Inf. as Sgt. Trans. to Q.M. Dept. 6/24/61. No further infantry record. enl. 11/1/62 at Charles Town in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. Shown as 4th Corp. at 2/29/64 muster. Began service as acting commissary officer 6/1/64. Recommended for Assistant Commissary 8/5/64, and rank of Capt. Present Nov./Dec. 1863-March/April 1864. No further record. Surrendered at Appomattox, 4/9/65. Postwar, teacher at Trimble, Kentucky. Alive in 1900.
COPELAND, PHILIP D.: b. 1838? 5’7 1/2″. light complexion, hazel eyes, dark hair. Carpenter & Clerk. Residence Charles Town. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A of 2nd Va. Inf as Corp. To Pvt. 8/5/61. sick in Charles Town, Nov./Dec. 1861. POW at Front Royal 6/6/62. Exchanged 8/5/62. enl. in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. (date and location not stated). Wded. 8/21/63 at Upperville. POW at Smithfield, Jefferson Co., W.Va., 9/15/63 (Ft. McHenry, 9/18/63; Pt. Lookout, 1/12/63). Exchanged 3/3/64. Still absent at 4/30/64 muster. Unofficial source (Baylor) says wded. at Todd’s Tavern 5/5/64. No further record. Postwar, builder in Baltimore. Residence: 29 Loudoun Ayenue, Baltimore. Alive in 1900.
CURRIE, CHARLES W.: b. 1838. 5’3″. dark complexion, hazel eyes, dark hair. Farmer. Residence Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H of 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. Wded. at Kernstown 3/23/62. POW near Harpers Ferry 10/16/62 (Ft. McHenry). Exchanged 10/25/62. enl. 12/62/62 at Shepherdstown in Co. D of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. Present Sept./Oct. 1863-July/Aug. 1864. Admitted to Chimborazo #1 8/20/64; debility. Discharged from hosp. 8/27/64. No further record. Paroled at Winchester 4/21/65. d. Dec. 1879 at Martinsburg, W.Va.
EASTERDAY, JOHN S.: b. 11/15/38. 5’9″. light complexion, blue eyes, light hair. Farmer and Tinner. Residence Charles Town. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A of 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. Present through Nov./Dec. 1861. No further Infantry record. enl. 7/15/62 at Harrisonburg in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. POW at Smithfield, Jefferson Co., W.Va., 9/15/63 (Ft. McHenry, 9/18/63; Pt. Lookout, 11/1/63). Exchanged 2/18/65. Deserted 3/19/65. No further record. d. 2/12/19. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
GALLAHER, JAMES N.: b. 5/2/41. 6’1″. fair complexion. black eyes, red hair. Printer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A of 2nd Va. Inf. as Corp. To Pvt. 8/31/61. Wded. at Port Republic 8/9/62. No further Infantry record. enl. 10/22/62 at Charles Town in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. Present Nov./Dec. 1863. AWOL Jan.-Feb., 1864. Furloughed 30 days 3/1/64. Present April, 1864. Unofficial source (Baylor) says he participated in the attack on Charles Town, W.Va. on 3/13/65. No further record. Paroled at Winchester. 4/19/65. d. 2/25/85. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town. W.Va.
HESS, CHARLES WILLIAM: b. 3/2/44. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields, Jefferson Co. in Co. H of 2nd Va. Inf, as a Pvt. Last infantry record shows him present Nov/Dec. 1861. enl. 4/19/62 at Shepherdstown in Co. D of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. Wded, at Brandy Station 6/9/63. Absent sick Sept-Oct., 1863. d. 12/5/63 of typhoid fever, location of death not stated. bur. St. James Lutheran Cem., Uvilla, Jefferson Co. W.Va.
HUNTER, HENRY CLAY: b. 1830 or 1831. Attended VMI 1849. Lawyer at Charles Town. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A of 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. Commissioned Lt. in Provislonal Army of Va., 7/14/61. No further Infantry record. enl. 11/25/62 at Charles Town in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. Present Nov./Dec. 1863-March/April l864. No further record. Surrendered at Appomattox, 4/9/65. Postwar farmer in Jefferson Co., W.Va. d. 12/3/86. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
HURST, JOHN HARRY: b. 6/5/38. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Harpers Ferry in Co. A of 2nd Va. Inf. as Corp. Trans. to Cav. 6/14/62 (unit not stated). Listed as 2nd Lt. in Co. F of 12th Va. Cav. (date and location of enl. not stated). Absent sick Nov., 1862. POW at Beverly Ford, 6/9/63 (Old Capitol Prison, July, 1863; to Johnson’s Island, 8/8/63. To Ft. Monroe for exchange, 9/18/64. Admitted Gen. Hosp. #4, Richmond, 9/23/64; chronic diarrhea and emaciation. Furloughed 40 days. No further record. d. 11/21/64. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
ISLER, CHARLES H.: b. 183O? Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G of 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. Wded. at 1st Manassas, 7/21/61. Last infantry record shows him still absent from wound, Nov/Dec. 1861. enl. in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. (date and location of enl. not stated). Unofficial source (Baylor) says POW at McGaheysville, 4/27/62. Baylor also says wded. just east of Charles Town in early Dec. 1862. Only official record is MWIA at St. James Church, Brandy Station, 6/9/63. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
LUCAS. BENJAMIN F.: b. 1838? Boatman. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B of 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. Last Infantry record shows him AWOL since 4/20/62. enl. 4/19/62 at Shepherdstown in Co. D of 12th Va. Cav. Elected Lt. 3/1/63. Present Sept/Oct. 1863.-Jan/Feb. 1864. KIA at Sycamore Church, 9/15/64.
MANNING. GEORGE UPSHAW: b. 12/15/44 at Vinton. Student. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G of 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. Absent. sent to hosp. by surgeon. 10/5/61. Last Infantry record shows him present again, Nov./Dec. 1861. enl. in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. (date and location not stated). Unofficial source says captured near Summit Point, Jefferson Co., 2/12/63. No Federal records confirm. KIA at Brandy Station, 6/9/63. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
MOORE, ALBERT. L: b. 12/29/45. 5’9″. dark complexion, hazel eyes, dark hair. Student. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A of 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. Absent sick at home, Nov./Dec. 1861. No further Infantry record. enl. 4/19/62 at Charles Town in Co. A of 12th Cav. as Pvt. Present at 12/31/62 muster. Paid $281.73 for service 6/30-12/31/63. Roll for Nov./Dec. 1863 reports him AWOL since 12/18/63. Present Jan./Feb & July/Aug. 1864. No further record. Paroled at Charles Town, W.Va., 4/22/65. Postwar, resident of Charles Town, W.Va. d. 4/14/34. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
MOORE, VINCENT G.: b. 4/15/43. Student. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G of Inf. 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. Last Infantry record shows him absent sick since 12/18/61. enl. 5/16/62 at Charles Town in Co. A of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. Present at 12/31/62 muster. Present Nov/Dec. 1863. Absent Jan./Feb. 1864. Present March/Aprll-July/Aug. 1864. POW at Ashby’s Gap, 12/26/64 (Pt. Lookout). Oath of Allegiance to U.S. at Pt. Lookout, 6/6/66. Postwar, resident of Kearneysville, W.Va. d. 12/11/25. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
NlCELY, CHARLES A.: b. 7/1/43. 5’8 1/2″. florid complexion, gray eyes light hair. Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Duffields in Co. H of 2nd Va. Inf. as Corp. Last Infantry record shows him present, Nov/Dec. 1861, enl. 9/25/62 at Charles Town in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. POW at Front Royal 10/27/63 (Camp Chase, 10/31/63 Rock 1sland, Illinois 12/4/64). Oath of Allegiance to U.S., 1/17/65. d. 3/12/67. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va
NOLAND, SAMUEL C.: b. 1/10/41. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. A as Pvt. Gen. Hosp. #7, Richmond, 11/26/62; bronchitis. To private quarters at Camp Winder, 12/8/62. Present at 12/31/62 muster. Absent on detail as courier for Gen. Ewell, 6/16/63. Last official entry shows him still absent on this same detail with detail as courier, July/Aug. 1864. d. 9/28/06. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va. RANSON, THOMAS DAVIS: b. 5/19/43 at Charles Town at “Homestead House.” 5’11”. fair complexion, light blue eyes, brown hair. Residence Jefferson Co. Entered Washington College at Lexington in 1859. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G of 2nd Va. inf. as Pvt. Trans. 8/8/61 to Co. I, 52nd Va. Inf. Wded. severely at Cross Keys, 6/8/62. After recovering from wound, enl. 11/25/62 at Charles Town in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. Served as a scout for this Co. and for Gen. Stuart and Gen. Lee. Capt. in charge of scouts in the secret service dept., 1864. Reported directly to Gen. Stuart and Gen. Lee. Also served as aide to Generals Edward Johnson and William L. Jackson. POW at Tom’s Brook, 10/9/64 (Pt. Lookout, 10/20/64). Oath of Allegiance to U.S. at Pt. Lookout, 6/17/65). Postwar, grad. University of Pa. Lawyer at Staunton, m. 1) Mary Fontaine Alexander in 1871; 2) Janetta Ravenscroft Harrison; 3) Margaret Fisher Warren in 1900. d. 7/21/18. bur. Thomrose Cem., Staunton.
SHANER, ALEXANDER J.: b. 1/27/28. 5’7 1/4″. fair complexion, gray eyes, brown hair. Carpenter in Jefferson Co. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B of 2nd Va. lnf. as Pvt. Absent with leave at 6/30/61 muster. Present again July/Aug. 1861. Last Infantry record reports him AWOL since 5/15/62. enl. 3/9/62 at Winchester in Co. F of 12th Va. Cav. as Corp. Present July/Aug. 1863. Roll for Sept./Oct. 1863 reports him AWOL since 9/18/63 in Madison Co. POW 12th Pa. Cav. at Cedar Creek, 11/18/63 (Camp Chase, 12/8/63; Ft. Delaware, 3/4/64). Oath of Allegiance to U.S. at Ft. Delaware, 6/19/65. d. 9/26/20. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
WASHINGTON, BUSHROD CORBIN: b. 1831. 5’8 1/2″. light complexion, gray eyes, light hair. Farmer in Jefferson Co. m. 1) Katharine Blackburn; 2) Emma Willis. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G of 2nd Va. Inf. as Corp. POW at Kernstown, 3/23/62 (Ft. Delaware). Exchanged 8/5/62. Trans. 8/23/62 to Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. Recommended to fill the 2nd Lt. vacancy of Co. B following the dismissal of Lt. Rowland. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart’s endorsement stated: “His escape from the enemy on the night of the 11th Oct. was made under the most difficult circumstances, and exhibited a remarkable degree of coolness, skill and courage.” Appointed 2nd Lt. of Co. B, 12/3/63. Present Nov./Dec. 1863. Signs roll as commanding the Co., March 1864. Unofficial source (Baylor) says wded. at Todd’s Tavern, 5/6/64. issued clothing, 9/12/64. No further record. Paroled at Winchester, 5/4/65. Postwar, editor of William Naylor McDonald’s “A History of the Laurel BrIgade.” d. 2/24/19 at home of his son, Nathaniel, in Spokane, Washington. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
WASHINGTON, GEORGE: b. 2/22/42. Student. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G of 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. Elected Sgt., 6/10/61. Absent sick since 10/5/61. Discharged 8/31/62, reason not stated. Unofficial source (Virginia State Library) says he served in Co. B of 12th Va Cav. Virginia State Library also says KIA (location and date of battle not stated). d. 6/30/63. bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va. “The Virginia Free Press” 9 Nov. 1865: “George Washington born February 22, 1842, student and listed April 15, 1861 Charles Town second Virginia infantry, discharged 1862, joined 12 Virginia Cavalry killed in action June 30, 1863 Zion Church.”
WlNTERMYER (WINTERMOYER), WlLLIAM H.: b. 1829? Weaver and Manufacturer. 5’6″. florid complexion, gray eyes, dark hair. enl. 4/18/61 at Halltown in Co. B of 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. enl. 4/19/62 at Shepherdstown in Co. D of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. Absent sick, Sept./Oct.-Nov./Dec. 1863. Disability Certificate at Gen. Hosp. Harrisonburg, 1/29/64: “tertiary syphilis from which he has been suffering for 18 months.” Discharged 2/23/64. Paroled at Mt. Jackson, 4/18/65. d. by 1907.
WRIGHT, SAMUEL S.: b. 11/4/32. Farmer. enl. 4/18/61 at Charles Town in Co. G of 2nd Va. Inf. as Pvt. Last infantry record shows him present, Nov./Dec. 1861. enl. 4/17/62 at Conrad’s Store in Co. B of 12th Va. Cav. as Pvt. Present Nov./Dec. 1863. KIA in fight at New Creek Grade 1/30/64. bur. Edge Hill Cem., Charles Town, W.Va.
Driver, Robert J. (1991). “1st Virginia Cavalry.” Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, Inc. Print.
April 18, 1861 enlistees in the 1st Virginia Cavalry:
BILLMYER, JAMES M.: b. 12/4/1836. 5’11’, fair complexion, brown hair, hazel eyes. Merchant, Shepherdstown PO, Jefferson Co. 1860 census. enl. Shepherdstown 4/18/61 Co. F as 1st Sgt. Horse killed Bull Run 7/21/61. Present through 1/6/62. To 2nd Lt. Present through 5/1/62. Not re-elected. Re-enl. Pvt. Fredericksburg 8/1/63. Present through 8/64. Acting Adjutant of Regt. 2/12/65. Paroled Winchester 4/27/65. d. 2/20/1913.
BILLMYER, JOHN T.: b. Va. 1/11/32. 5’8′, fair complexion, dark hair, grey eyes. 1st Lt., Co. F. Deputy Sheriff, Vanclevesville PO, Berkeley Co. 1860 census. enl. Shepherdstown 4/18/61 as Sgt. Present until detached with baggage trains 3/4/62. Present through 10/20/62. Elected 2nd Lt. To 1st Lt. Present until WIA Five Forks 4/1/65. Paroled Mt. Jackson 4/18/65. d. 3/26/74. bur. Elmwood Cem. Shepherdstown.
BILLMYER, MILTON J.: b. Va. 10/10/34. Farmer, Jefferson Co. 6′, fair complexion, light hair, blue eyes. Captain, Co. F., Vanclevesville PO, Berkeley Co. 1860 census. enl. Shepherdstown 4/18/61 as Pvt. Present through 7/1/61, appointed 1st Lt. Present through 10/12/62. elected Captain. Present until WIA (left thigh) Haw’s Shop 5/28/64. Absent wounded in Richmond hospital until furloughed for 30 days 7/14/64. Present Appomattox. Paroled Winchester 4/27/65. d. near Shepherdstown, W.Va. 8/31/07. bur. Elmwood Cem.
HAGAN, WILLIAM HENRY: Cpl. Co. F b. 4/6/21. enl. 4/18/61. d. 6/18/85. bur. Elmwood Cem.
HAWN, DAVID: 2nd Cpl., Co. F. b. Va. 3/22/39. Farmhand. Charlestown, PO, Jefferson Co. 1860 Census. enl. Shepherdstown 4/18/61 as Pvt. Present through 10/20/62, appointed 2nd Cpl. Present until WIA and captured Gettysburg 7/3/63. Sent to Pt. Lookout. Exch. 2/18/65. Paroled Mt. Jackson 5/5/65. 5’11”, fair complexion, light hair, blue eyes. d. 7/2/00. bur. Elmwood Cem. Shepherdstown, WV.
KEARNEY, WILLIAM A.: enl. Shepherdstown 4/18/61. Corp., Co. F. Present until d. at Sperryville 4/14/62. “The Virginia Free Press” 9 Nov. 1865: “John Briscoe Kearney, died at his residence, September 25, 1862 aged about 29 years.”
KEYES, WILLIAM H.: b. 7/15/41. Carpenter. enl.. Co. B, 2nd Va. Inf. Pvt. 4/18/61. Trans. Co. F. 1st Va. Cav. 7/15/61. Present until absent on detached duty with Mosby 1/18/63. WIA Miskel’s Farm 4/1/63. Present until KIA Kennon’s Farm 5/24/64. “The Virginia Free Press” 9 Nov. 1865: “William Keyes killed at Kennon’s Landing, James River May 24th 1864 aged 22 years.” bur. Old Reform Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
LEMEN, JOHN J.: b. Va. 11/19/39. 5’7″. fair complexion, dark hair, grey eyes. Farmhand, Charles Town PO, Jefferson Co. 1860 census. enl. Shepherdstown Co. F. 4/18/61 as Pvt. Present until captured 7/61. Exch. Present 9/62. Captured Smithfield 5/31/63. Sent to Ft. Monroe. Exch. 6/5/63. Present until absent sick in Richmond hospital 8/24/64. Released 6/30/64. d. 1871. bur. Elmwood Cem. Shepherdstown, W.Va.
LEMEN, THOMAS T.: b. Va. 8/15/42. Student, Charles Town PO, Jefferson Co. 1860 census. enl. Co. F Shepherdstown 4/18/61 Pvt. Present until WIA Aldie 6/17/63. POW Middleburg d. 6/20/63. bur. Elmwood Cem.
LEMEN, WILLIAM THORNBURG: b. Va. 6/15/35. 5’10”. fair complexion, brown hair, grey eyes. Farmer, Charles Town PO, Jefferson Co. 1860 census. enl. Co. F Shepherdstown 4/18/61. Present through 8/61, promoted 3rd Sgt. Present through 8/62, promoted 2nd Sgt. Promoted 1st Sgt 10/20/62. Present 10/63. Present through 8/64. Paroled Winchester 4/18/65. d. near Hedgesville, W.Va. 4/17/99. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
LEMEN, WILLOUGHBY: b. 11/20/1844. 5’10”. enlisted 4/18/61 Co. F, 1st Virginia Cavlary under William A. Morgan. Present thru to 10/20/1862. Promoted to 1st Sgt. Present thru 11/1863. Service records show name change from “William T.Lemen” to Willoughby N. Lemen 11-12-63. Captured 4/65. 12/28/64 promoted to Junior 2nd Lieut. Paroled 4/18/65. 20 years 1865. d. 7/19/1913. buried Elmwood Cem. – Tombstone Inscriptions, p. 170; Kenamond, p. 74.
MCQUILKIN, WILLIAM H.: b. 1841. Laborer Charles Town enl. Co. F. Shepherdstown 4/18/61 as Pvt. fell ill with pneumonia and was granted sick furlough August 31st, 1861; sent to hospital December 26th, and died January 6th, 1862 at Manassas.
MORGAN, DANIEL H.: b. Va. Farmer, Shepherdstown. enl. 4/18/61. Present until out on special duty 7/6-10/61. Present until trans. Co. D, 6th Va. Cav. 4/28/62. DOW’s received Five Forks 4/1/65, on 4/8/65. bur. Elmwood Cem. Shepherdstown, W.Va.
MORGAN, WILLIAM A.: b. near Mt. Vernon, Fairfax County, Va. 1831 res. Shepherdstown, Farmer, enl. Co. F Shepherdstown 4/18/61. reported 5/3/61 to Col. Jackson as Capt., Co. F., promoted to Lt. Col. 7/16/63. Commanded brigade since 10/21/64. Nominated for Brig. Gen.
MYERS, JOHN W.: b. Va. about 1840. Clerk, Charles Town PO, Jefferson Co. 1860 census. enl. Co. F Shepherdstown 4/18/61 as 2nd Corp. Present until detailed as baggage guard 3-4/62. Present through 8/62, elected 1st Corp. Horse killed Waterloo Bridge 9/29/62. Paid $266.00. Present through 10/63, To 2nd Sgt. Present through 8/64. WIA (left knee-fractured femur) Tom’s Brook 10/9/64. In U. S. Hospital, Winchester 10/31/64. “The Virginia Free Press” 9 Nov. 64 reported his death as “11/64.” To Lt. on postwar roster.
RONEMOUS, JOHN H.: b. Va. about 1841. 5’11”. dark complexion, dark hair, blue eyes. Farmer, Dufflelds PO, Jefferson Co. 1860 census. enl. Co. F. Shepherdstown 4/18/61 as Pvt. Present until detailed as baggage guard 3-4/62. Present until WIA 11/15/63. Sent to Gordonsville hospital. Trans. Staunton hospital 11/17/63. Present through 8/64. Paroled Mt. Jackson 4/18/65.
STONEBRAKER, JOSEPH M.: b. 1829. Charles Town census 1860. Merchant. enl. Co. F. Shepherdstown 4/18/61. discharged, overage. d. 1/19/94 Elmwood Cem.
TANNER, ISAAC SCOTT: b. near Clear Spring, Washington Co., MD. 9/22/18. Shepherdstown PO, Jefferson Co. 1860 census. Grad. NYU 1845. Grad. College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY., 1847. M.D., enl. Co. F. Shepherdstown 4/18/61. 2nd Lt. Present until resigned 8/27/61. Served as Surgeon after Bull Run for three weeks. Appointed Surgeon, 21st N. C. Inf. 1862. Promoted Brigade Surgeon in 1863. Promoted Chief Surgeon, Hoke’s division. Served on Gen. Joseph E. Johnston’s staff. Paroled Greensboro, NC 4/26/65. Farmer and M.D., Shepherdstown. d. 4/10/03. bur. Elmwood Cem., Shepherdstown, W.Va.
CHAPTER OR STORY 16 – FARMING IN THE FIELD OF WAR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LJpJeIwFMw#t=45m50s Click Here and the link will take you to the beginning of this story at 45:50 within the longer video called “Jasper Thompson’s Destiny Day September6, 1906”
With support from American Public University System (apus.edu). The sentiments expressed do not in any way reflect modern-day policies of APUS, and are intended to encourage fact-based exchange for a better understanding of our nation’s foundational values.
THE STORY W/O IMAGES
The first week of July, the first day of harvest was when the first sounds of battle were heard here from Falling Waters.
The wheat was standing tall and fine that year, a heavy crop. Perhaps Solomon Thompson was swinging the first cradle, and the cradlers were strung out in a long line beside him, including perhaps his seventeen-year-old son, Jasper.
A description fitting Jasper appears in the Alexander’s 1860 Census for Walnut Hill along with a listing that matches the description and age of Jasper’s father Solomon.
In August, 1861 – Charles Armistead Alexander joined the 12th Virginia Cavalry in Harrisonburg,
He curtailed his studies in medicine at the University of Virginia.
Charles Alexander was just eight months older than Jasper. Jasper in 1861 was cutting wheat or maybe was a groom for Charles’ cavalry horse
Right when it hurt the most, the Confederacy called for 400,000 more “volunteers” on August 3rd, 1861
Feeding Confederate Col. Jackson’s men from May through to their departure in July to Bull Run and the army of Union General Robert Patterson picked the area clean of food and the best horses. If you have horses and mules, they have to be fed. A horse needed 14 pounds of hay and 12 pounds of grain a day; a soldier only needed three.
J. R. Tucker, a Valley farmer, wrote to the Confederacy’s Secretary of War in Richmond: I am requested by some of the citizens of the valley counties to make a representation to you of the facts bearing upon the call of the militia in that region. It is the most fertile part of Virginia for wheat and corn growing. It has no other staple of consequence. The call of the militia was at a time when the harvest was scarcely over, and the farmer left his crop standing in the field unhoused.
THE STORY WITH IMAGES:
Farmers Nooning by William Sidney Mount – 1836 Long Island Museum of American Art, History, and Carriages – artsandculture.google.com
The first week of July, the first day of harvest was when the first sounds of battle were heard here from Falling Waters.
The Veteran in a New Field by Winslow Homer – 1865 metmuseum.org Bequest of Miss Adelaide Milton de Groot (1876-1967), 1967
The wheat was standing tall and fine that year, a heavy crop.
The Veteran in a New Field by Winslow Homer – 1865 metmuseum.org Bequest of Miss Adelaide Milton de Groot (1876-1967), 1967
Perhaps Solomon Thompson was swinging the first cradle, and the cradlers were strung out in a long line beside him,
The Iowa Agriculturalist for the Farm, Garden & Household – uni.edu
including perhaps his seventeen-year-old son, Jasper.
Jasper Thompson (semblance only) – Mule Driver at Kelly’s Ford November, 1863 by Edwin Forbes – loc.gov
Jasper & Solomon Thompson’s ages in 1860 match in the 1860 Census two men at Walnut Hill farm of William F. Alexander – 1860 Slave Schedule Wm F. Alexander Jefferson County Va. p. 28 United States. Bureau of the Census; United States. National Archives and Records Service. (1967). Population schedules of the eighth census of the United States, 1860, Virginia [microform] – Volume Reel 1392
W. F. Alexander – courtesy Betsy Wells; Walnut Hill (front) – Library of Congress HABS. loc.gov
Dr. Alexander’s son, Charles Armistead Alexander, was just eight months older than Jasper. Hearing drumbeats, he curtailed his studies in medicine at the University of Virginia and in August, 1861 Charles joined many friends in the 12th Virginia Cavalry. He likely needed a groom to accompany him.
University of Virginia building – mindingthecampus.orgLong, John Luther. (1813). “War.” Indianapolis, IN: The Bobbs-Merrill company. archive.org p. 346 – cavalry charge; Jasper Thompson’s semblance by Edwin Forbes.
WHERE WAS JASPER THOMPSON AFTER AUGUST, 1861 – RIDING WITH HIS BOYHOOD PLAYMATE AT WALNUT HILL, OR STILL CUTTING WHEAT BACK AT THE FARM?
Right when it hurt the most, the Confederacy called for 400,000 more “volunteers” on August 3rd, 1861
Miller, Francis Trevelyan. (1912). “The photographic history of the civil war in ten volumes.” Vol. 3. New York, NY: The Review of Reviews Co. archive.org pp. 26-27
Feeding Confederate Col. Jackson’s men from May through to their departure in July to Bull Run and the army of Union General Robert Patterson picked the area clean of food and the best horses.
“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 1.” (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co. archive.org by Harry Fenn archive.org p. 217
[Scenes on the road: roasting corn and foraging] by Alfred Waud Published: [between 1860 and 1865] – loc.gov
Leslie, Frank; Moat, Louis S. (1895). “Frank Leslie’s illustrated history of the Civil War.” archive.org p. 35
Return of a Foraging Party to Philippi, Virginia – Harpers Weekly August 17, 1861, p. 518 sonofthesouth.net
Sketch of Thanksgiving in camp (of General Louis Blenker) during the US Civil War on Thursday November 28th 1861. by Alfred Waud – loc.gov
Camp of 71st New Vols. Cook house Soldiers getting dinner ready. (200 Excelsior) Date Created/Published: 1861. loc.gov ; Robert Patterson – aztecclub.com
Herring I, John Frederick; Farm Scene with Horses; Doncaster Museum Service; John Frederick Herring, Sr. – Farm Scene with Horses – Danum Gallery, Library and Museum Photo credit: Heritage Doncaster – artuk.org
If you have horses and mules, they have to be fed. A horse needed 14 pounds of hay and 12 pounds of grain a day; a soldier only needed three.
Strother, David H., “Personal Recollections of the Civil War.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine. New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 35, Issue: 207, August, 1867. hathitrust.org p. 275
J. R. Tucker, a Valley farmer, wrote to the Confederacy’s Secretary of War in Richmond: I am requested by some of the citizens of the valley counties to make a representation to you of the facts bearing upon the call of the militia in that region. It is the most fertile part of Virginia for wheat and corn growing. It has no other staple of consequence. The call of the militia was at a time when the harvest was scarcely over, and the farmer left his crop standing in the field unhoused.
C.S.A. Secretary of War Leroy Pope Walker – wikipedia.orgEastman Johnson – Self-Portrait, c.1865–70 – eastmanjohnson.org“Battles and Leaders. Vol. 1.” (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (Ed.). New York, NY: Century Co. archive.org by Harry Fenn archive.org p. 217 – The Main Battleground 2
WAR COMES TO THE VALLEY
William Winston Valentine – “Seven Bends of the Shenandoah River” courtesy Virginia Historical Society, Lora Robins Collection of Virginia Art
Farmer Whetting His Scythe by William Sidney Mount – 1848 – Long Island Museum of American Art, History, and Carriages artsandculture.google.com
Fiddling His Way – Eastman Johnson – 1866 Bequest of Walter P. Chrysler, Jr. chrysler.emuseum.com
Winnowing Grain – Eastman Johnson – circa 1877-1879 – Museum of Fine Arts Boston – Bequest of Martha C. Karolik for the M. and M. Karolik Collection of American Paintings, 1815-1865 collections.mfa.org
Strother, David H., “Virginia Illustrated.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 12, Issue: 68, (Jan., 1856). hathitrust.org p. 177
Long Island Farmer Husking Corn by William Sidney Mount – 1833-1834 – oceansbridge.com
REFERENCES:
1. 1860 Census slave schedules: Wm F. Alexander 28 enslaved Walnut Hill 16 year old male like Jasper 1860 Slave Schedule Wm F. Alexander Jefferson County Va P. 28 United States. Bureau of the Census; United States. National Archives and Records Service. (1967). Population schedules of the eighth census of the United States, 1860, Virginia [microform] – Volume Reel 1392 – 1860 Virginia Federal Population Census Schedules Slave – Henrico, James City, Jefferson, Kanawha, King George, King and Queen, and King William Counties. Publisher Washington D.C.: Gov’t Printing Office. First page of Schedule for Jefferson County – Click Here. https://archive.org/details/populationschedu1392unix/page/n297/mode/2up?view=theater
2. J. Randolph Tucker’s letter dated August 27, 1861 to Richmond, Va. to Hon. L. P. Walker Sec’y of War, the Confederacy:
Richmond, August 27,1861. Hon. L. P. Walker, Secretary of War: Dear Sir: I am requested by some of the citizens of the valley counties to make a representation to you of the facts bearing upon the call of the militia in that region. It is the most fertile part of Virginia for wheat and corn growing. It has no other staple of consequence. The call of the militia was at a time when the harvest was scarcely over, and the farmer left his crop standing in the field unhoused. No plow has been put into the ground for the fall seeding of wheat. See, then, the sacrifice which oar people in that region are called on to make—to imperil the crop of the past year and to prevent the raising a crop for the coming year.
I know it is supposed the same rule of 10 per cent., being applicable elsewhere, must be applied to the valley, and with no worse results; but one fact will show the contrary: In Shenandoah County there is a white population of 12,800 and a total population of 13,800, showing only 1,000 blacks, free and slave. Ten per cent, of the whites makes a rail of 1,280 for militia service drafted from the laborers, the tillers of the soil, and not leaving sufficient slaves at home to work while the master is abroad to fight.
Nansemond County, near Norfolk, has a total population of 13,700, (nearly the same as Shenandoah), of which 5,700 are white and 8,000 black, free and slave. The draft of 10 per cent draws 570 whites, but leaves the negro to the farm labor. This is an evil which calls for a remedy, if one can be had. Of the militia at Winchester, numbering, say, 5,000, perhaps one-half are unarmed. Might not furloughs be allowed, or a part be disbanded who are unarmed, upon call to be summoned again if needed, especially since report says the column of General Banks has fallen back from the valley towards Baltimore! If anything can be done for as true and patriotic a people as there are in the South, I appeal to you to do it. When I tell you that in Shenandoah County, which cast 2,500 votes for the secession ordinance and only 5 against it, there are only 700 slaves, I think I may vouch for the integrity of her people upon the great crisis of the South. I am, with high respect, yours, J. R. TUCKER. Shenandoah has furnished about 950 volunteers. Could not enough of her militia be retained to make up her quota and release the residue on furlough? As it is now, she has largely more than her quota in the field, counting her volunteers and her militia. J. R. TUCKER.
3. Walker’s letter dated August 27, 1861 from Richmond, Va. to Gen. R. E. Lee:
R. E. LEE, General, Commanding. War Department, C. S. A., Richmond, August 28, 1861. Brig. Gen. Gilbert S. Meem, Commanding Seventh Brigade, Virginia Militia, Winchester:
Sir: In your communication to this Department of the 26th of August you submit for its decision various matters relating to your command at Winchester. Before proceeding to answer your interrogatories it is necessary to inquire into the circumstances under which the forces under your command were called into the Confederate service.
It appears that under the exigencies surrounding General J. E. Johnston he called for a brigade of two regiments from the Third Division Virginia Militia on the 21st of June, 1861, to which call you responded as the brigadier general of this district, and that having raised the two regiments required, you were ordered by General Johnston, on the (illegible) of July, 1861, to take post at Winchester.
It further appears that on the 19th of July, 1861, Governor Letcher, in obedience to the requisition of the President calling out the militia of Virginia, made a further call upon the militia of the Third Division, under which the other regiments were raised and added to your command at Winchester.
These four regiments thus raised were, in the opinion of General Johnston, necessary to the defense and protection of Winchester, in view of his operations in the direction of Manassas, and they were organized hi accordance with the laws of Virginia regulating her militia.
The militia laws of Virginia provide, among other things, “that each major-general, brigadier general, and colonel shall appoint his own staff,” &c. Under this state of facts, the first question, arising for the decision of this Department is that propounded by yourself: Whether he staff officers of your brigade appointed by yourself, and the regimental staff officers appointed to each regiment by the colonel thereof, will be recognized and commissioned by the Confederate Government under the provisions of the act of Congress approved March 6,1861, to provide for the public defense?
This act, in its fifth section, provides that “officers of volunteers below the grade of general shall be appointed in the manner prescribed by law in the several States.” But the sixth section of this act provides that “the President shall, if necessary, apportion the staff and general officers among the respective States from which the volunteers shall render their services as he may deem proper;” and the seventh section of this act reads:
“Whenever the militia or volunteers are called and received into the service of the Confederate States under the provisions of his act, they shall have the same organization, and shall have the same my and allowances, as may be provided for the Regular Army;” and by the ninth section of this act the power is extended to the President, by and with the consent of the Congress, “to appoint one commissary with one quartermaster, with the rank of major, for each brigade of militia or volunteers called into the Confederate service, and one assistant quartermaster and one assistant commissary, with the rank of captain, and one surgeon and one assistant surgeon, to each regiment; the said quartermasters and commissaries and assistant quartermasters and commissaries to give bonds, with good sureties, for the faithful performance of their duties.”
The State and Confederate laws in relation to militia staff appointments would seem thus to conflict. Nor does a recurrence to the mere records of the Constitution of the Provisional Government, under which we are acting, serve precisely to settle the difficulty. The sixth section of this instrument provides that Congress, among other things, shall have the power to provide “for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Confederacy, suppress insurrections and repel invasions, to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the Confederacy, reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers,” &c.
In this reservation to the States are staff officers as well as commanding officers embraced, or shall it be contended that the Congress, by the act to provide for the public defense, has so far exercised its constitutional power of “organizing and governing” the militia called into the Confederate service as to confer on the President the right to make staff appointments in supercession of State laws? If the first inquiry be answered affirmatively, then your command as at present organized and officered has to be in all respects accepted. If the last position be yielded, the brigade and regimental staff officers of your command will depend upon the discretion of the President, who may or may not accept the appointments made by yourself and your colonels. Whatever appointments are recognized will of course occupy positions under the ninth section of the act to “provide for the public defense,” and they will hold the same rank and receive the same pay “allowed to officers of the same grade in the regular service.” The act to provide for the public defense evidently regards militia as such and militia as volunteers. In the first light they are subject to draft upon requisition or may be called out en masse. In the second light they freely tender their services; and here again a distinction has to be drawn. They may tender their services through State intervention indirectly to the Confederate Government or without State intervention directly to the Confederate Government. If drafted or called out en masse, they c in only be compelled to serve six months, whereas under a tender of service they may be accepted and compelled to serve for any period specified, according to the necessities of the Government and country. But in whatever light they may stand, the nature of the question as affecting staff appointments demands an interpretation that shall generate unity, consistency, and harmony in the general service of the Army, and which could never be obtained if staff officers were not compelled to give bond and surety to that government whose treasury was at their mercy. It would be a strange anomaly in administration to admit a set of officers into the Treasury* of the Confederate Government whose bonds and sureties were given in the line of their commissions to the State authorities, from whose treasuries nothing was to be drawn. How could the Confederate Government exact bond and surety from a State officer” Yet the act “to provide for the public defense” imperatively demands that this Department shall exact “bond and good sureties” from all its agents employed in the Army as “quartermasters and commissaries”‘ and as assistant quartermasters and assistant commissaries. The nature of the case and the reason attendant upon it lead to the conclusion that in every branch of the service staff appointments are with the President, and that he may accept or reject those selected by the officers of your command.
Your second interrogatory is plain. The four regiments under your command, having been called into the Confederate service by proper authority and retained at Winchester, are entitled to the usual pay allowed by law to volunteers and militia for the time they have served and shall continue to serve. Nor is there any difficulty in regard to your third and last inquiry. The militia called into the Confederate service are clothed, subsisted, and paid as other troops.
In conclusion, it may be remarked that this Department has received from the county authorities of Shenandoah and from the Hon. J. Randolph Tucker, the attorney-general of Virginia, earnest petitions for the discharge of all that portion of your command which may be in excess of the 10 per cent, quota demanded by this Government for active service in the field. The question of their discharge will be referred to General Johnston, who will be governed in his decision by the necessities associated with the defense of Winchester and the country comprising the third militia division. Respectfully, L. P. Walker, Sec’y of War.
from The War of the Rebellion Additions and Corrections to Series I – Volume V. Washington, D.C. Government Printing Office. (1902). Congressional Serial Set – Operations in Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. August 1, 1861-March 17, 1862 Chapter XIV pp. 811-812 Letter August 27, 1861 from Tucker to Sec’y of War L. P. Walker
4. Charles Armistead Alexander Service Record: fold3.com (account required)
ALEXANDER, CHARLES ARMISTEAD: b. 5/12/43. enl. 8/1/62 at Harrisonburg in Co. B as Pvt. Captured by 1st Connecticut Cav. between Halltown and Bolivar Heights, W.Va. 7/14/63 (Ft. McHenry, 7/15/63; Ft. Delaware, 7/20/63; Pt. Lookout, 10/27/63). Oath of Allegiance to U.S. 12/24/63. d. 3/27/64 (location and cause not stated). bur. Zion Episcopal Cem., Charles Town, W.Va. Frye, Dennis E. (1988). “12th Virginia Cavalry.” Lynchburg, VA: H. E. Howard, Inc. Print.
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